By 2025, the Bitcoin market cap had grown to over ***** billion USD as the cryptocurrency kept growing. Market capitalization is calculated by multiplying the total number of Bitcoins in circulation by the Bitcoin price. The Bitcoin market capitalization increased from approximately *** billion U.S. dollars in 2013 to several times this amount since its surge in popularity. Dominance The Bitcoin market cap takes up a significant portion of the overall cryptocurrency market cap. This is referred to as "dominance". Within the crypto world, this so-called "dominance" ratio is one of the oldest and most investigated metrics available. It measures the coin's market cap relative to the overall crypto market — effectively showing how strong Bitcoin compared to all the other cryptocurrencies that are not BTC, called "altcoins". The Bitcoin dominance was above ** percent. Maximum supply and scarcity Bitcoin is unusual from other cryptocurrencies in that its maximum supply is getting closer. By 2025, well over ** million out of all 21 million possible Bitcoin had been created. Bitcoin's supply is expected to reach its maximum around the year 2140, likely making mining more energy-intensive.

It is estimated that the cumulative market cap of cryptocurrencies increased in early 2023 after the downfall in November 2022 due to FTX. That value declined in the summer of 2023, however, as international uncertainty grew over a potential recession. Bitcoin's market cap comprised the majority of the overall market capitalization. What is market cap? Market capitalization is a financial measure typically used for publicly traded firms, computed by multiplying the share price by the number of outstanding shares. However, cryptocurrency analysts calculate it as the price of the virtual currencies times the number of coins in the market. This gives cryptocurrency investors an idea of the overall market size, and watching the evolution of the measure tells how much money is flowing in or out of each cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency as an investment The price of Bitcoin has been erratic, and most other cryptocurrencies follow its larger price swings. This volatility attracts investors who hope to buy when the price is low and sell at its peak, turning a profit. However, this does little for price stability. As such, few firms accept payment in cryptocurrencies. As of June 25, 2025, the cumulative market cap of cryptocurrencies reached a value of ******.

The market cap of the top 10 stablecoin initially multiplied over time, reaching a combined value of over *** billion USD in May 2025. Note this value does not include TerraUSD (UST), the algorithmic stablecoin tied to the LUNA crypto which declined severely in May 2022. Up to then, estimates reveal that the market cap had more than tripled within five months - likely following growing interest worldwide in cryptocurrencies, after sudden price spikes in a coin like Dogecoin (DOGE). Stability above all, or what does a stablecoin do? Stablecoins are cryptocurrencies - like the commonly known Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH) - but their value is determined differently. Whilst the price of Bitcoin mainly follows supply - how many coins are being mined or are available to purchase - and demand - how many investors want to buy the coin - stablecoins are synthetically connected to the price of an altogether different asset. Tether's USDT, for instance, is connected to the price development of the U.S. dollar (USD): if the U.S. dollar falls in the FX market, so does the USDT. Compare this to the "regular" price history of a cryptocurrency like Ripple (XRP) and stablecoins reveal themselves to be a relatively less volatile digital currency to either use or invest in than their counterparts in the free market. A test ground for digital payments This stability of these particular cryptocurrencies is important for two areas in digital payments that do not prefer volatility. For instance, these coins are a popular choice within the world of Decentralized Finance or DeFi - an online financial market without the supervision of central bank that relies on cryptocurrencies for payments and loans. Because of that reliance, it is a market that can rapidly change in size due to price fluctuations or changing transaction fees of certain cryptocurrencies - something that is less likely to occur when using stablecoins. Additionally, stablecoins are considered the inspiration for so-called CBDC or Central Bank Digital Currencies - such as China's e-CNY currency or the "digital euro" that is being researched in the EU-27. In terms of how advanced countries worldwide are into researching their own cryptocurrency, China ranked third in 2020, behind Cambodia, and The Bahamas.

The market cap of NFT, or non-fungible tokens, shows a fast moving development, growing more than 3,000 percent between 2020 and 2021. The source of these figures states that coming up with a market capitalization for a market this young is "a tricky exercise" and even mentions this particular estimate is "conservative". The volatile nature of developments in this new market can also be seen in the transaction volume of NFT for various segments as well as the market size of NFT within the same segments: Transactions declined for gaming, whilst value grew for arts. This latter aspect was demonstrated in early 2021, when an NFT digital artwork was sold in an auction for roughly 69 million U.S. dollars - making it the third-most expensive art piece ever sold from a living artist.

