In 2023, there were about 1.18 million Black families with a single father living in the United States. This is an increase from 1990, when there were 472,000 Black families with a single father in the U.S.

In 2023, 17.8 percent of Black families with a single father were living below the poverty line in the United States. Poverty is the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. Absolute poverty or destitution is inability to afford basic human needs, which commonly includes clean and fresh water, nutrition, health care, education, clothing and shelter.

This statistic shows the share of men who are fathers in the United States in 2014, by age and ethnicity. In that year, 29.4 percent of Hispanic men between the ages of 20 and 29 were fathers, compared to 12.4 percent of Asian men of the same age.

This dataset tracks annual black student percentage from 2012 to 2013 for Father's Heart Charter vs. California and Palm Springs Unified School District

This dataset tracks annual black student percentage from 1993 to 2023 for Father Keith B. Kenny vs. California and Sacramento City Unified School District

This dataset tracks annual black student percentage from 2005 to 2014 for Jefferson Academy Of Advanced Learning vs. Arizona and Founding Fathers Academies Inc School District

Historical Dataset of Father's Heart Charter is provided by PublicSchoolReview and contain statistics on metrics:Total Students Trends Over Years (2012-2013),Total Classroom Teachers Trends Over Years (2012-2013),Distribution of Students By Grade Trends,Hispanic Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2012-2013),Black Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2012-2013),White Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2012-2013),Two or More Races Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2012-2013),Diversity Score Comparison Over Years (2012-2013),Free Lunch Eligibility Comparison Over Years (2012-2013),Reading and Language Arts Proficiency Comparison Over Years (2012-2013),Math Proficiency Comparison Over Years (2012-2013),Overall School Rank Trends Over Years (2012-2013)

Project Overview The coronavirus outbreak fundamentally transformed the way education took place in New York State and across the nation. In March of 2020, schools and businesses were shuttered in New York State due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many parents found themselves in a situation where they were working, either at home or as essential workers, while also overseeing their children’s education. For many of these parents working from home was an entirely new experience as was overseeing their children’s education. In the context of COVID- 19, unprecedented numbers of parents were working and teaching their children from home simultaneously. Although homeschooling in US has attracted some parents, remote schooling caused by the pandemic was different from homeschooling in many aspects. First, remote schooling, unlike homeschooling, was not a choice of parents. Second, remote schooling is based upon a curriculum provided by schools and teachers rather than the parents’ choice of curriculum and finally remote schooling during the lockdown has been taking place in a situation when many parents are working full time either remotely or as essential workers, meaning that they may be less engaged in their children’s work than when children are homeschooled. Although more women these days are working in the market on a par with men, their roles have been also extended to serve being both a breadwinner and a homemaker. Hence, understanding the experiences of mothers during the coronavirus outbreak is important in terms of understanding the social and gender consequences of COVID-19. This project reflects the collective effort at understanding mothers’ experiences of work and home- schooling in the Syracuse area during the Coronavirus outbreak though semi-structured deidentified interviews. Data and Data Collection Overview A qualitative study design with semi-structured interviews was used to understand the experiences, challenges, coping and rewards of parenting during the coronavirus outbreak. Phone interviews with 65 parents (and a few grandparents) of school-age children were conducted with mostly working mothers, in Spring (April-June) 2020 when at-home education started in the Syracuse, NY area. The study was advertised on various Facebook groups and listservs including parenting, babysitting, school PTA, health care industry, and church groups as well as contacted personal contacts. While initially it was intended to interview parents including fathers and mothers, but most of the respondents to the ads were mothers as the topic of study resonated strongly with mothers. In a few cases custodial grandmothers, who were raising their grandchildren were interviewed. These grandmothers were going beyond the typical grandmother relationship to provide the level of care normally provided by a parent. Of those interviewed, 59 were mothers, 3 were grandmothers, 1 was a father, and 1 was a couple interviewed together. In terms of race/ethnicity, 67% respondents were White, 20% were Black, 4.5% were Asian, 1.5% were Middle Eastern, 3% were Latina, and 3% identified as both Black and Latina. In terms of education 57% respondents had at least a bachelor’s degree while 43% of respondents had less than a bachelor’s degree. The vast majority of those interviewed were working; only 7 (11%) were not. In 51% of the families either the respondent or their spouse/partner was an essential worker, meaning that they were legally working outside of the home during the coronavirus outbreak in Spring 2020. For essential workers, working outside the home meant trading off between two parents, using a babysitter or older children, or in one case, bringing a child to work. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Necessary redactions were applied to mask the revealing information of respondent. After the interviews were complete, two doctoral students at Syracuse University helped code the interviews and write up the findings. Selection and Organization of Shared Data The data files shared here encompass the 64 de-identified interview transcripts labeled by pseudonyms. The documentation files shared consist of the original informed consent used, the interview questionnaire, a Data Narrative and an administrative README file.

