The Bitcoin (BTC) price again reached an all-time high in 2025, as values exceeded over 117,853.31 USD on July 30, 2025. Price hikes in early 2025 were connected to the approval of Bitcoin ETFs in the United States, while previous hikes in 2021 were due to events involving Tesla and Coinbase, respectively. Tesla's announcement in March 2021 that it had acquired 1.5 billion U.S. dollars' worth of the digital coin, for example, as well as the IPO of the U.S.'s biggest crypto exchange, fueled mass interest. The market was noticeably different by the end of 2022, however, after another crypto exchange, FTX, filed for bankruptcy.Is the world running out of Bitcoin?Unlike fiat currency like the U.S. dollar - as the Federal Reserve can simply decide to print more banknotes - Bitcoin's supply is finite: BTC has a maximum supply embedded in its design, of which roughly 89 percent had been reached in April 2021. It is believed that Bitcoin will run out by 2040, despite more powerful mining equipment. This is because mining becomes exponentially more difficult and power-hungry every four years, a part of Bitcoin's original design. Because of this, a Bitcoin mining transaction could equal the energy consumption of a small country in 2021.Bitcoin's price outlook: a potential bubble?Cryptocurrencies have few metrics available that allow for forecasting, if only because it is rumored that only a few cryptocurrency holders own a large portion of the available supply. These large holders - referred to as 'whales'-are' said to make up two percent of anonymous ownership accounts, while owning roughly 92 percent of BTC. On top of this, most people who use cryptocurrency-related services worldwide are retail clients rather than institutional investors. This means outlooks on whether Bitcoin prices will fall or grow are difficult to measure, as movements from one large whale are already having a significant impact on this market.

In March 2024 Bitcoin BTC reached a new all-time high with prices exceeding 73000 USD marking a milestone for the cryptocurrency market This surge was due to the approval of Bitcoin exchange-traded funds ETFs in the United States allowing investors to access Bitcoin without directly holding it This development increased Bitcoin’s credibility and brought fresh demand from institutional investors echoing previous price surges in 2021 when Tesla announced its 15 billion investment in Bitcoin and Coinbase was listed on the Nasdaq By the end of 2022 Bitcoin prices dropped sharply to 15000 USD following the collapse of cryptocurrency exchange FTX and its bankruptcy which caused a loss of confidence in the market By August 2024 Bitcoin rebounded to approximately 64178 USD but remained volatile due to inflation and interest rate hikes Unlike fiat currency like the US dollar Bitcoin’s supply is finite with 21 million coins as its maximum supply By September 2024 over 92 percent of Bitcoin had been mined Bitcoin’s value is tied to its scarcity and its mining process is regulated through halving events which cut the reward for mining every four years making it harder and more energy-intensive to mine The next halving event in 2024 will reduce the reward to 3125 BTC from its current 625 BTC The final Bitcoin is expected to be mined around 2140 The energy required to mine Bitcoin has led to criticisms about its environmental impact with estimates in 2021 suggesting that one Bitcoin transaction used as much energy as Argentina Bitcoin’s future price is difficult to predict due to the influence of large holders known as whales who own about 92 percent of all Bitcoin These whales can cause dramatic market swings by making large trades and many retail investors still dominate the market While institutional interest has grown it remains a small fraction compared to retail Bitcoin is vulnerable to external factors like regulatory changes and economic crises leading some to believe it is in a speculative bubble However others argue that Bitcoin is still in its early stages of adoption and will grow further as more institutions and governments recognize its potential as a hedge against inflation and a store of value 2024 has also seen the rise of Bitcoin Layer 2 technologies like the Lightning Network which improve scalability by enabling faster and cheaper transactions These innovations are crucial for Bitcoin’s wider adoption especially for day-to-day use and cross-border remittances At the same time central bank digital currencies CBDCs are gaining traction as several governments including China and the European Union have accelerated the development of their own state-controlled digital currencies while Bitcoin remains decentralized offering financial sovereignty for those who prefer independence from government control The rise of CBDCs is expected to increase interest in Bitcoin as a hedge against these centralized currencies Bitcoin’s journey in 2024 highlights its growing institutional acceptance alongside its inherent market volatility While the approval of Bitcoin ETFs has significantly boosted interest the market remains sensitive to events like exchange collapses and regulatory decisions With the limited supply of Bitcoin and improvements in its transaction efficiency it is expected to remain a key player in the financial world for years to come Whether Bitcoin is currently in a speculative bubble or on a sustainable path to greater adoption will ultimately be revealed over time.

