These data contain the Crude Colorado Census Tract Low Weight Birth Rate which equals the total number of low weight births (singleton low weight births) divided by the denominator of all singleton births (2015-2019). Low weight births are defined as infants weighing 5 pounds, 8 ounces or less (under 2,500 grams) at birth. These data are from the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment's Vital Records Birth Dataset and are published annually by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment for use in its Health Equity/Environmental Justice Collaborative activities.

1. A changing environment directly influences birth and mortality rates, and thus population growth rates. However, population growth rates in the short-term are also influenced by population age-structure. Despite its importance, the contribution of age-structure to population growth rates has rarely been explored empirically in wildlife populations with long-term demographic data.

2. Here, we assessed how changes in age-structure influenced short-term population dynamics in a semi-captive population of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).

3. We addressed this question using a demographic dataset of female Asian elephants from timber camps in Myanmar spanning 45 years (1970-2014). First, we explored temporal variation in age-structure. Then, using annual matrix population models, we used a retrospective approach to assess the contributions of age-structure and vital rates to short-term population growth rates with respect to the average environment.

4. Age-structure was highly variabl...

This project is for Phase 2 of a 3-phase project to determine reproduction, survival and depredation in Steller sea lions in the western Aleutian Islands (WAI) in relation to the eastern Gulf of Alaska (eGOA). Phase 1 proved high juvenile depredation in the eGOA through the novel use of life-long telemetry impants. In Phase 2 we will use improved Life History Transmitters (LHX-2 tags) in up to 10 pre-reproductive female western Steller sea lions from the Chiswell Island rookery (eGOA). LHX-2 tags record data throughout the host’s life, record birth events in females, and after death of the host transmit stored data via satellite. Post-mortem data will yield age at first pupping and lifetime births in females, as well as age and cause of death (predation vs. non-predation). All animals will be observed through remote video systems at Chiswell Island to determine pupping in subsequent years. Phase 2 objectives are to (1) validate LHX-2 birth detection against direct visual observations; (2) increase the eGOA sample size for animals >=3 years to enhance the statistical power of a regional comparison to the WAI; (3) facilitate the transition to remote LHX-2 tag deployments in the WAI by validating less invasive surgery enabled by smaller LHX-2 tags. The objectives of Phase 2 will be essential to enabling Phase 3. In a future Phase 3 (not requested here) we will use LHX-2 tags in the WAI to determine regional differences in survival and predation rates, birth rates and age at first reproduction. The dataset for this project is composed of one data file: NPRB-1310-final-data.csv. This dataset was generated under NPRB project 1310.

Age-specific Birth Rates Per 1000 for in NSW 2010.

Original provider: NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC)

Dataset credits: NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC)

Abstract: The 2009 "Ecosystem Survey of Delphinus Species" research survey focused on the two species of common dolphin, Delphinus delphis and D. capensis, found off southern California, USA, and Baja California, Mexico. The primary objective was to provide information to improve conservation and management plans for these species. The project used a multidisciplinary approach. For both Delphinus species, data were collected to estimate abundance, pregnancy and birth rates, timing of reproduction, gene flow, and contaminant concentrations. Oceanographic data were collected to characterize habitat, and data on distribution and abundance of seabirds, prey fishes, and squids were collected to further characterize the ecosystem in which these dolphins live. Photographs of dolphin schools were taken from a NOAA Twin Otter aircraft while the survey was being conducted. The aerial photographs will provide count and measurement data to calibrate observer estimates of school size and to estimate timing of reproduction and birth rates. This research will facilitate understanding population demography of these species in an ecosystem framework. Essential information about the primary focal species, D. capensis, will greatly increase our knowledge about this coastal species and the geographic extent of a Mexico-U.S. transboundary stock. For additional information about the Delphinus cruise, please see http://swfsc.noaa.gov/prd-delphinus.aspx.

Purpose: The primary objectives of the 2009 Delphinus ecosystem cruise were (1) to characterize the distribution, habitat and reproductive characteristics of long- and short-beaked common dolphins, and (2) to improve non-lethal sampling techniques for studying reproduction in wild, free-ranging cetaceans.

Supplemental information: [2021-04-13] Updated with additional attributes.

