In 2023, non-Hispanic Black women had the highest rates of maternal mortality among select races/ethnicities in the United States, with 50.3 deaths per 100,000 live births. The total maternal mortality rate in the U.S. at that time was 18.6 per 100,000 live births, a decrease from a rate of almost 33 in 2021. This statistic presents the maternal mortality rates in the United States from 2018 to 2023, by race and ethnicity.

Maternal mortality rates can vary significantly around the world. For example, in 2022, Estonia had a maternal mortality rate of zero per 100,000 live births, while Mexico reported a rate of 38 deaths per 100,000 live births. However, the regions with the highest number of maternal deaths are Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, with differences between countries and regions often reflecting inequalities in health care services and access. Most causes of maternal mortality are preventable and treatable with the most common causes including severe bleeding, infections, complications during delivery, high blood pressure during pregnancy, and unsafe abortion. Maternal mortality in the United States In 2022, there were a total of 817 maternal deaths in the United States. Women aged 25 to 39 years accounted for 578 of these deaths, however, rates of maternal mortality are much higher among women aged 40 years and older. In 2022, the rate of maternal mortality among women aged 40 years and older in the U.S. was 87 per 100,000 live births, compared to a rate of 21 among women aged 25 to 39 years. The rate of maternal mortality in the U.S. has risen in recent years among all age groups. Differences in maternal mortality in the U.S. by race/ethnicity Sadly, there are great disparities in maternal mortality in the United States among different races and ethnicities. In 2022, the rate of maternal mortality among non-Hispanic white women was about 19 per 100,000 live births, while non-Hispanic Black women died from maternal causes at a rate of almost 50 per 100,000 live births. Rates of maternal mortality have risen for white and Hispanic women in recent years, but Black women have by far seen the largest increase in maternal mortality. In 2022, around 253 Black women died from maternal causes in the United States.

In 2020, it was determined that 83.5 percent of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States were preventable. That is, there was at least some chance of the maternal death being averted by one or more reasonable changes to patient, community, provider, facility, and/or systems factors. The U.S. has one of the highest maternal mortality rates among developed nations, and maternal mortality is disproportionately high among non-Hispanic Black women. This statistic shows the percentage of pregnancy-related deaths in the U.S. that were preventable in 2020.

The number of maternal deaths and maternal mortality rates for selected causes, 2000 to most recent year.

In 2020, an overwhelmingly large proportion of pregnancy-associated deaths in the United States were among non-Hispanic Black women. At that time, nearly one in three pregnancy-related deaths were among non-Hispanic Black women. This statistic shows the proportion of pregnancy-associated deaths in ** U.S. states that were determined to be pregnancy-related in 2020, by race and ethnicity.

In 2020, the leading causes of pregnancy-related deaths in the U.S. were different for different races and ethnicities. For example, mental health conditions were the leading cause of pregnancy-related deaths among ****************** women, while ****************** women mostly died from cardiovascular conditions, and******************* women from amniotic fluid embolism. This statistic shows the distribution of pregnancy-related deaths in 38 U.S. states in 2020, by underlying cause and ethnicity.

In Nigeria, Chad, South Sudan, and the Central African Republic, the maternal mortality rate was over 650 per 100,000 live births in 2023, respectively. Nigeria recorded the highest rate on the continent. That year, for every 100,000 children, 993 mothers died from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management. The maternal death rate in Chad equaled 748. South Sudan and the Central African Republic followed with 692 deaths per 100,000 live births each.

