The Bitcoin (BTC) price again reached an all-time high in 2025, as values exceeded over 115,970.58 USD on September 14, 2025. Price hikes in early 2025 were connected to the approval of Bitcoin ETFs in the United States, while previous hikes in 2021 were due to events involving Tesla and Coinbase, respectively. Tesla's announcement in March 2021 that it had acquired 1.5 billion U.S. dollars' worth of the digital coin, for example, as well as the IPO of the U.S.'s biggest crypto exchange, fueled mass interest. The market was noticeably different by the end of 2022, however, after another crypto exchange, FTX, filed for bankruptcy.Is the world running out of Bitcoin?Unlike fiat currency like the U.S. dollar - as the Federal Reserve can simply decide to print more banknotes - Bitcoin's supply is finite: BTC has a maximum supply embedded in its design, of which roughly 89 percent had been reached in April 2021. It is believed that Bitcoin will run out by 2040, despite more powerful mining equipment. This is because mining becomes exponentially more difficult and power-hungry every four years, a part of Bitcoin's original design. Because of this, a Bitcoin mining transaction could equal the energy consumption of a small country in 2021.Bitcoin's price outlook: a potential bubble?Cryptocurrencies have few metrics available that allow for forecasting, if only because it is rumored that only a few cryptocurrency holders own a large portion of the available supply. These large holders - referred to as 'whales'-are' said to make up two percent of anonymous ownership accounts, while owning roughly 92 percent of BTC. On top of this, most people who use cryptocurrency-related services worldwide are retail clients rather than institutional investors. This means outlooks on whether Bitcoin prices will fall or grow are difficult to measure, as movements from one large whale are already having a significant impact on this market.

By 2025, the Bitcoin market cap had grown to over ******** billion USD as the cryptocurrency kept growing. Market capitalization is calculated by multiplying the total number of Bitcoins in circulation by the Bitcoin price. The Bitcoin market capitalization increased from approximately *** billion U.S. dollars in 2013 to several times this amount since its surge in popularity. Dominance The Bitcoin market cap takes up a significant portion of the overall cryptocurrency market cap. This is referred to as "dominance". Within the crypto world, this so-called "dominance" ratio is one of the oldest and most investigated metrics available. It measures the coin's market cap relative to the overall crypto market — effectively showing how strong Bitcoin compared to all the other cryptocurrencies that are not BTC, called "altcoins". The Bitcoin dominance was above ** percent. Maximum supply and scarcity Bitcoin is unusual from other cryptocurrencies in that its maximum supply is getting closer. By 2025, well over ** million out of all 21 million possible Bitcoin had been created. Bitcoin's supply is expected to reach its maximum around the year 2140, likely making mining more energy-intensive.

Prices for BTCUSD Bitcoin US Dollar including live quotes, historical charts and news. BTCUSD Bitcoin US Dollar was last updated by Trading Economics this September 16 of 2025.

In March 2024 Bitcoin BTC reached a new all-time high with prices exceeding 73000 USD marking a milestone for the cryptocurrency market This surge was due to the approval of Bitcoin exchange-traded funds ETFs in the United States allowing investors to access Bitcoin without directly holding it This development increased Bitcoin’s credibility and brought fresh demand from institutional investors echoing previous price surges in 2021 when Tesla announced its 15 billion investment in Bitcoin and Coinbase was listed on the Nasdaq By the end of 2022 Bitcoin prices dropped sharply to 15000 USD following the collapse of cryptocurrency exchange FTX and its bankruptcy which caused a loss of confidence in the market By August 2024 Bitcoin rebounded to approximately 64178 USD but remained volatile due to inflation and interest rate hikes Unlike fiat currency like the US dollar Bitcoin’s supply is finite with 21 million coins as its maximum supply By September 2024 over 92 percent of Bitcoin had been mined Bitcoin’s value is tied to its scarcity and its mining process is regulated through halving events which cut the reward for mining every four years making it harder and more energy-intensive to mine The next halving event in 2024 will reduce the reward to 3125 BTC from its current 625 BTC The final Bitcoin is expected to be mined around 2140 The energy required to mine Bitcoin has led to criticisms about its environmental impact with estimates in 2021 suggesting that one Bitcoin transaction used as much energy as Argentina Bitcoin’s future price is difficult to predict due to the influence of large holders known as whales who own about 92 percent of all Bitcoin These whales can cause dramatic market swings by making large trades and many retail investors still dominate the market While institutional interest has grown it remains a small fraction compared to retail Bitcoin is vulnerable to external factors like regulatory changes and economic crises leading some to believe it is in a speculative bubble However others argue that Bitcoin is still in its early stages of adoption and will grow further as more institutions and governments recognize its potential as a hedge against inflation and a store of value 2024 has also seen the rise of Bitcoin Layer 2 technologies like the Lightning Network which improve scalability by enabling faster and cheaper transactions These innovations are crucial for Bitcoin’s wider adoption especially for day-to-day use and cross-border remittances At the same time central bank digital currencies CBDCs are gaining traction as several governments including China and the European Union have accelerated the development of their own state-controlled digital currencies while Bitcoin remains decentralized offering financial sovereignty for those who prefer independence from government control The rise of CBDCs is expected to increase interest in Bitcoin as a hedge against these centralized currencies Bitcoin’s journey in 2024 highlights its growing institutional acceptance alongside its inherent market volatility While the approval of Bitcoin ETFs has significantly boosted interest the market remains sensitive to events like exchange collapses and regulatory decisions With the limited supply of Bitcoin and improvements in its transaction efficiency it is expected to remain a key player in the financial world for years to come Whether Bitcoin is currently in a speculative bubble or on a sustainable path to greater adoption will ultimately be revealed over time.