By 2025, the Bitcoin market cap had grown to over ***** billion USD as the cryptocurrency kept growing. Market capitalization is calculated by multiplying the total number of Bitcoins in circulation by the Bitcoin price. The Bitcoin market capitalization increased from approximately *** billion U.S. dollars in 2013 to several times this amount since its surge in popularity. Dominance The Bitcoin market cap takes up a significant portion of the overall cryptocurrency market cap. This is referred to as "dominance". Within the crypto world, this so-called "dominance" ratio is one of the oldest and most investigated metrics available. It measures the coin's market cap relative to the overall crypto market — effectively showing how strong Bitcoin compared to all the other cryptocurrencies that are not BTC, called "altcoins". The Bitcoin dominance was above ** percent. Maximum supply and scarcity Bitcoin is unusual from other cryptocurrencies in that its maximum supply is getting closer. By 2025, well over ** million out of all 21 million possible Bitcoin had been created. Bitcoin's supply is expected to reach its maximum around the year 2140, likely making mining more energy-intensive.

Prices for BTCUSD Bitcoin US Dollar including live quotes, historical charts and news. BTCUSD Bitcoin US Dollar was last updated by Trading Economics this July 28 of 2025.

Ethereum's price history suggests that that crypto was worth more in 2025 than during late 2021, although nowhere near the highest price recorded. Much like Bitcoin (BTC), the price of ETH went up in 2021 but for different reasons altogether: Ethereum, for instance, hit the news when a digital art piece was sold as the world's most expensive NFT for over 38,000 ETH - or 69.3 million U.S. dollars. Unlike Bitcoin, of which the price growth was fueled by the IPO of the U.S.'s biggest crypto trader, Coinbase, the rally on Ethereum came from technological developments that caused much excitement among traders. First, the so-called 'Berlin update' rolled out on the Ethereum network in April 2021, an update that would eventually lead to the Ethereum Merge in 2022 and reduced ETH gas prices - or reduced transaction fees. The collapse of FTX in late 2022, however, changed much for the cryptocurrency. As of July 22, 2025, Ethereum was worth 3,765.45 U.S. dollars - significantly less than the 4,400 U.S. dollars by the end of 2021.Ethereum's future and the DeFi industryPrice developments on Ethereum are difficult to predict but cannot be seen without the world of DeFi, or decentralized finance. This industry used technology to remove intermediaries between parties in a financial transaction. One example includes crypto wallets such as Coinbase Wallet that grew in popularity recently, with other examples including smart contractor Uniswap, Maker (responsible for stablecoin DAI), moneylender Dharma and market protocol Compound. Ethereum's future developments are tied with this industry: Unlike Bitcoin and Ripple, Ethereum is technically not a currency but an open-source software platform for blockchain applications, with Ether being the cryptocurrency that is used inside the Ethereum network. Essentially, Ethereum facilitates DeFi, meaning that if DeFi does well, so does Ethereum.NFTs: the most well-known application of EthereumNFTs or non-fungible tokens, grew nearly tenfold between 2018 and 2020, as can be seen in the market cap of NFTs worldwide. These digital blockchain assets can essentially function as a unique code connected to a digital file, allowing to distinguish the original file from any potential copies. This application is especially prominent in crypto art, although there are other applications: gaming, sports, and collectibles are other segments where NFT sales occur.

It is estimated that the cumulative market cap of cryptocurrencies increased in early 2023 after the downfall in November 2022 due to FTX. That value declined in the summer of 2023, however, as international uncertainty grew over a potential recession. Bitcoin's market cap comprised the majority of the overall market capitalization. What is market cap? Market capitalization is a financial measure typically used for publicly traded firms, computed by multiplying the share price by the number of outstanding shares. However, cryptocurrency analysts calculate it as the price of the virtual currencies times the number of coins in the market. This gives cryptocurrency investors an idea of the overall market size, and watching the evolution of the measure tells how much money is flowing in or out of each cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency as an investment The price of Bitcoin has been erratic, and most other cryptocurrencies follow its larger price swings. This volatility attracts investors who hope to buy when the price is low and sell at its peak, turning a profit. However, this does little for price stability. As such, few firms accept payment in cryptocurrencies. As of June 25, 2025, the cumulative market cap of cryptocurrencies reached a value of ******.

Context

Blockchain technology, first implemented by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009 as a core component of Bitcoin, is a distributed, public ledger recording transactions. Its usage allows secure peer-to-peer communication by linking blocks containing hash pointers to a previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data. Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency (cryptocurrency) which leverages the Blockchain to store transactions in a distributed manner in order to mitigate against flaws in the financial industry.