Objective: Covid-19 poses a major risk during pregnancy and postpartum, resulting in an increase in maternal mortality worldwide, including in Brazil; however, little research has been conducted into cases of a near miss. This study aimed to describe the frequency of COVID-19-related near miss and deaths during pregnancy or in the postpartum in referral centers in northeastern Brazil, as well as the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics of the women who experienced a severe maternal outcome. Methods: A retrospective and prospective cohort study was performed between April 2020 and June 2021 with hospitalized pregnant and postpartum women with a diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data from five tertiary hospitals in northeastern Brazil were evaluated. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info, version 7.2.5.0. Results: A total of 463 patients were included. Of these, 64 (14% of the sample) had a severe maternal outcome, with 42 cases of near miss (9%) and 22 maternal deaths (5%). Patients who had a severe maternal outcome were predominantly young (median age 30 years) and 65.6% were black or brown-skinned. The women had between 6 and 16 years of schooling; 45.3% had a stable partner; 81.3% were pregnant at the time of admission to the study; and 76.6% required a Cesarean section. The great majority (82.8%) had severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Other complications included hypertensive syndromes (40.6%), pneumonia (37.5%), urinary tract infections (29.7%), acute renal failure (25.0%) and postpartum hemorrhage (21.9%). Sepsis developed in 18.8% of cases, neurological dysfunction in 15.6%, and hepatic dysfunction and septic shock in 14.1% of cases each. The relative frequency of admission to an intensive care unit was 87.5%, while 67.2% of the patients required assisted mechanical ventilation, and 54.7% required noninvasive ventilation. Antibiotics were prescribed in 93.8% of cases and corticosteroids in 71.9%, while blood transfusion was required in 25.0% of cases and renal replacement therapy in 15.6%. Therapeutic anticoagulants were administered to 12.5% of the patients. Of the patients who had a severe maternal outcome, the frequency of respiratory dysfunction was 93.8%, with 50.0% developing neurological dysfunction and 37.5% cardiovascular dysfunction. Hematological dysfunction was found in 29.7%, renal dysfunction in 18.8%, and uterine dysfunction in 14.1%. Hepatic dysfunction occurred in 7.8% of the sample. The near-miss ratio for Covid-19 was 1.6/1000 live births and the maternal mortality ratio for Covid-19 was 84.8/100,000 live births, with a mortality index of 34.4% in the sample. Conclusion: This study revealed a low Covid-19-related maternal near miss (MNM) ratio of 1.6/1000 live births and a high Covid-19-related maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 84.81/100,000 live births. The mortality index was also high. Most of the patients were admitted while pregnant, were young, married and black or brown-skinned, and none had completed university education. The majority had SARS and required admission to an intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation. Most were submitted to a Cesarean section.

The STATA do files for creating recodes and analyzing the data files will be provided in this folder for each paper once submitted for publication. Revised do files will be uploaded after the peer review process is complete if there are any changes to the files. The data for this study are publicly available on the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey website (https://meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/). SummarySignificant racial and ethnic disparities in cardiometabolic diseases, such as diabetes, underline entrenched health inequalities in the United States. Non-pregnant, non-Hispanic black women of reproductive age (18-45 years) are more likely to have diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, which increases their risk of maternal morbidity and mortality during the perinatal period. Adherence to disease management and monitoring during the preconception period is crucial, especially among non-Hispanic black women who are disproportionately impacted by maternal morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown positive patient experiences are associated with adherence to recommended medication and treatment, preventive care use, and self-rated health outcomes. There is a dearth of studies, however, examining the effects of patient experiences (and racial differences in patient experiences) on chronic disease management outcomes specifically among non-pregnant, reproductive-age women with diabetes. An understanding of these associations have important implications for maternal morbidity and mortality. The goal of this study is to use the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey datasets (2012-2017 longitudinal files) and robust statistical modeling techniques to investigate racial differences in patient experience among non-pregnant, reproductive-age women with diabetes and its relation to ratings of health care received, diabetes care self-efficacy, and diabetes care monitoring. This study provides important information for researchers, clinicians, and policy-makers. The research addresses the Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) Strategic Research Issue II: MCH services and systems of care efforts to eliminate health disparities and barriers to health care access for MCH populations. This study informs the development of equitable clinical patient-centered practices that promote optimal disease management among diverse women and reduce racial and ethnic disparities in maternal health outcomes. It also strengthens and expands MCH Services Block Grant National Performance and Population Priority Domain I: “Well-Woman Visits and Preconception/Interconception Health”. This study is expected to help determine whether positive patient experiences can improve women’s confidence in their abilities to manage their diabetes, and increase their likelihood of receiving recommended diabetes care during the preconception or interconception period. By elucidating the mechanisms by which promoting patient-centered diabetes care interventions during the preconception/interconception period might improve disease management, our study can inform practices and policies that contribute to the attainment of following Healthy People 2020 Maternal, Infant, and Child Health (MIC) Objectives: Increase the proportion of women delivering a live birth who received preconception care services and practiced key recommended preconception health behaviors (MICH-16); Reduce the rate of maternal illness and complications due to pregnancy (MICH-6); and Reduce the rate of maternal mortality (MICH-5). Furthermore, our study findings are expected identify the patient experiences that have the greatest impact on diabetes management outcomes, and can lead to policy changes for provider reimbursements for demonstrating quality patient-provider interactions. By providing insights into ways health care professionals can better communicate with this at-risk population, our study is relevant to the attainment of Healthy People 2020 Health Communication and Health Information Technology (HC/HIT) Objectives: Increase the proportion of persons who report that their health care providers have satisfactory communication skills (HC/HIT-2) and Increase the proportion of persons who report that their health care providers always involved them in decisions about their health care as much as they wanted (HC/HIT-3).