View daily updates and historical trends for Bitcoin Market Cap. Source: Blockchain.com. Track economic data with YCharts analytics.

It is estimated that the cumulative market cap of cryptocurrencies increased in early 2023 after the downfall in November 2022 due to FTX. That value declined in the summer of 2023, however, as international uncertainty grew over a potential recession. Bitcoin's market cap comprised the majority of the overall market capitalization. What is market cap? Market capitalization is a financial measure typically used for publicly traded firms, computed by multiplying the share price by the number of outstanding shares. However, cryptocurrency analysts calculate it as the price of the virtual currencies times the number of coins in the market. This gives cryptocurrency investors an idea of the overall market size, and watching the evolution of the measure tells how much money is flowing in or out of each cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency as an investment The price of Bitcoin has been erratic, and most other cryptocurrencies follow its larger price swings. This volatility attracts investors who hope to buy when the price is low and sell at its peak, turning a profit. However, this does little for price stability. As such, few firms accept payment in cryptocurrencies. As of October 01, 2025, the cumulative market cap of cryptocurrencies reached a value of *******.

Graph and download economic data for Coinbase Bitcoin (CBBTCUSD) from 2014-12-01 to 2025-10-03 about cryptocurrency and USA.

Bitcoin's circulating supply has grown steadily since its inception in 2009, reaching over **** million coins by late July 2025. This gradual increase reflects the cryptocurrency's design, which put a limit of ** million on the total number of bitcoins that can ever exist. This impacts the Bitcoin price somewhat, as its scarcity can lead to volatility on the market. Maximum supply and scarcity Bitcoin is unusual from other cryptocurrencies in that its maximum supply is getting closer. By July 2025, more than ** percent of all possible Bitcoin had been created. That said, Bitcoin's circulating supply is expected to reach its maximum around the year 2140. Meanwhile, mining becomes exponentially more difficult and energy-intensive. Institutional investors In 2025, countries like the United States openly started discussing the possibility of buying bitcoins to hold in reserve. By the time of writing, it was unclear whether this would happen. Nevertheless, institutional investors displayed more interest in the cryptocurrency than before. Certain companies owned several thousands of Bitcoin tokens in 2025, for example. This and the limited number of Bitcoin may further fuel price volatility.

The global user base of cryptocurrencies increased by nearly *** percent between 2018 and 2020, only to accelerate further in 2022. This is according to calculations from various sources, based on information from trading platforms and on-chain wallets. Increasing demographics might initially be attributed to a rise in the number of accounts and improvements in identification. In 2021, however, crypto adoption continued as companies like Tesla and Mastercard announced their interest in cryptocurrency. Consumers in Africa, Asia, and South America were most likely to be owners of cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, in 2022. How many of these users have Bitcoin? User figures for individual cryptocurrencies are unavailable. Bitcoin, for instance, was created not to be tracked by banks and governments. What comes closest is the trading volume of Bitcoin against domestic fiat currencies. The source assumed, however, that UK residents were the most likely to make Bitcoin transactions with British pounds. This assumption might not be accurate for popular fiat currencies worldwide. Moreover, coins such as Tether or Binance Coin - referred to as "stablecoins"—are" often used to buy and sell Bitcoin. Those coins were not included in that particular statistic. Wallet usage declined Total crypto wallet downloads were significantly lower in 2022 than in 2021. The number of downloads of Coinbase, Blockchain.com, and MetaMask, among others, declined as the market hit a "crypto winter" over the year. The crypto market also suffered bad press when FTX, one of the largest crypto exchanges based on market share, collapsed in November 2022. Binance, on the other hand, regained some of the market share it had lost between September and October 2022, growing by *** percentage points in November. As of 2025, the highest forecast for the global user base of cryptocurrencies is projected to reach *** million.