Nearly ten years after its inception, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies experienced an explosion in popular awareness. The value of Bitcoin, on the other hand, has experienced more volatility. Meanwhile, as use cases of Bitcoin and Blockchain grow, mature, and expand, hype and controversy have swirled.

Content

In this dataset, you will have access to information about blockchain blocks and transactions. All historical data are in the bigquery-public-data:crypto_bitcoin dataset. It’s updated it every 10 minutes. The data can be joined with historical prices in kernels. See available similar datasets here: https://www.kaggle.com/datasets?search=bitcoin.

Querying BigQuery tables

You can use the BigQuery Python client library to query tables in this dataset in Kernels. Note that methods available in Kernels are limited to querying data. Tables are at bigquery-public-data.crypto_bitcoin.[TABLENAME]. Fork this kernel to get started.

Method & Acknowledgements

Allen Day (Twitter | Medium), Google Cloud Developer Advocate & Colin Bookman, Google Cloud Customer Engineer retrieve data from the Bitcoin network using a custom client available on GitHub that they built with the bitcoinj Java library. Historical data from the origin block to 2018-01-31 were loaded in bulk to two BigQuery tables, blocks_raw and transactions. These tables contain fresh data, as they are now appended when new blocks are broadcast to the Bitcoin network. For additional information visit the Google Cloud Big Data and Machine Learning Blog post "Bitcoin in BigQuery: Blockchain analytics on public data".

Photo by Andre Francois on Unsplash.

Inspiration

• How many bitcoins are sent each day?
• How many addresses receive bitcoin each day?
• Compare transaction volume to historical prices by joining with other available data sources

Cryptocurrency historical datasets from January 2012 (if available) to October 2021 were obtained and integrated from various sources and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) including Yahoo Finance, Cryptodownload, CoinMarketCap, various Kaggle datasets, and multiple APIs. While these datasets used various formats of time (e.g., minutes, hours, days), in order to integrate the datasets days format was used for in this research study. The integrated cryptocurrency historical datasets for 80 cryptocurrencies including but not limited to Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Binance Coin (BNB), Cardano (ADA), Tether (USDT), Ripple (XRP), Solana (SOL), Polkadot (DOT), USD Coin (USDC), Dogecoin (DOGE), Tron (TRX), Bitcoin Cash (BCH), Litecoin (LTC), EOS (EOS), Cosmos (ATOM), Stellar (XLM), Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC), Uniswap (UNI), Terra (LUNA), SHIBA INU (SHIB), and 60 more cryptocurrencies were uploaded in this online Mendeley data repository. Although the primary attribute of including the mentioned cryptocurrencies was the Market Capitalization, a subject matter expert i.e., a professional trader has also guided the initial selection of the cryptocurrencies by analyzing various indicators such as Relative Strength Index (RSI), Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD), MYC Signals, Bollinger Bands, Fibonacci Retracement, Stochastic Oscillator and Ichimoku Cloud. The primary features of this dataset that were used as the decision-making criteria of the CLUS-MCDA II approach are Timestamps, Open, High, Low, Closed, Volume (Currency), % Change (7 days and 24 hours), Market Cap and Weighted Price values. The available excel and CSV files in this data set are just part of the integrated data and other databases, datasets and API References that was used in this study are as follows: [1] https://finance.yahoo.com/ [2] https://coinmarketcap.com/historical/ [3] https://cryptodatadownload.com/ [4] https://kaggle.com/philmohun/cryptocurrency-financial-data [5] https://kaggle.com/deepshah16/meme-cryptocurrency-historical-data [6] https://kaggle.com/sudalairajkumar/cryptocurrencypricehistory [7] https://min-api.cryptocompare.com/data/price?fsym=BTC&tsyms=USD [8] https://min-api.cryptocompare.com/ [9] https://p.nomics.com/cryptocurrency-bitcoin-api [10] https://www.coinapi.io/ [11] https://www.coingecko.com/en/api [12] https://cryptowat.ch/ [13] https://www.alphavantage.co/ This dataset is part of the CLUS-MCDA (Cluster analysis for improving Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis) and CLUS-MCDAII Project: https://aimaghsoodi.github.io/CLUSMCDA-R-Package/ https://github.com/Aimaghsoodi/CLUS-MCDA-II https://github.com/azadkavian/CLUS-MCDA