SWFSC MMTD Cruise Number: 1640 Perpendicular distance will be released upon permission by the contributor. Please contact the contributor if needed.

Attribute descriptions for effort data: dist: Length of the segment (km) Mode: Effort mode type (C = closing mode; P = passing mode)

Data set for "Paleoenvironmental models for Australia and the impact of aridification on blindsnake diversification" --- These data sets were used to perform analyses included in the research paper "Paleoenvironmental models for Australia and the impact of aridification on blindsnake diversification." Main aims for the project: 1. Estimate the historical biogeography of Australian blindsnakes using 'BioGeoBEARS.' 2. Fit birth-death models and estimate diversification rates under different paleoenvironmental conditions using 'RPANDA.' 3. Compare diversification rates between arid-adapted and mesic-adapted lineages using 'ClaDS' and 'hisse.' ## Data and file structure /2021_ALA_blindsnake_occurence_data/ -- this folder should be replaced with the 2021_ALA_blindsnake_occurence_data.zip on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7571419) * Data from ALA can be downloaded at https://doi.org/10.26197/ala.d92678b1-ad2d-437b-9457-9f52737ba003 /bears_txt/ -- this folder contains .txt files necessary for fitting biogeographical models in' BioGeoBEARS' * geofile.txt - geographic range for each species * biome_distance.txt - modify distance for +x analysis /intermediate_data/bears/ -- files in this folder are generated from code * blindsnake_b.tre - phylogeny for fitting BioGeoBEARS models. /intermediate_data/diversification_analyses/ -- file for 'RPANDA' analyses * blindsnake.trees - contains two versions of Anilios trees. /intermediate_data/geohisse/ * 2022_species_list_arid_nonarid_widespread.csv - includes information about which species are in the phylogeny to calculate fraction. * arid_nonarid_both_states.csv - list of lineages and their geographic state. 0 = widespread, 1 = arid, and 2 = mesic. Designation of geographic states were based on distribution data and literature review. * arid_nonarid_both_states.txt - .txt version of the previous file /paleo_env -- this folder contains the reconstructed paleoenvironment data from three data sources as described in the paper. * Australia_climate_data_45Mya_Scotese.csv - reconstructed from Scotese & Wright, (2018) * Australia_climate_data_45Mya_Straume.csv - reconstructed from Straume et al., (2020) * Australia_climate_data_45Mya_Valdes.csv - reconstructed from Valdes et al., (2021) * Australia_climate_data_70Mya_Scotese.csv - reconstructed from Scotese & Wright, (2018) * Australia_climate_data_65Mya_Straume.csv - reconstructed from Straume et al., (2021) * climate_data_headers.txt - expalanation of climate data headers /tree/ -- this folder contains the subset of phylogenies for Anilios. * anilios_newick_b.tre - tree with A. splendidus * anilios_newick_st.tre - tree with A. splendidus * subset_anilios_newick_b.tre - tree without A. splendidus * subset_anilios_newick_st.tre - tree without A. splendidus ## Other information Zenodo repository for "Data set: Australia's hidden radiation - phylogenomic analysis reveals rapid Miocene radiation of blindsnakes" * Anilios phylogeny can be found at ## Code/Software All scripts can be run using open source software. * R is required to run R scripts (.R). * Julia is required to run Julia scripts (.jl). /Code * 00_*.R - scripts are used for preparing data for analyses * 01_fit_*.R - scripts were used to fit various RPANDA models. Note difference in initial lambda parameters for some models. * 01_env_data_plots.R - script to plot different paleoenvironmental data * 02_diversification_plots_b.R - script for plotting results * 02_diversification_plots_b.R - script for plotting results * 02_table_fit_env_results_b.R - script to summarise model fit * 03_BioGeoBEARS_analyses_parallel.R - script for fitting multiple BioGeoBEARS models * 04_BioGeoBEARS_results_bsm.R - Conduct Biogeographic Stochastic Mapping for the best fitting model * 04_BioGeoBEARS_results_plots.R - plotting Biogeographic Stochastic Mapping from the best fitting model * 04_BioGeoBEARS_results_tables.R - Biogeographic Stochastic Mapping result table from the best fitting model * 05_GeoHiSSE_fit.R - fit GeoSSE and GeoHiSSE using 'hisse' package. * 06_ClaDS2.jl - Julia script to estimate branch-specific rate under ClaDS * 06_ClaDS_plot_tips.R - plot results from ClaDS ## Contact Should you have questions about these analysis scripts, please do not hesitate to contact Sarin Tiatragul (contact information can be found in the paper) or on Github (https://github.com/stiatragul) Aim: Shifts in diversification rates of Australian flora and fauna have been associated with aridification, but the relationship between diversification rates and aridity has never been quantified. We employed multiple approaches to accurately reconstruct paleoenvironments of Austral...