Blockchain approved: the application of NFT Non-fungible tokens refer to unique, non-transferable digital assets stored in blockchain. This one-of-a-kind asset is something that cannot be tinkered with, but can still be traded as an asset or bought with a cryptocurrency such as Ethereum. Essentially, this makes an NFT a digital certificate of authenticity: The token serves as a unique code connected to a file, allowing to distinguish the original file from copies floating around on the Internet. This relatively new technology allows for various applications. Several famous examples of where NFT was used include the aforementioned 69m USD auction sale, Twitter founder Jack Dorsey selling his very first tweet through NFT marketplace Valuables or sports platform Top Shot - where basketball fans can buy and collect packs of NBA highlights. NFT is also used for investments, with an investor specializing in this technology ranking among Europe's biggest Fintech investors in the seed stage.

2021: the cryptocurrency Renaissance The NFT art auction occurred in a year where the price of several cryptocurrencies grew significantly, and general interest in crypto or blockchain reached new heights. The price for a single Bitcoin, for instance, hit an all-time high of 60,000 U.S. dollars in March 2021, slightly over a month after Tesla announced it had bought 1.5 billion U.S. dollars worth of the world's most well-known cryptocurrency and it planned to accept Bitcoin as a payment method for its Model 3 car.

The dataset of this paper is collected based on Google, Blockchain, and the Bitcoin market. Generally, there is a total of 26 features, however, a feature whose correlation rate is lower than 0.3 between the variations of price and the variations of feature has been eliminated. Hence, a total of 21 practical features including Market capitalization, Trade-volume, Transaction-fees USD, Average confirmation time, Difficulty, High price, Low price, Total hash rate, Block-size, Miners-revenue, N-transactions-total, Google searches, Open price, N-payments-per Block, Total circulating Bitcoin, Cost-per-transaction percent, Fees-USD-per transaction, N-unique-addresses, N-transactions-per block, and Output-volume have been selected. In addition to the values of these features, for each feature, a new one is created that includes the difference between the previous day and the day before the previous day as a supportive feature. From the point of view of the number and history of the dataset used, a total of 1275 training data were used in the proposed model to extract patterns of Bitcoin price and they were collected from 12 Nov 2018 to 4 Jun 2021.

Bitcoin dominance steadily declined in April 2024 to below ** percent, amid rumors of central banks halting or potentially lowering interest rates in the future. Within the crypto world, this so-called "dominance" ratio is one of the oldest and most investigated metrics available. It measures the coin's market cap relative to the overall crypto market — effectively showing how strong Bitcoin compared to all the other cryptocurrencies that are not BTC, called "altcoins". Why dominance matters is because market caps of any crypto can change relatively quickly, either due to sudden price changes or a change of recorded trading volume. Essentially, the figure somewhat resembles a trading sentiment, revealing whether Bitcoin investors are responding to certain events or whether Bitcoin is losing out on functions offered by, for example, stablecoins or NFT tokens. "Dominance" criticism: Ethereum and stablecoin The interpretation of the Bitcoin metric is not without its criticism. When first conceived, Bitcoin was the first cryptocurrency to be created and had a substantial market share within all cryptocurrencies? The overall share of stablecoins, such as Tether, as well as Ethereum increasingly start to resemble that of Bitcoin, however. Some analysts argue against this comparison. For one, they point towards the large influence of trading activity between Bitcoin and Ethereum in the dominance metric. Second, they argue that stablecoins can be traded in for Bitcoin and Ethereum, essentially showing how much investors are willing to engage with "regular" cryptocurrency. A rally around Bitcoin in late 2023? By December 2023, the Bitcoin price reached roughly 41,000 U.S. dollars — the first time in 20 months such a value was reached. A weaker U.S. dollar, speculation on decreasing interest rates, and a potential Bitcoin ETF approval are believed to be at the heart of this price increase. Whether this will hold in 2024 is unclear: The monthly interest rate from the U.S. Fed is speculated to decrease in 2024, despite a vow of "higher for longer". In December 2023, the thought of decreasing interest rates and the potential of a Bitcoin ETF fuelled market sentiment towards riskier assets.

The market cap of Ripple, or XRP, grew substantially in November 2024, after the results of the United States elections. At the beginning of 2024, the cryptocurrency had a market capitalization of around ** billion U.S. dollars. One year later, this had changed to *** billion U.S. dollars. The company Ripple faced charges in 2020 from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which led to a *** million U.S. dollar fine in August 2024 as the company was sentenced for violating investor-protection laws. The SEC appealed this decision, deeming the sentence too low. The results of the U.S. elections in November 2024, however, and the announced changes to the leadership of the SEC, made crypto investors believe that the case against Ripple Labs might be dropped in January 2025.