Prices for BTCNZD Bitcoin New Zealand Dollar including live quotes, historical charts and news. BTCNZD Bitcoin New Zealand Dollar was last updated by Trading Economics this October 4 of 2025.

View daily updates and historical trends for Bitcoin Transactions Per Day. Source: Blockchain.com. Track economic data with YCharts analytics.

View daily updates and historical trends for Bitcoin Blockchain Size. Source: Blockchain.com. Track economic data with YCharts analytics.

Bitcoin's blockchain size was close to reaching 664.32 gigabytes in August 2025, as the database saw exponential growth by nearly one gigabyte every few days. The Bitcoin blockchain contains a continuously growing and tamper-evident list of all Bitcoin transactions and records since its initial release in January 2009. Bitcoin has a set limit of 21 million coins, the last of which will be mined around 2140, according to a forecast made in 2017. Bitcoin mining: A somewhat uncharted world Despite interest in the topic, there are few accurate figures on how big Bitcoin mining is on a country-by-country basis. Bitcoin's design philosophy is at the heart of this. Created out of protest against governments and central banks, Bitcoin's blockchain effectively hides both the country of origin and the destination country within a (mining) transaction. Research involving IP addresses placed the United States as the world's most Bitcoin mining country in 2022, but the source admits IP addresses can easily be manipulated using VPN. Note that mining figures are different from figures on Bitcoin trading: Africa and Latin America were more interested in buying and selling BTC than some of the world's developed economies. Bitcoin developments Bitcoin's trade volume slowed in the second quarter of 2023 after hitting a noticeable growth at the beginning of the year. The coin outperformed most of the market. Some attribute this to the announcement in June 2023 that BlackRock filed for a Bitcoin ETF. This iShares Bitcoin Trust was to use Coinbase Custody as its custodian. Regulators in the United States had not yet approved any applications for spot ETFs on Bitcoin.

View daily updates and historical trends for Bitcoin Average Transaction Fee. Source: Blockchain.com. Track economic data with YCharts analytics.

Snapshot img

Cryptocurrency Market Size 2025-2029

The cryptocurrency market size is valued to increase USD 39.75 billion, at a CAGR of 16.7% from 2024 to 2029. Rising investment in digital assets will drive the cryptocurrency market.

Major Market Trends & Insights

North America dominated the market and accounted for a 48% growth during the forecast period.
By Type - Bitcoin segment was valued at USD 7.57 billion in 2023
By Component - Hardware segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 313.81 billion
Market Future Opportunities: USD 39749.40 billion
CAGR from 2024 to 2029 : 16.7%

Market Summary

The market represents a dynamic and rapidly evolving ecosystem, driven by core technologies such as blockchain and decentralized finance (DeFi), which have fueled the creation and adoption of various applications and service types. Notably, digital assets have gained increasing acceptance in the retail sector, with major companies like Microsoft, Starbucks, and Tesla integrating cryptocurrencies into their payment systems. However, the market is not without challenges, including the volatility of cryptocurrency values, which can impact investor confidence and regulatory uncertainty. According to Statista, the number of cryptocurrency users worldwide is projected to reach 223 million by 2022, underscoring the growing importance of this market.
Rising investment in digital assets and the potential for new use cases continue to present significant opportunities for innovation and growth.

What will be the Size of the Cryptocurrency Market during the forecast period?

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How is the Cryptocurrency Market Segmented ?