Bitcoin dominance steadily declined in April 2024 to below ** percent, amid rumors of central banks halting or potentially lowering interest rates in the future. Within the crypto world, this so-called "dominance" ratio is one of the oldest and most investigated metrics available. It measures the coin's market cap relative to the overall crypto market — effectively showing how strong Bitcoin compared to all the other cryptocurrencies that are not BTC, called "altcoins". Why dominance matters is because market caps of any crypto can change relatively quickly, either due to sudden price changes or a change of recorded trading volume. Essentially, the figure somewhat resembles a trading sentiment, revealing whether Bitcoin investors are responding to certain events or whether Bitcoin is losing out on functions offered by, for example, stablecoins or NFT tokens. "Dominance" criticism: Ethereum and stablecoin The interpretation of the Bitcoin metric is not without its criticism. When first conceived, Bitcoin was the first cryptocurrency to be created and had a substantial market share within all cryptocurrencies? The overall share of stablecoins, such as Tether, as well as Ethereum increasingly start to resemble that of Bitcoin, however. Some analysts argue against this comparison. For one, they point towards the large influence of trading activity between Bitcoin and Ethereum in the dominance metric. Second, they argue that stablecoins can be traded in for Bitcoin and Ethereum, essentially showing how much investors are willing to engage with "regular" cryptocurrency. A rally around Bitcoin in late 2023? By December 2023, the Bitcoin price reached roughly 41,000 U.S. dollars — the first time in 20 months such a value was reached. A weaker U.S. dollar, speculation on decreasing interest rates, and a potential Bitcoin ETF approval are believed to be at the heart of this price increase. Whether this will hold in 2024 is unclear: The monthly interest rate from the U.S. Fed is speculated to decrease in 2024, despite a vow of "higher for longer". In December 2023, the thought of decreasing interest rates and the potential of a Bitcoin ETF fuelled market sentiment towards riskier assets.

The price of the cryptocurrency based on the famous internet meme broke its price decline in early November 2022, as people started buying the coin after FTX's collapse. This rally only lasted for a few days, however, as a Dogecoin was worth roughly 0.22 U.S. dollars on July 30, 2025. This is a different development than in 2021, when the crypto became very popular in a short amount of time. Between January 28 and January 29, 2021, Dogecoin's value grew by around 216 percent to 0.023535 U.S. dollars after comments from Tesla CEO Elon Musk. The digital coin quickly grew to become the most talked-about cryptocurrency available, not necessarily for its price - the prices of Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Ripple (XRP), and several other virtual currencies were much higher than those of DOGE - but for its growth.

Bitcoin's circulating supply has grown steadily since its inception in 2009, reaching over **** million coins by late July 2025. This gradual increase reflects the cryptocurrency's design, which put a limit of ** million on the total number of bitcoins that can ever exist. This impacts the Bitcoin price somewhat, as its scarcity can lead to volatility on the market. Maximum supply and scarcity Bitcoin is unusual from other cryptocurrencies in that its maximum supply is getting closer. By July 2025, more than ** percent of all possible Bitcoin had been created. That said, Bitcoin's circulating supply is expected to reach its maximum around the year 2140. Meanwhile, mining becomes exponentially more difficult and energy-intensive.

Institutional investors

In 2025, countries like the United States openly started discussion the possibility of buying bitcoins to hold in reserve. By the time of writing, it was unclear whether this would happen. Nevertheless, institutional investors displayed more interest in the cryptocurrency than before. Certain companies owned several thousands of Bitcoin tokens in 2025, for example. This and the limited number of Bitcoin may further fuel price volatility.