This dataset contains historical price data for the top global cryptocurrencies, sourced from Yahoo Finance. The data spans the following time frames for each cryptocurrency:

BTC-USD (Bitcoin): From 2014 to December 2024 ETH-USD (Ethereum): From 2017 to December 2024 XRP-USD (Ripple): From 2017 to December 2024 USDT-USD (Tether): From 2017 to December 2024 SOL-USD (Solana): From 2020 to December 2024 BNB-USD (Binance Coin): From 2017 to December 2024 DOGE-USD (Dogecoin): From 2017 to December 2024 USDC-USD (USD Coin): From 2018 to December 2024 ADA-USD (Cardano): From 2017 to December 2024 STETH-USD (Staked Ethereum): From 2020 to December 2024

Key Features:

Date: The date of the record. Open: The opening price of the cryptocurrency on that day. High: The highest price during the day. Low: The lowest price during the day. Close: The closing price of the cryptocurrency on that day. Adj Close: The adjusted closing price, factoring in stock splits or dividends (for stablecoins like USDT and USDC, this value should be the same as the closing price). Volume: The trading volume for that day.

Data Source:

The dataset is sourced from Yahoo Finance and spans daily data from 2014 to December 2024, offering a rich set of data points for cryptocurrency analysis.

Use Cases:

Market Analysis: Analyze price trends and historical market behavior of leading cryptocurrencies. Price Prediction: Use the data to build predictive models, such as time-series forecasting for future price movements. Backtesting: Test trading strategies and financial models on historical data. Volatility Analysis: Assess the volatility of top cryptocurrencies to gauge market risk. Overview of the Cryptocurrencies in the Dataset: Bitcoin (BTC): The pioneer cryptocurrency, often referred to as digital gold and used as a store of value. Ethereum (ETH): A decentralized platform for building smart contracts and decentralized applications (DApps). Ripple (XRP): A payment protocol focused on enabling fast and low-cost international transfers. Tether (USDT): A popular stablecoin pegged to the US Dollar, providing price stability for trading and transactions. Solana (SOL): A high-speed blockchain known for low transaction fees and scalability, often seen as a competitor to Ethereum. Binance Coin (BNB): The native token of Binance, the world's largest cryptocurrency exchange, used for various purposes within the Binance ecosystem. Dogecoin (DOGE): Initially a meme-inspired coin, Dogecoin has gained a strong community and mainstream popularity. USD Coin (USDC): A fully-backed stablecoin pegged to the US Dollar, commonly used in decentralized finance (DeFi) applications. Cardano (ADA): A proof-of-stake blockchain focused on scalability, sustainability, and security. Staked Ethereum (STETH): A token representing Ethereum staked in the Ethereum 2.0 network, earning staking rewards.

This dataset provides a comprehensive overview of key cryptocurrencies that have shaped and continue to influence the digital asset market. Whether you're conducting research, building prediction models, or analyzing trends, this dataset is an essential resource for understanding the evolution of cryptocurrencies from 2014 to December 2024.

The value of equity fundraising of crypto companies worldwide decreased from **** billion U.S. dollars in 2018 to **** billion U.S. dollars in 2019.

In April 2021, the Ethereum market cap reached new heights and grew to over *** billion U.S. dollars - the first time this cryptocurrency achieved that feat. The market capitalization in August 2020 was half this amount. Market capitalization is calculated by multiplying the total number of Ethereum in circulation by the Ethereum price. Compared to the Bitcoin market capitalization, however, Ethereum was not yet as popular.

Analysis of ‘Crypto Fear and Greed Index’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/adelsondias/crypto-fear-and-greed-index on 13 February 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Crypto Fear and Greed Index

Each day, the website https://alternative.me/crypto/fear-and-greed-index/ publishes this index based on analysis of emotions and sentiments from different sources crunched into one simple number: The Fear & Greed Index for Bitcoin and other large cryptocurrencies.

Why Measure Fear and Greed?

The crypto market behaviour is very emotional. People tend to get greedy when the market is rising which results in FOMO (Fear of missing out). Also, people often sell their coins in irrational reaction of seeing red numbers. With our Fear and Greed Index, we try to save you from your own emotional overreactions. There are two simple assumptions:

• Extreme fear can be a sign that investors are too worried. That could be a buying opportunity.
• When Investors are getting too greedy, that means the market is due for a correction.

Therefore, we analyze the current sentiment of the Bitcoin market and crunch the numbers into a simple meter from 0 to 100. Zero means "Extreme Fear", while 100 means "Extreme Greed". See below for further information on our data sources.

Data Sources

We are gathering data from the five following sources. Each data point is valued the same as the day before in order to visualize a meaningful progress in sentiment change of the crypto market.

First of all, the current index is for bitcoin only (we offer separate indices for large alt coins soon), because a big part of it is the volatility of the coin price.

But let’s list all the different factors we’re including in the current index:

Volatility (25 %)

We’re measuring the current volatility and max. drawdowns of bitcoin and compare it with the corresponding average values of the last 30 days and 90 days. We argue that an unusual rise in volatility is a sign of a fearful market.