The cryptocurrency industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Bitcoin
  Ethereum
  Others
  Ripple
  Bitcoin Cash
  Cardano


Component

  Hardware
  Software


Process

  Mining
  Transaction
  Mining
  Transaction


End-Use

  Trading
  E-commerce and Retail
  Peer-to-Peer Payment
  Remittance


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    Germany
    Italy
    Switzerland
    The Netherlands
    UK


  APAC

    China
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The bitcoin segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Bitcoin, the world's largest cryptocurrency with a market capitalization of over USD470 billion, is a decentralized digital currency that operates on a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, bypassing the need for central authorities. Bitcoin's popularity is driven by its use of blockchain technology, which ensures secure, transparent, and immutable transactions through digital signatures and cryptographic hashing. The Bitcoin network faces scalability challenges, requiring ongoing improvements to transaction throughput and mining difficulty to maintain network security. KYC procedures and AML regulations are crucial for regulatory compliance, with exchange protocols implementing strict identity verification processes. Bitcoin's value is influenced by cryptocurrency volatility, with mining pools and consensus mechanisms like Proof of Work and Proof of Stake contributing to the creation and distribution of new coins.

Wallet security is paramount, with hardware wallets and cold storage providing enhanced security compared to software wallets. Decentralized exchanges and smart contracts, enabled by the Ethereum blockchain and public key cryptography, offer privacy protocols and zero-knowledge proofs to ensure secure transactions. The market is continually evolving, with ongoing activities and patterns shaping the landscape. Approximately 8% of Americans engage in cryptocurrency trading, with stablecoins like Tether, USD Coin, Binance USD, and DAI playing a significant role in the market. Despite its volatility, Bitcoin's impact on finance and technology is undeniable.

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The Bitcoin segment was valued at USD 7.57 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

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Regional Analysis

North America is estimated to contribute 48% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

See How Cryptocurrency Market Demand is Rising in North America Request Free Sample

The market in North America is experiencing significant growth, driven by the presence of numerous market participants and innovative technological advancements in the region. The burgeoning demand for digital

Bitcoin dominance steadily declined in April 2024 to below ** percent, amid rumors of central banks halting or potentially lowering interest rates in the future. Within the crypto world, this so-called "dominance" ratio is one of the oldest and most investigated metrics available. It measures the coin's market cap relative to the overall crypto market — effectively showing how strong Bitcoin compared to all the other cryptocurrencies that are not BTC, called "altcoins". Why dominance matters is because market caps of any crypto can change relatively quickly, either due to sudden price changes or a change of recorded trading volume. Essentially, the figure somewhat resembles a trading sentiment, revealing whether Bitcoin investors are responding to certain events or whether Bitcoin is losing out on functions offered by, for example, stablecoins or NFT tokens. "Dominance" criticism: Ethereum and stablecoin The interpretation of the Bitcoin metric is not without its criticism. When first conceived, Bitcoin was the first cryptocurrency to be created and had a substantial market share within all cryptocurrencies? The overall share of stablecoins, such as Tether, as well as Ethereum increasingly start to resemble that of Bitcoin, however. Some analysts argue against this comparison. For one, they point towards the large influence of trading activity between Bitcoin and Ethereum in the dominance metric. Second, they argue that stablecoins can be traded in for Bitcoin and Ethereum, essentially showing how much investors are willing to engage with "regular" cryptocurrency. A rally around Bitcoin in late 2023? By December 2023, the Bitcoin price reached roughly 41,000 U.S. dollars — the first time in 20 months such a value was reached. A weaker U.S. dollar, speculation on decreasing interest rates, and a potential Bitcoin ETF approval are believed to be at the heart of this price increase. Whether this will hold in 2024 is unclear: The monthly interest rate from the U.S. Fed is speculated to decrease in 2024, despite a vow of "higher for longer". In December 2023, the thought of decreasing interest rates and the potential of a Bitcoin ETF fuelled market sentiment towards riskier assets.

Dataset ReadMe

Overview

• This data was collected to study the structural properties of blockchain overlay networks. It contains several snapshots of seven different networks from the period 26 Jun 2020 to 20 July 2020.
• The networks included are (alphabetically): Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Dash, Dogecoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, and ZCash.

• Studying the graph characteristics of these networks is beneficial;

  • It helps us evaluate the system's performance, robustness, and scalability by examining the network structure, node distribution, and communication patterns.
  • This analysis helps us identify bottlenecks and find ways to optimize efficiency and throughput.

  Moreover, understanding the vulnerabilities and attack possibilities unique to these networks allows us to develop proactive defense mechanisms and mitigate potential threats.

Data collection method: ask all reachable nodes continuously for their known peers. In Bitcoin's parlor, we send GETADDR messages and store all ADDR replies, drawing a connection between the sending node to all ip addresses contained in the ADDR message.