This dataset contains several files:dataset.tar.gz: A compressed PostgreSQL database representing a graph.addresses.csv: A list of approximately 100,000 labeled Bitcoin addresses.BitcoinTemporalGraph (dataset.tar.gz)This dataset represents a graph of value transfers between Bitcoin users. The nodes represent entities/users, and the edges represent value transfers or transactions between these entities. The graph is temporal and directed.Usage:Decompress the archive: "pigz -p 10 -dc dataset.tar.gz | tar -xvf -"Restore the tables into an existing PostgreSQL database using the pg_restore utility: "pg_restore -j number_jobs -Fd -O -U database_username -d database_name dataset"Ensure substantial storage for the database: 40GB for node_features and 80GB for transaction_edges (including indexes)Dataset DescriptionThe database contains two tables: node_features (approximately 252 million rows) and transaction_edges (approximately 785 million rows).Columns for node_features table:alias: Identifier of the nodedegree: Degree of the nodedegree_in: Number of incoming edges to the nodedegree_out: Number of outgoing edges from the nodetotal_transaction_in: Total count of value transfers received by the nodetotal_transaction_out: Total count of value transfers initiated by the nodeAmounts are expressed in satoshis (1 satoshi = 10^-8 Bitcoin):min_sent: Minimum amount sent by the node during a transactionmax_sent: Maximum amount sent by the node during a transactiontotal_sent: Total amount sent by the node during all transactionsmin_received: Minimum amount received by the node during a transactionmax_received: Maximum amount received by the node during a transactiontotal_received: Total amount received by the node during all transactionslabel: Label describing the type of entity represented by the nodeTransactions on the Bitcoin network are stored in the public ledger named the "Bitcoin Blockchain". Each transaction is recorded in a block, with the block index indicating the transaction's position in the blockchain.first_transaction_in: Block index of the first transaction received by the nodelast_transaction_in: Block index of the last transaction received by the nodefirst_transaction_out: Block index of the first transaction sent by the nodelast_transaction_out: Block index of the last transaction sent by the nodeNodes can represent one or more Bitcoin addresses (pseudonyms used by Bitcoin users). A real entity often uses multiple addresses. The dataset contains only transactions between nodes (outer transactions), but provides information about inner transactions (transactions between addresses controlled by the same node).cluster_size: Number of addresses represented by the nodecluster_num_edges: Number of transactions between the addresses represented by the nodecluster_num_cc: Number of connected components in the transaction graph of the addresses represented by the nodecluster_num_nodes_in_cc: Number of non-isolated addresses in the clusterColumns in the transaction_edges table:a: Node alias of the senderb: Node alias of the recipientreveal: Block index of the first transaction from a to blast_seen: Block index of the last transaction from a to btotal: Total number of transactions from a to bmin_sent: Minimum amount sent (in satoshis) in a transaction from a to bmax_sent: Maximum amount sent (in satoshis) in a transaction from a to btotal_sent: Total amount sent (in satoshis) in all transactions from a to bDataset of Bitcoin Labeled Addresses (addresses.csv)This file contains 103,812 labeled Bitcoin addresses with the following columns:address: Bitcoin addressentity: Name of the entitycategory: Type of the entity (e.g., individual, bet, ransomware, gambling, exchange, mining, ponzi, marketplace, faucet, bridge, mixer)source: Source used to label the address

Index Time Series for Bitwise Crypto Industry Innovators ETF. The frequency of the observation is daily. Moving average series are also typically included. The index was designed by Bitwise Index Services, LLC to measure the performance of companies involved in servicing the cryptocurrency markets, including crypto mining firms, crypto mining equipment suppliers, crypto financial services companies, or other financial institutions servicing primarily crypto-related clientele (i.e., the crypto ecosystem). Normally, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in securities of Crypto Innovators. It is non-diversified.

Cryptocurrency has become a popular investment and financial tool, drawing the attention of millions worldwide. Whether you’re new to the crypto space or a seasoned investor, understanding the best ways to acquire cryptocurrency is essential. Below are some of the most effective and secure methods to obtain cryptocurrency.

1. Buying Cryptocurrency on Exchanges

Best way to get Cryptocurrency is purchasing cryptocurrency through exchanges like Binance, Coinbase, or Kraken. These platforms allow users to exchange fiat currencies like USD or EUR for cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, or smaller altcoins.

• Steps to Buy on Exchanges:
  1. Create an account on a reputable exchange.
  2. Complete identity verification (KYC).
  3. Link your payment method (bank account, credit card, etc.).
  4. Choose the cryptocurrency and complete the purchase.

Exchanges provide a user-friendly interface, making it easy for beginners to enter the market.

2. Mining

Mining involves validating transactions on a blockchain network and earning cryptocurrency as a reward. It requires significant computational power, specialized hardware, and access to cheap electricity.

• Best for: Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum (before its shift to Proof-of-Stake), and Monero.
• Challenges: High energy costs and competition make mining less profitable for individuals compared to large-scale operations.

3. Earning Cryptocurrency Through Work

Many platforms and businesses now offer payment in cryptocurrency for goods or services. Freelancers, developers, designers, and content creators can accept cryptocurrency payments directly from clients.

• Examples:
  • Freelance platforms like CryptoTask or LaborX.
  • Blockchain projects hiring for technical or non-technical roles.

