Bitcoin's circulating supply has grown steadily since its inception in 2009, reaching over **** million coins by late July 2025. This gradual increase reflects the cryptocurrency's design, which put a limit of ** million on the total number of bitcoins that can ever exist. This impacts the Bitcoin price somewhat, as its scarcity can lead to volatility on the market. Maximum supply and scarcity Bitcoin is unusual from other cryptocurrencies in that its maximum supply is getting closer. By July 2025, more than ** percent of all possible Bitcoin had been created. That said, Bitcoin's circulating supply is expected to reach its maximum around the year 2140. Meanwhile, mining becomes exponentially more difficult and energy-intensive.

Institutional investors

In 2025, countries like the United States openly started discussion the possibility of buying bitcoins to hold in reserve. By the time of writing, it was unclear whether this would happen. Nevertheless, institutional investors displayed more interest in the cryptocurrency than before. Certain companies owned several thousands of Bitcoin tokens in 2025, for example. This and the limited number of Bitcoin may further fuel price volatility.

Bitcoin is edging closer to reaching its finite, maximum supply, pushing its price up and making it harder to mine. As a rule of thumb, the fewer coins available to the general audience, the higher the value of the cryptocurrency becomes. No more mining is possible when a cryptocurrency reaches its maximum supply. The market price then reflects supply and demand. Bitcoin has a set limit of 21 million coins, the last of which is to be mined around the year 2140 according to a 2017 forecast - with the assumption that the rate of Bitcoin mining halves every 4 years. Why are there so many differences in crypto supply? Cryptocurrency developers can determine whether a coin should have a fixed limit, depending on the blockchain it utilizes or monetary strategies. Ethereum has no maximum supply, meaning miners can create and indefinitely extract this cryptocurrency. This is called an inflationary cryptocurrency, one that continuously inflates the supply. The idea is that the number of tokens in circulation keeps outpacing demand, decreasing overall value. Some coins limit the release of their (indefinite) supply or even destroy (burn) tokens. Such deflationary events took place with LUNA in 2022. The appeal of low-supply cryptocurrency for investors Crypto investors tend to be on the lookout for crypto with limited supply, ideally with low levels. After a token reaches maximum supply, the argument goes, the coin's supply becomes static - miners can no longer create new coins. The demand should continue to grow. A maximum cap, they hope, guarantees value gains. Not many such coins exist. DeFi platform AAVE is an example of a cryptocurrency with a max supply smaller than *** million.

By 2025, the Bitcoin market cap had grown to over ***** billion USD as the cryptocurrency kept growing. Market capitalization is calculated by multiplying the total number of Bitcoins in circulation by the Bitcoin price. The Bitcoin market capitalization increased from approximately *** billion U.S. dollars in 2013 to several times this amount since its surge in popularity. Dominance The Bitcoin market cap takes up a significant portion of the overall cryptocurrency market cap. This is referred to as "dominance". Within the crypto world, this so-called "dominance" ratio is one of the oldest and most investigated metrics available. It measures the coin's market cap relative to the overall crypto market — effectively showing how strong Bitcoin compared to all the other cryptocurrencies that are not BTC, called "altcoins". The Bitcoin dominance was above ** percent. Maximum supply and scarcity Bitcoin is unusual from other cryptocurrencies in that its maximum supply is getting closer. By 2025, well over ** million out of all 21 million possible Bitcoin had been created. Bitcoin's supply is expected to reach its maximum around the year 2140, likely making mining more energy-intensive.

This dataset contains historical price data for Bitcoin (BTC) against the U.S. Dollar (USD), spanning from June 2010 to November 2024. The data is organized on a daily basis and includes key market metrics such as the opening price, closing price, high, low, volume, and market capitalization for each day.

Columns: The dataset consists of the following columns:

Date: The date of the recorded data point (format: YYYY-MM-DD). Open: The opening price of Bitcoin on that day. High: The highest price Bitcoin reached on that day. Low: The lowest price Bitcoin reached on that day. Close: The closing price of Bitcoin on that day. Volume: The total trading volume of Bitcoin during that day. Market Cap: The total market capitalization of Bitcoin on that day (calculated by multiplying the closing price by the circulating supply of Bitcoin at the time). Source: The data is sourced from Yahoo Finance.

Time Period: The data spans from June 2010, when Bitcoin first began trading, to November 2024. This provides a comprehensive view of Bitcoin’s historical price movements, from its early days of trading at a fraction of a cent to its more recent valuation in the thousands of dollars.