Historical Dataset of Father Keith B. Kenny is provided by PublicSchoolReview and contain statistics on metrics:Total Students Trends Over Years (1993-2023),Total Classroom Teachers Trends Over Years (1995-2023),Distribution of Students By Grade Trends,Student-Teacher Ratio Comparison Over Years (1995-2023),American Indian Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (1993-2022),Asian Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (1993-2023),Hispanic Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (1993-2023),Black Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (1993-2023),White Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (1993-2023),Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2011-2014),Two or More Races Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2009-2023),Diversity Score Comparison Over Years (1993-2023),Free Lunch Eligibility Comparison Over Years (1995-2023),Reduced-Price Lunch Eligibility Comparison Over Years (2001-2023),Reading and Language Arts Proficiency Comparison Over Years (2010-2022),Math Proficiency Comparison Over Years (2010-2022),Overall School Rank Trends Over Years (2010-2022)

The Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures (DADS) is an online, publicly accessible dictionary of generally useful algorithms, data structures, algorithmic techniques, archetypal problems, and related definitions. In addition to brief definitions, some entries have links to related entries, links to implementations, and additional information. DADS is meant to be a resource for the practicing programmer, although students and researchers may find it a useful starting point. DADS has fundamental entries in areas such as theory, cryptography and compression, graphs, trees, and searching, for instance, Ackermann's function, quick sort, traveling salesman, big O notation, merge sort, AVL tree, hash table, and Byzantine generals. DADS also has index pages that list entries by area and by type. Currently DADS does not include algorithms particular to business data processing, communications, operating systems or distributed algorithms, programming languages, AI, graphics, or numerical analysis.

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of early head start programs in response to the 1994 Head Start reauthorization which established a special initiative for services to families with infants and toddlers. The study was a program evaluation with 1500 families in Early Head Start programs and 1500 in a control group with no program participation. The participants included 3000 low-income and poor families (child, mother, and some fathers). The participants were 34% African American, 24% Latino (a), 37% White, and 5% other ethnicities. The children were between 0-12 months at the time of enrollment. The mothers averaged 23 years of age, with over 1/3 of the mothers under the age of 18. Assessments with children and interviews with parents were conducted when children were 14, 24, and 36 months. Parents and children were also assessed at 6, 15, and 24 months after enrollment to ensure that information for comparison group families was comparable to program data on Early Head Start families. Early Head Start program directors and key staff working with children and families were also interviewed. Program evaluations occurred at 17 sites with matching numbers of participating and control families at each site. The study encompassed five major components: 1) An implementation study which examined service needs and use for low-income families with infants and toddlers, including assessment of program implementation, illuminating pathways to achieving quality, examining program contributions to community change, and identifying and exploring variations across sites; 2) An impact evaluation to analyze the effects of Early Head Start programs on children, parents and families in depth, while assessing outcomes for program staff and communities; 3) Local research studies by researchers to learn more about the pathways to desired outcomes for everyone involved in Early Head Start; 4) Policy studies to respond to information needs in areas of emerging policy-relevant issues, including welfare reform, fatherhood, child care, and children with disabilities; and 5) Formats for continuous program improvements. Multiple data collection method were employed including intensive site visits to the research programs, program documents, parent services follow-up interviews, child care observations, staff surveys, parent reports, direct assessment of children, observations by trained observers, and coding of videotaped parent-child interactions in problem solving and free-play situations. Variable assessed include variations across the programs, pathways to service quality, service needs and use for low income families with infants and toddlers, program contributions to community change, child and family outcomes, differential effects for families with certain characteristics living in particular contexts, differential impacts related to differences in program implementation, professional development, continuity, and health of staff, relationship building among families and service providers and building collaborative service networks, child-care arrangements available to low-income families over the entire period of the study, children's environments and their relationship with caregivers, child's socioemotional functioning, child's cognitive and language development, parenting and the home environment, parental characteristics, and relationships with fathers and other adults. The Murray Research Archive also holds video and audiotape data for this study. The Murray also holds consortium use only files that are restricted to Early Head Start consortium members.