This is an excellent way to get cryptocurrency without investing your own money upfront.

https://media.market.us/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/best-way-to-get-cryptocurrency.png" alt="" class="wp-image-27011">

4. Staking and Yield Farming

Staking involves locking up cryptocurrency in a wallet to support the operations of a blockchain network, earning rewards in return. Yield farming, on the other hand, involves lending or providing liquidity to decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms.

• Benefits:
  • Earn passive income.
  • Strengthen the network you’re supporting.

• Risks: Volatility in token value and potential smart contract vulnerabilities.

5. Participating in Airdrops and Giveaways

Airdrops are promotional events where blockchain projects distribute free tokens to users. To qualify, participants may need to hold a specific cryptocurrency, join a platform, or perform certain tasks like sharing content on social media.

• Caution: Beware of scams and never provide private keys or sensitive information to claim airdrops.

6. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Trading

P2P trading platforms like Paxful or LocalBitcoins enable users to buy and sell cryptocurrency directly with others, often without the fees and restrictions of centralized exchanges.

• Advantages:
  • Greater privacy.
  • Local payment methods.

• Drawbacks: Potential for scams if the platform lacks proper escrow systems.

7. Accepting Cryptocurrency for Payments

Businesses can integrate cryptocurrency payment options to accept Bitcoin, Ethereum, or other coins for goods and services. Payment processors like BitPay and CoinGate make it easier to integrate crypto into your business model.

• Who Benefits: Merchants, online stores, and service providers looking to diversify payment options and attract tech-savvy customers.

8. Investing in Cryptocurrency-Linked Assets

If you’re hesitant to directly buy cryptocurrency, you can invest in crypto-related assets like exchange-traded funds (ETFs), stocks of blockchain companies, or futures contracts.

• Examples:
  • Bitcoin ETFs.
  • Shares of companies like Coinbase or MicroStrategy.

Conclusion

The best way to get cryptocurrency depends on your goals, resources, and level of risk tolerance. For beginners, buying through reputable exchanges offers simplicity and security. For those seeking passive income, staking or yield farming might be appealing. Meanwhile, tech-savvy individuals may explore mining or freelancing in the crypto space. Whichever path you choose, ensure you prioritize security and stay informed

Bitcoin ranked as one of the most expensive cryptocurrencies existing by April 2024 - although values changed noticeably. Bitcoin had the most expensive cryptocurrency for a while, but Ethereum was significantly cheaper, with a price that was roughly 30 times less than that of the most well-known digital currency. However, Bitcoin is in a unique position. Ethereum is one of several cryptocurrencies, for instance, that come from blockchains that focus on making financial applications possible. Bitcoin, or a digital equivalent of gold When one categorizes the different types of cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin stands out as it is one of the few that are essentially meant to store digital value. Some describe Bitcoin as a digital version of gold, purely designed to hold or possibly purchasing power over time. It has no other applications built around it, and is considered too slow to perform financial transactions. Stablecoins, the less volatile cryptocurrency Many coins in this ranking stand out as their price seemingly has not changed as much as others. This is because these are stablecoins - cryptocurrencies pegged to the price development of an external asset. This group of digital assets comprise an increasing share within the overall crypto market. Some see these coins as the future of retail payments, whereas others view these coins as a "safe" addition to their crypto investments.

Approaching the Hot Hand with a Cool Head

Datasets used in "Approaching the Hot Hand with a Cool Head" by Máté Csaba Sándor and Barna Bakó of Corvinus University of Budapest

Producing the gambling dataset

This dataset can be reproduced using the script set (4) To run the scripts use R version 4.0.0 (2020-04-24) and the package versions as specified with groundhog.

The gambling dataset was created using the transactional data extractable from the bitcoin ledger. To make things simpler we have been using a formated dataset from (2), available currently at (3). To replicate the dataset, use the script data_preparation_bitcoin.R. Do not run the script as it is, since first you need to download the appropriate datasets from above which takes considerable time. Also there are some variables that need manual adjustment, to avoid overwhelming most desktop computers.

The prepared gambling dataset

The 5 samples contain bets placed at SatoshiDice, a bitcoin based gambling site that was the most popular of such in 2012-14 and using the public information available in the ledger and the user contraction approximation of (2). A representative archive state of the game and the website is available at (5).