Data Description

All IP addresses have been replaced by numbers (NodeID) for ethical reasons. NodeIDs are consistent accross all files. The same NodeID corresponds to the same ip in ALL files (if present). Filenames contain the timestamp and the corresponding network. The date-time format is YYYYMMDD-HHMISS.

• File Contents: The edgelist files store information about the structure of the connectivity graph. Each file represents an edgelist of a graph at the specified time-stamp. Each line in a file corresponds the the list of known peers to a node. The NodeID of the node is the first number of each line. Example: the following line

  S N1 N2 N3 N4

  means that node S knows of nodes N1..N4; their ip addresses were included in S's ADDR responses.

To process the files in snap and networkx proper transformations have to be made. Please read the relevant documentation to find the appropriate input.

Research

This dataset has been used in the following works: - @inproceedings{aris_ssec,
author = {Paphitis, Aristodemos and Kourtellis, Nicolas and Sirivianos, Michael}, title = {Graph Analysis of Blockchain {P2P} Overlays and their Security Implications}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Security and Privacy in Social Networks and Big Data (SocialSec 2023)}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, volume = {13983}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, year = {2023}, }

• @inproceedings{aris_nss,
  author = {Paphitis, Aristodemos and Kourtellis, Nicolas and Sirivianos, Michael}, title = {Resilience of Blockchain Overlay Networks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Network and System Security (NSS 2023)},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, volume = {14097}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, year = {2023}, }

License and Attribution

• You are free to share and adapt according to CC BY (4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

• Please cite as:

  Aristodemos Paphitis, Nicolas Kourtellis, and Michael Sirivianos. A First Look into the Structural Properties of Blockchain P2P Overlays. DOI:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.23522919

• bibtex:

  @misc{paphitis_first_nodate,
  author = {Paphitis, Aristodemos and Kourtellis, Nicolas and Sirivianos, Michael}, title = {A First Look into the Structural Properties of Blockchain {P2P} Overlays}, howpublished = {Public dataset with figshare}, doi = {10.6084/m9.figshare.23522919}, }

Contact Information

• Aris Paphitis: am.paphitis@edu.cut.ac.cy
• https://netsysci.cut.ac.cy/aristodemos.paphitis/

Interest-Income Time Series for Bitfarms Ltd. Bitfarms Ltd. operates integrated bitcoin data centers in Canada, the United States, Paraguay, and Argentina. It primarily owns and operates data centers housing computers to validate transactions on the bitcoin blockchain, as well as sells computational power used for hashing calculations for cryptocurrency mining in multiple jurisdictions. The company also provides electrician services to commercial and residential customers in Quebec, Canada. It also undertakes hosting of third-party mining hardware. The company was formerly known as Bitfarms Technologies Ltd and changed its name to Bitfarms Ltd. in October 2018. The company was founded in 2017 and is based in Toronto, Canada.

View daily updates and historical trends for Ethereum Supply. Source: Etherscan. Track economic data with YCharts analytics.

Other-Long-Term-Assets Time Series for Robinhood Markets Inc. Robinhood Markets, Inc. operates financial services platform in the United States. Its platform allows users to invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), American depository receipts, options, gold, and cryptocurrencies. The company offers fractional trading, recurring investments, fully-paid securities lending, access to investing on margin, cash sweep, instant withdrawals, retirement program, around-the-clock trading, joint investing accounts, event contracts, and future contract services. It also provides various learning and education solutions comprise Snacks, an accessible digest of business news stories for a new generation of investors.; Learn, which is an online collection of guides, feature tutorials, and financial dictionary; Newsfeeds that offer access to free, premium news from sites from various sites, such as Barron's, Reuters, and Dow Jones. In addition, the company offers In-App Education, a resource that covers investing fundamentals, including why people invest, a stock market overview, and tips on how to define investing goals, as well as allows customers to understand the basics of investing before their first trade; and Crypto Learn and Earn, an educational module available to various crypto customers through Robinhood Learn to teach customers the basics related to cryptocurrency. Further, it provides Robinhood credit cards, cash card and spending accounts, and wallets. The company also owns and operates a digital currency marketplace that allows companies and individuals from all around the world to buy and sell bitcoin, litecoin, ethereum, ripple, and bitcoin cash. Robinhood Markets, Inc. was incorporated in 2013 and is headquartered in Menlo Park, California.