The Stress and Families Project was undertaken to investigate the relationship between life situation and mental health among low-income mothers, the group at greatest risk for depression. This longitudinal research project was interdisciplinary in approach and involved interview and observation data on mothers, children, and fathers. The participants were 43 low-income mothers who were recruited for the study without regard to their current mental health status. Each woman had at least one child between three and seven years of age. Approximately one-half were white and one-half African-American, and within each of those groups approximately one-half were single and one-half living with a husband or boyfriend. The women ranged in age from 21 to 44 and represented every legal marital status. Data were collected by teams of two researchers conducting interviews and observations in the women's homes over a period of several months. Interview topics included a description of a typical day in the life of the family; mental health assessment including measures of locus of control, self-esteem, stability of self-image, depression, and anxiety; social network; employment; generational change; current life conditions and stresses; social service institutions; nutrition; life events; coping; discrimination; six observations of the child; interviews on parenting with mothers and consenting fathers; and interviews with the children on their relationships with their parent(s). The Murray Archive holds additional analogue materials for this study (copies of all original record paper data, including child observations and parenting interviews). If you would like to access this material, please apply to use the data. Note: Paper Data box 8 of 8 is marked confidential and is not available for public access.

In 2023, there were about 15.09 million children living with a single mother in the United States, and about 3.05 million children living with a single father. The number of children living with a single mother is down from its peak in 2012, and the number of children living with a single father is down from its peak in 2005.

Marriage and divorce in the United States

Despite popular opinion in the United States that “half of all marriages end in divorce,” the divorce rate in the U.S. has fallen significantly since 1992. The marriage rate, which has also been decreasing since the 1990s, was still higher than the divorce rate in 2021. Half of all marriages may not end in divorce, but it does seem that fewer people are choosing to get married in the first place.

New family structures

In addition to a falling marriage rate, fewer people in the U.S. have children under the age of 18 living in the house in comparison to 1970. Over the past decade, the share of families with children under 18, whether that be married couples or single parents, has stayed mostly steady, although the number of births in the U.S. has also fallen.

Descriptive statistics and correlations for children’s and parents’ measures.

In the United States, more white children died due to abuse or maltreatment than other racial or ethnic groups. In 2022, around 549 Black or African-American children died due to abuse or maltreatment, compared to 577 white children. However, the rate of Black or African-American children who died due to abuse stood at 6.37 deaths per 1,000 children, compared to 1.99 deaths per 1,000 children for white children.