The columns featured in the dataset (names in the first row):

• txID_bet: transaction ID of the bet transaction [integer]
• txID_answer: transaction ID of the answer transaction [integer]
• time_bet: unixtime of the bet transaction based on the block timestamp [integer]
• timediff: seconds between the timestamp of the bet transaction and the answer based on the block timestamps [integer]
• addrID_player: initiating address ID of the bet transaction, the ID gathered from the dataset, not resolved to true bitcoin IDs, in case of multiple addresses, the top address is used, since this is the one SatoshiDice uses for the return transaction by default [integer]
• addrID_game: reciving/initiating address ID of the bet/answer transaction, the ID gathered from the dataset, not resolved to true bitcoin IDs [integer]
• bet_value: bet ammount (or wager) measured in satoshis (1 satoshi = 1e-8 BTC) [integer]
• answer_value: answer ammount (or payout) measured in satoshis (1 satoshi = 1e-8 BTC), 1e5 satoshis [integer]
• PriceMultiplier: price multipliers (or odds) of the games the bets are put on, these are used to decide on status using bet and answer value, the multipliers are mined from (5) [double]
• status: "win"/"loss" tags calculated using bet and answer value combined with odds [string]
• userID: assigned based on addrID_player using the methods and dataset of (2) [integer]

With questions about the dataset or the process, contact Máté Sándor (sampaat at gmail dot com).

1. Sándor, M.C., Bakó, B (2021). Approaching the Hot Hand with a Cool Head (Working paper)
2. Kondor, D., Pósfai, M., Csabai, I., & Vattay, G. (2014). Do the rich get richer? An empirical analysis of the BitCoin transaction network. PLoS ONE, 9(2), e86197. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086197
3. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qz612jmcf
4. https://github.com/sampaat/hot_hand_cold_head
5. https://web.archive.org/web/20130403062213/http://www.satoshidice.com/

The authors investigated the impact of cryptocurrency adoption intentions of Indian investors in Hyderabad Metro. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire to measure 8 reflective constructs: fear of missing out, adoption intention, perceived risk, regulatory framework, social influence, investment behavior, effect expectancy, and price value. This study assessed the impact of perceived risk, regulatory framework, social influence, effort expectancy, and price value on the cryptocurrency adoption intentions of Indian investors. Shapiro‒Wilk test (p>0.05) statistic indicates the data were normally distributed

Context

India will go ahead with a complete ban on investment in cryptocurrencies while providing existing investors a transition period to exit their holdings. Cryptocurrency isn’t fiat currency backed by the Reserve Bank of India and its usage in all forms will be banned through the new law that will be introduced in Parliament, a senior Finance Ministry official said on condition of anonymity.

The official cited earlier said India’s new law will be modeled on China’s regulatory regime, which has effectively banned on trading and usage of cryptocurrency, while the government is working on issuing its own virtual currency. China imposed a ban on initial coin offerings in 2017 and asked crypto exchanges to shut down.

Since then, the Chinese central bank has also blocked all access to all domestic and foreign cryptocurrency exchanges and ICO websites. While banning cryptocurrencies, the Indian government will allow the use of technology underlying the cryptocurrency for research or any other such purposes, the official said, adding the proposed law will be soon sent to the Union Cabinet for approval.

Read more at https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/intent-on-ban-india-to-give-transition-time-to-crypto-investors-bq-exclusive

Content

The tweets have #IndiawantsCrypto & #IndiaWantsBitcoin hashtag. Collection star started on 6/2/2021, with an initial 2k+ tweets, and will continue on a daily basis.

Information regarding the data

The data totally consists of 2k+ records with 13 columns. The description of the features is given below | No |Columns | Descriptions | | -- | -- | -- | | 1 | user_name | The name of the user, as they’ve defined it. | | 2 | user_location | The user-defined location for this account’s profile. | | 3 | user_description | The user-defined UTF-8 string describing their account. | | 4 | user_created | Time and date, when the account was created. | | 5 | user_followers | The number of followers an account currently has. | | 6 | user_friends | The number of friends a account currently has. | | 7 | user_favourites | The number of favorites a account currently has | | 8 | user_verified | When true, indicates that the user has a verified account | | 9 | date | UTC time and date when the Tweet was created | | 10 | text | The actual UTF-8 text of the Tweet | | 11 | hashtags | All the other hashtags posted in the tweet along with #IndiawantsCrypto & #IndiawantsBitcoin | | 12 | source | Utility used to post the Tweet, Tweets from the Twitter website have a source value - web | | 13 | is_retweet | Indicates whether this Tweet has been Retweeted by the authenticating user. |

Inspiration

The tweets were extracted using tweepy, Refer to this notebook for the complete extraction process https://www.kaggle.com/kaushiksuresh147/twitter-data-extraction

You can use this data to dive into the subjects that use this hashtag, look to the geographical distribution, evaluate sentiments, looks to trends.