Market Momentum/Volume (25%)

Also, we’re measuring the current volume and market momentum (again in comparison with the last 30/90 day average values) and put those two values together. Generally, when we see high buying volumes in a positive market on a daily basis, we conclude that the market acts overly greedy / too bullish.

Social Media (15%)

While our reddit sentiment analysis is still not in the live index (we’re still experimenting some market-related key words in the text processing algorithm), our twitter analysis is running. There, we gather and count posts on various hashtags for each coin (publicly, we show only those for Bitcoin) and check how fast and how many interactions they receive in certain time frames). A unusual high interaction rate results in a grown public interest in the coin and in our eyes, corresponds to a greedy market behaviour.

Surveys (15%) currently paused

Together with strawpoll.com (disclaimer: we own this site, too), quite a large public polling platform, we’re conducting weekly crypto polls and ask people how they see the market. Usually, we’re seeing 2,000 - 3,000 votes on each poll, so we do get a picture of the sentiment of a group of crypto investors. We don’t give those results too much attention, but it was quite useful in the beginning of our studies. You can see some recent results here.

Dominance (10%)

The dominance of a coin resembles the market cap share of the whole crypto market. Especially for Bitcoin, we think that a rise in Bitcoin dominance is caused by a fear of (and thus a reduction of) too speculative alt-coin investments, since Bitcoin is becoming more and more the safe haven of crypto. On the other side, when Bitcoin dominance shrinks, people are getting more greedy by investing in more risky alt-coins, dreaming of their chance in next big bull run. Anyhow, analyzing the dominance for a coin other than Bitcoin, you could argue the other way round, since more interest in an alt-coin may conclude a bullish/greedy behaviour for that specific coin.

Trends (10%)

We pull Google Trends data for various Bitcoin related search queries and crunch those numbers, especially the change of search volumes as well as recommended other currently popular searches. For example, if you check Google Trends for "Bitcoin", you can’t get much information from the search volume. But currently, you can see that there is currently a +1,550% rise of the query „bitcoin price manipulation“ in the box of related search queries (as of 05/29/2018). This is clearly a sign of fear in the market, and we use that for our index.

There's a story behind every dataset and here's your opportunity to share yours.

Copyright disclaimer

This dataset is produced and maintained by the administrators of https://alternative.me/crypto/fear-and-greed-index/.

This published version is an unofficial copy of their data, which can be also collected using their API (e.g., GET https://api.alternative.me/fng/?limit=10&format=csv&date_format=us).

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Historical holdings data showing quarterly positions, market values, shares held, and portfolio percentages for AEL held by BTC Capital Management Inc from Q1 2018 to Q3 2020

Dogecoin's market cap grew six-fold in January 2021 after tweets from Tesla CEO Elon Musk, and has kept on growing since. By February 2021, the market cap of the cryptocurrency based on the famous internet meme had already doubled again. Compared to both the Bitcoin market capitalization as well as the Ethereum market cap, Dogecoin was not as popular.

Historical holdings data showing quarterly positions, market values, shares held, and portfolio percentages for OZRK held by BTC Capital Management Inc from Q1 2018 to Q3 2018

Historical holdings data showing quarterly positions, market values, shares held, and portfolio percentages for MAC held by BTC Capital Management Inc from Q2 2018 to Q4 2019

In 2021 Binance's cryptocurrency reached a market cap of more than 90 billion U.S. dollars twice, after being worth less than 7 billion in 2020. Indeed, the digital coin's market cap rally in 2021 places it in the top three of cryptocurrencies with the highest market cap. The latest increase follows after the BNB price increased due to speculation that the demand for the coin would increase as Binance created a one billion U.S. dollar fund for new DeFi (decentralized finance) applications to be built within their own blockchain - called Binance Smart Chain or BSC.

Historical holdings data showing quarterly positions, market values, shares held, and portfolio percentages for VMC held by BTC Capital Management Inc from Q2 2015 to Q4 2018

Litecoin's market cap in early 2020 was the highest ever-recorded, topping over ten billion U.S. dollars and a value that had increased by 100 percent since August 2020. Market capitalization figures are calculated by multiplying the total number of Litecoin in circulation by the Litecoin price. Compared to both the Bitcoin market capitalization as well as the Ethereum market cap, though, Litecoin's figures were significantly smaller.

The global blockchain technology market size was estimated at USD 31.28 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 1,431.54 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 90.1% from 2025 to 2030

Historical holdings data showing quarterly positions, market values, shares held, and portfolio percentages for AVGO held by BTC Capital Management Inc from Q1 2016 to Q2 2018