Longitude and Latitude data to accompany acoustic backscatter data (one of three related datasets) from the AL9801 cruise on the R/V Albatross IV in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank in 1998 (GLOBEC-Georges Bank project). access_formats=.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson acquisition_description="" awards_0_award_nid=54610 awards_0_award_number=unknown GB NSF awards_0_funder_name=National Science Foundation awards_0_funding_acronym=NSF awards_0_funding_source_nid=350 awards_0_program_manager=David L. Garrison awards_0_program_manager_nid=50534 awards_1_award_nid=54626 awards_1_award_number=unknown GB NOAA awards_1_funder_name=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration awards_1_funding_acronym=NOAA awards_1_funding_source_nid=352 cdm_data_type=Other Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 data_source=extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019 defaultDataQuery=&time<now doi=10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.2394.1 Easternmost_Easting=-65.8468509183091 geospatial_lat_max=42.391441565366655 geospatial_lat_min=40.305498838435284 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=-65.8468509183091 geospatial_lon_min=-69.03893189853488 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east infoUrl=https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2394 institution=BCO-DMO metadata_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/2394 Northernmost_Northing=42.391441565366655 param_mapping={'2394': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'lon': 'master - longitude'}} parameter_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/2394/parameters people_0_affiliation=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution people_0_affiliation_acronym=WHOI people_0_person_name=Peter H. Wiebe people_0_person_nid=50454 people_0_role=Principal Investigator people_0_role_type=originator people_1_affiliation=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution people_1_affiliation_acronym=WHOI BCO-DMO people_1_person_name=Ms Dicky Allison people_1_person_nid=50382 people_1_role=BCO-DMO Data Manager people_1_role_type=related project=GB projects_0_acronym=GB projects_0_description=The U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank Program is a large multi- disciplinary multi-year oceanographic effort. The proximate goal is to understand the population dynamics of key species on the Bank - Cod, Haddock, and two species of zooplankton (Calanus finmarchicus and Pseudocalanus) - in terms of their coupling to the physical environment and in terms of their predators and prey. The ultimate goal is to be able to predict changes in the distribution and abundance of these species as a result of changes in their physical and biotic environment as well as to anticipate how their populations might respond to climate change. The effort is substantial, requiring broad-scale surveys of the entire Bank, and process studies which focus both on the links between the target species and their physical environment, and the determination of fundamental aspects of these species' life history (birth rates, growth rates, death rates, etc). Equally important are the modelling efforts that are ongoing which seek to provide realistic predictions of the flow field and which utilize the life history information to produce an integrated view of the dynamics of the populations. The U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank Executive Committee (EXCO) provides program leadership and effective communication with the funding agencies. projects_0_geolocation=Georges Bank, Gulf of Maine, Northwest Atlantic Ocean projects_0_name=U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank projects_0_project_nid=2037 projects_0_project_website=http://globec.whoi.edu/globec_program.html projects_0_start_date=1991-01 sourceUrl=(local files) Southernmost_Northing=40.305498838435284 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v55 version=1 Westernmost_Easting=-69.03893189853488 xml_source=osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3

Some neo-Malthusians regard fertility as being kept in check by scarcities and constraints and, conversely, as being raised by economic prosperity. Since out-migration to developed countries and the receipt of food aid from developed countries relax the constraints imposed by a country’s carrying capacity, both will have a positive effect on fertility rates in developing countries. Moreover, better economic prospects will also raise fertility, all other things equal. This article provides an empirical test of these hypotheses derived from a neo-Malthusian theory of fertility change. The results fail to confirm the theory and often contradict it.