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of early head start programs in response to the 1994 Head Start reauthorization which established a special initiative for services to families with infants and toddlers. The study was a program evaluation with 1500 families in Early Head Start programs and 1500 in a control group with no program participation. The participants included 3000 low-income and poor families (child, mother, and some fathers). The participants were 34% African American, 24% Latino (a), 37% White, and 5% other ethnicities. The children were between 0-12 months at the time of enrollment. The mothers averaged 23 years of age, with over 1/3 of the mothers under the age of 18. Assessments with children and interviews with parents were conducted when children were 14, 24, and 36 months. Parents and children were also assessed at 6, 15, and 24 months after enrollment to ensure that information for comparison group families was comparable to program data on Early Head Start families. Early Head Start program directors and key staff working with children and families were also interviewed. Program evaluations occurred at 17 sites with matching numbers of participating and control families at each site. The study encompassed five major components: 1) An implementation study which examined service needs and use for low-income families with infants and toddlers, including assessment of program implementation, illuminating pathways to achieving quality, examining program contributions to community change, and identifying and exploring variations across sites; 2) An impact evaluation to analyze the effects of Early Head Start programs on children, parents and families in depth, while assessing outcomes for program staff and communities; 3) Local research studies by researchers to learn more about the pathways to desired outcomes for everyone involved in Early Head Start; 4) Policy studies to respond to information needs in areas of emerging policy-relevant issues, including welfare reform, fatherhood, child care, and children with disabilities; and 5) Formats for continuous program improvements. Multiple data collection method were employed including intensive site visits to the research programs, program documents, parent services follow-up interviews, child care observations, staff surveys, parent reports, direct assessment of children, observations by trained observers, and coding of videotaped parent-child interactions in problem solving and free-play situations. Variable assessed include variations across the programs, pathways to service quality, service needs and use for low income families with infants and toddlers, program contributions to community change, child and family outcomes, differential effects for families with certain characteristics living in particular contexts, differential impacts related to differences in program implementation, professional development, continuity, and health of staff, relationship building among families and service providers and building collaborative service networks, child-care arrangements available to low-income families over the entire period of the study, children's environments and their relationship with caregivers, child's socioemotional functioning, child's cognitive and language development, parenting and the home environment, parental characteristics, and relationships with fathers and other adults. The Murray Research Archive also holds video and audiotape data for this study. The Murray also holds consortium use only files that are restricted to Early Head Start consortium members.

The Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS, formerly known as the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study) follows a cohort of nearly 5,000 children born in large, U.S. cities between 1998 and 2000. The study oversampled births to unmarried couples; and, when weighted, the data are representative of births in large U.S. cities at the turn of the century. The FFCWS was originally designed to address four questions of great interest to researchers and policy makers: What are the conditions and capabilities of unmarried parents, especially fathers? What is the nature of the relationships between unmarried parents? How do children born into these families fare? How do policies and environmental conditions affect families and children? The FFCWS consists of interviews with mothers, fathers, and/or primary caregivers at birth and again when children are ages 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, and 22. The parent interviews collected information on attitudes, relationships, parenting behavior, demographic characteristics, health (mental and physical), economic and employment status, neighborhood characteristics, and program participation. Beginning at age 9, children were interviewed directly (either during the home visit or on the telephone). The direct child interviews collected data on family relationships, home routines, schools, peers, and physical and mental health, as well as health behaviors. A collaborative study of the FFCWS, the In-Home Longitudinal Study of Pre-School Aged Children (In-Home Study) collected data from a subset of the FFCWS Core respondents at the Year 3 and 5 follow-ups to ask how parental resources in the form of parental presence or absence, time, and money influence children under the age of 5. The In-Home Study collected information on a variety of domains of the child's environment, including: the physical environment (quality of housing, nutrition and food security, health care, adequacy of clothing and supervision) and parenting (parental discipline, parental attachment, and cognitive stimulation). In addition, the In-Home Study also collected information on several important child outcomes, including anthropometrics, child behaviors, and cognitive ability. This information was collected through interviews with the child's primary caregiver, and direct observation of the child's home environment and the child's interactions with his or her caregiver. Similar activities were conducted during the Year 9 follow-up. At the Year 15 follow-up, a condensed set of home visit activities were conducted with a subsample of approximately 1,000 teens. Teens who participated in the In-Home Study were also invited to participate in a Sleep Study and were asked to wear an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for seven consecutive days to track their sleep (Sleep Actigraphy Data) and that day's behaviors and mood (Daily Sleep Actigraphy and Diary Survey Data). An additional collaborative study collected data from the child care provider (Year 3) and teacher (Years 9 and 15) through mail-based surveys. Saliva samples were collected at Year 9 and 15 (Biomarker file and Polygenic Scores). The Study of Adolescent Neural Development (SAND) COVID Study began data collection in May 2020 following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. It included online surveys with the young adult and their primary caregiver. The FFCWS began its seventh wave of data collection in October 2020, around the focal child's 22nd birthday. Data collection and interviews continued through January 2024. The Year 22 wave included a young adult (YA) survey with the original focal child and a primary caregiver (PCG) survey. Data were also collected on the children of the original focal child (referred to as Generation 3, or G3). Documentation for these files is available on the FFCWS website located here. For details of updates made to the FFCWS data files, please see the project's Data Alerts page. Data collection for the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R01HD36916, R01HD39135, and R01HD40421, as well as a consortium of private foundations.