LuckyBit bets

Datasets used in the creation of "How Bitcoin’s Ups and Downs Are Changing the Way You Bet" by Máté Csaba Sándor and Barna Bakó of Corvinus University of Budapest

These datasets can be used to reproduce the results presented in (1)

The necessary scripts are available at: https://github.com/sampaat/luckybit_gambling

Producing the gambling dataset

The gambling dataset was created using the transactional data extractable from the bitcoin ledger. To make things simpler we have been using a formated dataset from (2), available currently at (3). To replicate the dataset, use the script data_preparation_from_blockchain_excrept.R. Do not run the script as it is, since first you need to download the appropriate datasets from above which takes considerable time. Also there are some variables that need manual adjustment, to avoid overwhelming most desktop computers.

A representative state of the game's website is observable as a web archive

The prepared gambling dataset

The excrept created, containing all transactions of the LuckyBit platform are featured in luckybit_bets_usered.csv

The columns featured in the dataset (names in the first row):

• txID transaction ID of the bet transaction [integer]
• addrID recieving address ID of the targeted game (see *luckybit_games_addresses.csv* for mapping them to games) [integer]
• addrID_in reciving/initiating address ID of the bet/answer transaction, the ID gathered from the dataset, not resolved to true bitcoin IDs [integer]
• value bet ammount (or wager) measured in satoshis (1 satoshi = 1e-8 BTC) [integer]
• block_timestamp blockchain block timestamp (UTC unixtime) used to time the bets [integer]
• userID assigned based on addrID_player using the methods and dataset of (**2**) [integer]

Supporting datasets

Luckybit addresses

Mapping table containing basic information about the possible LuckyBit games are featured in luckybit_games_address.csv

The columns featured in the dataset (names in the first row):

• Name color based identification of the game as shown in the web archive. [string]
• Address string format of the game's bitcoin address hash [string]
• addrID recieving address ID of the targeted game (see luckybit_games_addresses.csv for mapping them to games) [integer]
• ExpectedReturn expected payout of the game on unit bet [float]
• HousePercent expected loss of the game on unit bet [float]
• MaxWin maximum winning multiplier [integer]
• WinProb total probability of positive total payout (win) [float]
• LossProb total probability of negative total payout (loss) [float]
• FlatProb total probability of bet payback (no win or loss) [float]

Luckybit game table

Mapping table containing multipliers and probabilites of each game are featured luckybit_games_table.csv

The columns featured in the dataset (names in the first row):

• n label of result 1-17 [integer]
• blue multiplier of the n-th outcome for the game blue [float]
• green multiplier of the n-th outcome for the game green [float]
• yellow multiplier of the n-th outcome for the game yellow [float]
• red multiplier of the n-th outcome for the game red [float]
• p_win maximum winning multiplier [float]

Clustered users table

Mapping table containing the clusterings assigned to each user are featured clustered_users.csv

The columns featured in the dataset (names in the first row):

• userID assigned based on addrID_player using the methods and dataset of (**2**) [integer]
• cluster calculated in *player_clustering.Rmd* as 1 - All players, 2 - Casual, 3 - Regular, 4 - Extreme [integer]

Clustered users table

Bitcoin to USD exchange rate data featured in bitcoin_historical_data_coinmarketcap.csv

This dataset has been downloaded as of 2024-09-02 from Coinmarketcap

The columns featured in the dataset (names in the first row):

• timeOpen market open, datetime UTC [string]
• timeClose market close, datetime UTC [string]
• timeHigh timing of daily high, datetime UTC [string]
• timeLow timing of daily low, datetime UTC [string]
• name arbitrary ID from Coinmarketcap, uniform, dropable [integer]
• open daily opening exchange rate (USD/BTC) [float]
• high highest daily exchange rate (USD/BTC) [float]
• low lowest daily exchange rate (USD/BTC) [float]
• close daily closing exchange rate (USD/BTC) [float]
• volume daily total traded volume (BTC) [float]
• marketCap total Bitcoin market capitalization in USD [float]
• timeStamp timing of data recording, datetime UTC [string]

References

1. Bakó, B., Sándor, M.C. (2025). How Bitcoin’s Ups and Downs Are Changing the Way You Bet
2. Kondor, D., Pósfai, M., Csabai, I., & Vattay, G. (2014). Do the rich get richer? An empirical analysis of the BitCoin transaction network. PLoS ONE, 9(2), e86197.
3. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qz612jmcf

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