Acoustic backscatter depth data in meters (one of three related datasets) from the AL9801 cruise on the R/V Albatross IV in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank in 1998 (GLOBEC-Georges Bank project). access_formats=.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv acquisition_description="" awards_0_award_nid=54610 awards_0_award_number=unknown GB NSF awards_0_funder_name=National Science Foundation awards_0_funding_acronym=NSF awards_0_funding_source_nid=350 awards_0_program_manager=David L. Garrison awards_0_program_manager_nid=50534 awards_1_award_nid=54626 awards_1_award_number=unknown GB NOAA awards_1_funder_name=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration awards_1_funding_acronym=NOAA awards_1_funding_source_nid=352 cdm_data_type=Other Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 data_source=extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019 defaultDataQuery=&time<now doi=10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.2393.1 geospatial_vertical_max=200.0 geospatial_vertical_min=0.5 geospatial_vertical_positive=down geospatial_vertical_units=m infoUrl=https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2393 institution=BCO-DMO metadata_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/2393 param_mapping={'2393': {'depth': 'master - depth'}} parameter_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/2393/parameters people_0_affiliation=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution people_0_affiliation_acronym=WHOI people_0_person_name=Peter H. Wiebe people_0_person_nid=50454 people_0_role=Principal Investigator people_0_role_type=originator people_1_affiliation=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution people_1_affiliation_acronym=WHOI BCO-DMO people_1_person_name=Ms Dicky Allison people_1_person_nid=50382 people_1_role=BCO-DMO Data Manager people_1_role_type=related project=GB projects_0_acronym=GB projects_0_description=The U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank Program is a large multi- disciplinary multi-year oceanographic effort. The proximate goal is to understand the population dynamics of key species on the Bank - Cod, Haddock, and two species of zooplankton (Calanus finmarchicus and Pseudocalanus) - in terms of their coupling to the physical environment and in terms of their predators and prey. The ultimate goal is to be able to predict changes in the distribution and abundance of these species as a result of changes in their physical and biotic environment as well as to anticipate how their populations might respond to climate change. The effort is substantial, requiring broad-scale surveys of the entire Bank, and process studies which focus both on the links between the target species and their physical environment, and the determination of fundamental aspects of these species' life history (birth rates, growth rates, death rates, etc). Equally important are the modelling efforts that are ongoing which seek to provide realistic predictions of the flow field and which utilize the life history information to produce an integrated view of the dynamics of the populations. The U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank Executive Committee (EXCO) provides program leadership and effective communication with the funding agencies. projects_0_geolocation=Georges Bank, Gulf of Maine, Northwest Atlantic Ocean projects_0_name=U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank projects_0_project_nid=2037 projects_0_project_website=http://globec.whoi.edu/globec_program.html projects_0_start_date=1991-01 sourceUrl=(local files) standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v55 version=1 xml_source=osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3

The files provide data on variation in population density and demographic characteristics of freshwater pelagic cladoceran species: Bosmina longirostris, Ceriodaphnia pulchella, Diaphanosoma brachyurum (Sterlyazhii Pond, 55°41'53" N; 36°43'52"E , Russian Federation). The second dataset provides similar data for Daphnia catawba (inhabiting Lake Lacawac, the U.S.) estimated based on original paper by Tessier (1986), as well data on population density dynamics of the second pelagic cladoceran Holopedium gibberum inhabiting the same lake.

Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus), transplanted to the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in northeast Alaska in 1969 and 1970, were studied from April 1982 to April 1986 with the use of radio-telemetry. Forty-five animals were captured, measured, and marked, and 43 were radio-collared. In April 1985, the pre-calving population was estimated to be 352 muskoxen. In November 1985, 476 muskoxen were counted. This transplanted population rapidly expanded since 1976, increasing at a mean annual rate of 22% from 1978-1985. An estimated 111 calves were added to the population between late April and late June 1985. Most calves were born in mid- to late May, but the birth of calves in late June suggested that some cows came into a second estrus. Radio-collared cows calved both annually and in alternate years. A mean reproductive interval of 1.6 years was calculated for 15 radio-collared muskoxen observed for 2 or 3 consecutive years. In early July 1985, 75 calves: 100 cows (3+) were counted among 419 muskox classified. The bull(3+):100 cows (3+) ratio was 65 in 1985. Survival rates of calves and yearlings were high in 1983-1985. Annual loss (mortality and dispersal), including an annual harvest of 4-5 adult bulls, was estimated to be approximately 7-12% in 1983-1986. Muskoxen were most frequently seen in moderately sized mixed-sex herds of 10 to 30 animals, although herds as large as 118 muskoxen were seen. The largest mixed-sex herds were seen in precalving, fall and winter seasons, and mean herd size decreased during the rut. Bulls also occurred in groups of 2-10 and as solitary animals, but small groups of cows or solitary cows were seen only infrequently. Many marked adult bulls did not remain with a herd for long periods of time, but moved from herd to herd. Seasonal use of specific areas was documented and dispersal into new areas also occurred in 1982-1985. Muskoxen were most frequently associated with river and creek drainages except in winter and spring when ridges and hillsides blown free of snow were used by some animals. Use of vegetation types followed a phenological progression with muskox using tussock and low vegetation uplands in May and June, early blooming forbs on river bars in early June, and riparian willow bars after their emergence in late June.