As of 2018, the share of children in south Africa who stayed with a mother in the household was significantly higher than children staying in households with their biological father across all population groups. However, the gap was largest among the Black African population, where the share of children living with their father was as low as 31.7 percent, compared to the 74 percent for mothers in households. The story was different among Indian/Asian and White population with a higher share of the children living with their biological parents.

This study page contains cataloging and documentation files (only) related to the Early Head Start data archived in the Murray Research Archive Dataverse. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of early head start programs in response to the 1994 Head Start reauthorization which established a special initiative for services to families with infants and toddlers. The study was a program evaluation with 1500 families in Early Head Start programs and 1500 in a control group with no program participation. The participants included 30 00 low-income and poor families (child, mother, and some fathers). The participants were 34% African American, 24% Latino (a), 37% White, and 5% other ethnicity. The children were between 0-12 months at the time of enrollment. The mothers averaged 23 years of age, with over 1/3 of the mothers under the age of 18. Assessments with children and interviews with parents were conducted when children were 14, 24, and 36 months. Parents and children were also assessed at 6, 15, and 24 months after enrollment to ensure that information for comparison group families was comparable to program data on Early Head Start families. Early Head Start program directors and key staff working with children and families were also interviewed. Program evaluations occurred at 17 sites with matching numbers of participating and control families at each site. The study encompassed five major components: 1) An implementation study which examined service needs and use for low-income families with infants and toddlers, including assessment of program implementation, illuminating pathways to achieving quality, examining program contributions to community change, and identifying and exploring variations across sites; 2) An impact evaluation to analyze the effects of Early Head Start programs on children, parents and families in depth, while assessing outcomes for program staff and communities; 3) Local research studies by researchers to learn more about the pathways to desired outcomes for everyone involved in Early Head Start; 4) Policy studies to respond to information needs in areas of emerging policy-relevant issues, including welfare reform, fatherhood, child care, and children with disabilities; and 5) Formats for continuous program improvements. Multiple data collection method were employed including intensive site visits to the research programs, program documents, parent services follow-up interviews, child care observations, staff surveys, parent reports, direct assessment of children, observations by trained observers, and coding of videotaped parent-child interactions in problem solving and free-play situations. Variable assessed include variations across the programs, pathways to service quality, service needs and use for low income families with infants and toddlers, program contributions to community change, child and family outcomes, differential effects for families with certain characteristics living in particular contexts, differential impacts related to differences in program implementation, professional development, continuity, and health of staff, relationship building among families and service providers and building collaborative service networks, child-care arrangements available to low-income families over the entire period of the study, children's environments and their relationship with caregivers, child's socioemotional functioning, child's cognitive and language development, parenting and the home environment, parental characteristics, and relationships with fathers and other adults. The Murray Research Archive holds: Baseline Data; Parent Interview and Tracking Data; Parent Services Interview and Exit Interview; Childcare/Teacher Data; Father and Father/Child Data; and Constructs data. The Archive also holds video and audiotape data for this study, along with "Consortium Use Only" files that are restricted to Early Head Start consortium members. To request the data files, please see the links below in "Related Data." Audio Data Availability Note: This study contains audio data that have been digitized. There are 1939 audio files available.

In 2022, the child abuse rate for children of Hispanic origin was at 7, indicating 7 out of every 1,000 Hispanic children in the United States suffered from some sort of abuse. This rate was highest among American Indian or Alaska Native children, with 14.3 children out of every 1,000 experiencing some form of abuse. Child abuse in the U.S. The child abuse rate in the United States is highest among American Indian or Alaska Native victims, followed by African-American victims. It is most common among children between two to five years of age. While child abuse cases are fairly evenly distributed between girls and boys, more boys than girls are victims of abuse resulting in death. The most common type of maltreatment is neglect, followed by physical abuse. Risk factors Child abuse is often reported by teachers, law enforcement officers, or social service providers. In the large majority of cases, the perpetrators of abuse were a parent of the victim. Risk factors, such as teen pregnancy, violent crime, and poverty that are associated with abuse and neglect have been found to be quite high in the United States in comparison to other countries.