Use Cases:

This dataset is valuable for a variety of purposes, including:

Time Series Analysis: Analyze Bitcoin price movements, identify trends, and develop predictive models for future prices. Financial Modeling: Use the dataset to assess Bitcoin as an asset class, model its volatility, or simulate investment strategies. Machine Learning: Train machine learning algorithms to forecast Bitcoin’s future price or predict market trends based on historical data. Economic Research: Study the impact of global events on Bitcoin’s price, such as regulatory changes, technological developments, or macroeconomic factors. Visualization: Generate visualizations of Bitcoin price trends, trading volume, and market capitalization over time.

Ripple, or XRP, circulating supply in January 2025 was more than half of its maximum total supply, even if the cryptocurrency supports billions of tokens. The supply figures shown here start from August 2019 - the oldest available to the source - but XRP was launched in 2013 by U.S. company OpenLabs, which renamed itself into Ripple Labs. It ranks among the top cryptocurrencies based on market cap, as the XRP token is designed around payment settlement and transaction speed. The company Ripple faced charges in 2020 from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which led to a 125 million U.S. dollar fine in August 2024 as the company was sentenced for violating investor-protection laws. The SEC appealed this decision, deeming the sentence too low. The results of the U.S. elections in November 2024, however, and the announced changes to the leadership of the SEC, made crypto investors believe that the case against Ripple Labs might be dropped in January 2025.

The staking values of both Solana and Cardano made up around 70 percent of their circulating supply, a percentage significantly higher than for Ethereum. This difference stems from how the cryptocurrencies are created. Ethereum 1.0, similar to Bitcoin, relies on a mechanism called "Proof-of-Work" or PoW, and is similar to mining: Lots of processing power is used to verify transactions on the blockchain and those who do all that verification work — the "miners" — get rewarded with a predetermined amount of crypto. As this process became more energy-consuming and too complicated for individuals to perform — alongside the rapid growth of decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols that demanded even more verifications — another mechanism appeared: "Proof-of-Stake" or POS. Here, people — or "validators" — commit — or "stake" — their own cryptocurrency in an automated system — often a wallet, where people will simply hold their crypto — which at certain times will randomly pick a person who gets to validate a batch of blockchain transactions. Same as before, validation leads to new cryptocurrency as a reward — essentially acting as interest after initial investment. As the amount of crypto needed can be considerable, there are also so-called "staking pools" where groups of people gather the coins needed for — or "delegate" to — an external validator, and still get the rewards. Cardano and Solana only use proof of stake, whereas the relatively new Ethereum 2.0 is also relying on it.

By July 2024, over *** million Solana tokens were issued and in active circulation - but new coins arrive slowly. Although the cryptocurrency has an unlimited supply - unlike Bitcoin, of which there can only be ** million tokens and not a single more - the Solana blockchain only issues a set amount of new tokens at the beginning of each year. This issuance is based off the year-to-year inflation rate, and can therefore vary. When SOL first launched, there was a maximum supply of around *** million, but the blockchain burned (erased from the blockchain) ** million of them. By December 2021, the maximum supply was around *** million SOL.

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By November 2021, over ** billion Cardano tokens were issued and in active circulation - getting closer to the coin's maximum supply. Similar to Bitcoin but unlike Ethereum, the ADA token has a fixed supply limit with only ** billion cryptocurrencies being able to ever exist in the coin's lifetime. Whilst this does not necessarily mean the Cardano price will go up, a limited supply could help to fuel demand whilst the tokens are still generally available.

In May 2022, over ***** billion Terra Classic – the 1.0 version of LUNA - tokens were issued and went into active circulation in a few days. The cryptocurrency’s built-in algorithm triggered this correction following the coin’s significant price drop that month. Terra’s algorithm would "burn" (permanently destroying) LUNA so that it created something else instead: TerraUSD (UST), a stablecoin within the same blockchain. This automated system was meant to keep the price of UST level, potentially avoiding economic sentiment. Because of this initial promise of stability, Terra and its two coins initially played a significant role in crypto lending. The poster child of algorithmic stablecoins Up until May 2022, TerraUSD (UST) was the biggest stablecoin that functioned with an algorithm. At the end of April 2022, the market cap of TerraUSD – now TerraClassicUSD – was *** times larger than what it was one month later, comparable in size to Binance USD. Algorithmic stablecoins are relatively new and, as most stablecoins, have an external asset as collateral. Several of the biggest stablecoins in the world, for example, are backed by real-world U.S. dollar assets, such as cash or securities. Others – such as DAI – rely on the backing of other cryptocurrencies, such as Ethereum (ETH). TerraUSD had little to no backing, relying on a closed ecosystem. Reset or revival: The LUNA (2.0) aftermath Terra got reset on May 28, 2022: A new *** coin released – taking over the Terra (LUNA) name - whilst the "original" crypto was abandoned and became Terra Classic (LUNC). TerraUSD (UST) remained but became TerraClassicUSD (USTC). Several of the *** LUNA holders, however, hoped for a different solution, rather seeing the (***) coin’s supply be bought back by the company who issued them. The company would then burn them, hopefully restoring the price of the original LUNA. Do Kown, the CEO of the Terra system, stated his company did not have the funds for such a big undertaking. He instead shared a blockchain address on Twitter where individuals could burn their tokens themselves. By June 2022, roughly **** LUNA tokens were destroyed that way – a burn rate of roughly ***** percent compared to the overall circulating supply.