ESM_prevalencePrevalence data from sites (hibernacula, swarm, maternity colonies) affected by white-nose syndrome used to construct figure 2. Time is converted as described in the methods, where 0 represented the first day of fall swarm sampling.ESM_loadsMean load values of individuals at sites (hibernacula, fall swarm, maternity colonies) affected by white-nose syndrome used to construct figure 3. Time is modified as described in the methods where 0 represented the first day of fall swarm sampling. lse is the standard error of the log loads means.

File List populations.txt (md5: 038dfd428dd0506d551784dbbf5dc41c) Description The file populations.txt is a tab-delimited text file containing a summary of populations and demographic rates included in this study.

The data on 'EU foreigners' and 'Non-EU foreigners' for various years was was downloaded for Urban Audit cities from Eurostat, added together and joined spatially with the Urban Audit 2011-14 city centroids, also downloaded from Eurostat (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-units/urban-audit#ua11-14)Subject: people born in a different country to the country of residence may be more vulnerable to climate-related hazards such as heatwaves and flooding. This is because they may not speak the official language, or their knowledge of this language is not sufficient to understand the warnings and communicate with the emergency services. Also, these people may be less familiar with the area and the specificity of climate hazards there. They may often live in rented accommodation, which means that they may not be able to make changes to their dwelling to prepare it better for extreme weather events. Considering the proportion of the population that is foreign-born is thus an important aspects of adaptation planning in a city.

Results of fitting diversification models to the completed data sets for the sigmodontine radiation in Laser and TreePar. Table showing the diversification models fitted to the branching times derived from the 1000 completed data sets generated via CorSiM. For each simulation (#sim) AIC values and Delta AIC are given. AIC values for the best fitting models according AIC are highlighted in bold numbers. Models considered: pure-birth model -PB-, birth-death -BD-, two rate-variable models [logistic density-dependent model and the exponential density-dependent model (DDL and DDX respectively)] and BD2r and Y2r [variants of BD PB models with a rate shift at a certain time “st”]. In the Laser analysis, parameters are abbreviated as follows: λ = speciation rate; μ = extinction rate; r = net diversification rates (speciation-extinction), kd = k-parameter from the DDL model; xp = the x-parameter from the DDX model. In the TreePar analysis: r1 = initial rate and r2 = final rate; a = extinction fraction (extinction/speciation); st = shift time. Mean and standard deviation of AIC, delta AIC and parameters values are given for the entire data set. (XLS 775 kb)

Data and analysis code to accompany the manuscript by Judy P. Che-Castaldo, Kristin Havercamp, Koshiro Watanuki, Tetsuro Matsuzawa, Satoshi Hirata, Stephen R. Ross1. AZAchimpsurvdat_pub.csv - anonymized individual-level survival data for AZA population2. Japanchimpsurvdat_pub.csv - anonymized individual level survival data for Japan population3. wildCompare.csv - age-specific survival rates (lx) from birth for AZA and Japan population, as well as for one wild population from Gombe, Tanzania4. wildCompareAge1.csv - age-specific survival rates (lx) from age 1 for AZA and Japan population, as well as for one wild population from Gombe, Tanzania5. chimp_survival_publish.R - R code using the above datasets to create the analyses and figures presented in manuscript

Association between LSOA-level deprivation and non-White population and TB notification rates in England in 2008–12.