The average energy consumption for one single Bitcoin transaction in 2025 could equal several hundreds of thousands of VISA card transactions. This according to a source that tries to estimate the energy consumption of both Bitcoin (BTC) over time. It does so by estimating how much income miners possibly spend on electricity, as there is no institution that tracks how much energy the cryptocurrency actually consumes. This also applies to which countries mine the most Bitcoin, as this is estimated by cross referencing IP addresses. A matter of design: why Bitcoin consumes so much energy Of all the 21 million Bitcoins that can exist at the same time, nearly 90 percent was already mined in mid-2021. This, however, does not necessarily mean that the Bitcoin supply is running out as the last Bitcoin was forecast to be mined around the year 2140. This is a design choice in the cryptocurrency: The closer Bitcoin gets to its supply limits, the computing power – and therefore energy - needed to mine goes up incrementally. The BTC mining difficulty or amount of computing power being applied to mine Bitcoin reflects that: Bitcoin mining in, say, 2014 – when there were less Bitcoin in circulation - was easier and less energy consuming than in 2021. By then, there were significantly more coins in circulation and the cryptocurrency’s design essentially tries to halt the creation of more. China’s doubts on whether Bitcoin is green Over the course of 2021, the price of Bitcoin was over 60,000 U.S. dollars but by the summer only half of that amount remained. This was partially caused by China’s Financial Stability and Development Committee trying to curb domestic crypto mining since May 2021 – which led some to doubt whether there was a future for the cryptocurrency. China’s efforts are said to have been triggered due to remote mining farms demanding so much electricity that idle coal mines were restarted without government approval. Whilst this was never confirmed, China is generally seen as the most coal consuming country in the world.

Ripple, or XRP, prices surged in 2021 but went down significantly as 2022 progressed. As of July 30, 2025, one XRP token was worth 3.13 U.S. dollars. Ethereum's price, for example, kept on reaching new all-time highs, a feat not performed by XRP. Indeed, XRP's price spikes followed relatively late - only occurring in early 2021, against late 2020 for most other cryptos - after the US SEC filed a legal complaint against Ripple in November 2020. This legal action caused the XRP price to plummet from around 0.70 U.S. dollars to 0.20 U.S. dollars.Ripple versus XRP: two become oneTechnically speaking, Ripple is not a cryptocurrency. Renamed from a protocol called OpenCoin in 2013, Ripple facilitates open-source payments. XRP, on the other hand, is the cryptocurrency that runs on this network. In that sense, Ripple and XRP have a similar symbiosis to each other, like the Ethereum network and its cryptocurrency, Ether. Unlike Ethereum - whose price changes are connected to the world of Decentralized Finance or DeFI - Ripple/XRP mostly looks at developments in cross-border payments for companies. In 2020, companies worldwide began to favor fintech solutions for future B2B solutions and, in a way, Ripple is an extension of that.What affects the price of Ripple?Ripple is mostly active in Southeast Asia - a region with a splintered payment landscape and that heavily investigates its own types of state-issued cryptocurrency to make cross-border payments a lot easier. Price spikes tend to follow news on this topic in this specific region. In 2019, for example, the XRP price grew after Japan and South Korea began testing to reduce time and costs for transferring international funds between the two countries. In March 2021, Ripple announced that it had agreed to acquire 40 percent of Malaysian cross-border payments firm Tranglo to meet growing demand in Southeast Asia.

The Litecoin cryptocurrency peaked in both 2017 and 2020, reaching prices worth around 250 dollars, but did not reach this by 2022. As of July 30, 2025, one Litecoin token was worth 108.52 U.S. dollars. Litecoin's price was relatively volatile recently, revealing high price swings between months.What is a cryptocurrency?Cryptocurrencies are digital currencies that do not have a centralized regulating authority. The first of these, Bitcoin, introduced a technology called blockchain, in which a distributed ledger records every transaction on every bitcoin in circulation to prevent fraud. Litecoin also uses this technology. To accommodate the demands of constant ledger updates, users sell computational power in exchange for an amount of Litecoin, a process known as mining.More about LitecoinCryptocurrencies are still an emerging technology, and few are using them for transactions. As such, most users are speculators who look at the value of all coins in circulation as the market capitalization rather than money supply. Still, the average number of Litecoin transactions ranges in the tens of thousands, meaning that the cryptocurrency has a substantial financial footprint.