UNICEF's country profile for Nigeria, including under-five mortality rates, child health, education and sanitation data.

Infant mortality rates in the United States reveal significant disparities among racial and ethnic groups. In 2023, Black mothers faced the highest rate at nearly 11 deaths per 1,000 live births, more than double the rate for white mothers. This stark contrast persists despite overall improvements in healthcare and highlights the need for targeted interventions to address these inequalities. Birth rates and fertility trends While infant mortality rates vary, birth rates also differ across ethnicities. Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander women had the highest fertility rate in 2022, with about 2,237.5 births per 1,000 women, far exceeding the national average of 1,656.5. In 2023, this group maintained the highest birth rate at 79 births per 1,000 women. Asian women, by contrast, had a much lower birth rate of around 50 per thousand women. These differences in fertility rates can impact overall population growth and demographic shifts within the United States. Hispanic birth trends and fertility decline The Hispanic population in the United States has experienced significant changes in birth trends over recent decades. In 2021, 885,916 babies were born to Hispanic mothers, with a birth rate of 14.1 per 1,000 of the Hispanic population. This represents a slight increase from the previous year. However, the fertility rate among Hispanic women has declined dramatically since 1990, dropping from 108 children per 1,000 women aged 15-44 to 63.4 in 2021. This decline aligns with broader trends of decreasing fertility rates in more industrialized nations.

Maternity Services Monthly Statistics September 2020, experimental statistics This is a report on NHS-funded maternity services in England for September 2020, using data submitted to the Maternity Services Data Set (MSDS). This is the latest report from the new version of the data set, MSDSv2. The new data set is a significant change which adds support for key policy initiatives such as personalised care plans and continuity of carer, as well as increased flexibility through the introduction of new clinical coding. This is a major change, so data quality and coverage has reduced from the levels seen in previous publications. The data derived from SNOMED codes is still being developed. We have included data on smoking at booking and birth weight and others such as BMI and alcohol consumption will follow in later publications. SNOMED data is also included in some of the published Clinical Quality Improvement Metrics (CQIMs) where rules have been applied to ensure rates are calculated only where data quality is high enough. System suppliers are at different stages of developing their new solution and delivering that to trusts. In some cases this has limited the aspects of data that could be submitted to NHS Digital. Data by organisation on the number of women placed on a Continuity of Carer pathway by 29 weeks gestation can be found in the measures file available for download. This month, for the first time, filtered data looking at placement of black and Asian women, and women from the most deprived decile of areas, has been published alongside the main metric. Statistics on Continuity of Carer have been published to provide data submitters and users with insight into the quality and completeness of their data, with a view to improving this ahead of formal measurement in March 2021 and beyond. Due to variations in data quality and completeness, these statistics may not accurately reflect the true number of women placed on a Continuity of Carer pathway at this early stage of development. For the additional breakdowns, the focus on looking at placement of black and Asian women, and women from the most deprived decile of areas is in line with the Long Term Plan commitment that 75% of women from these groups should receive continuity of carer by 2024. A numerator and denominator will be shown for all providers, but only providers that score 5% or more will be included in the national-level rate, as a basic test for data quality. Data Quality assessment criteria will be developed further in coming months. These statistics are classified as experimental and should be used with caution. Experimental statistics are new official statistics undergoing evaluation. More information about experimental statistics can be found on the UK Statistics Authority website.

UNICEF's country profile for Sweden, including under-five mortality rates, child health, education and sanitation data.

BackgroundGum disease during pregnancy is not just a dental issue but a significant public health concern with potential implications for maternal and child health. This study aims to estimate the national prevalence of gum disease among pregnant women and examine the association of maternal gum disease during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes.MethodsA retrospective case-control study used the PRAMS (phase 8, 2016–2020) dataset. Propensity score matching was employed to match cases in a 1:3 ratio. Logistic regression was used to test the associations between maternal gum disease, low birth weight, and small gestational age.ResultsThe study revealed a prevalence rate of 207 cases per 100,000 pregnant women. Notable differences were observed, with higher prevalence rates among younger women (20–24 yrs), racial minorities (Black women), and those with lower educational attainment (9–12 grade, no diploma). Maternal gum disease was associated with an increased risk of small for gestational age (SGA) and falls below the 10th percentile (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.56–3.75, p 

UNICEF's country profile for Germany, including under-five mortality rates, child health, education and sanitation data.

In 2022, the maternal mortality rate in Russia amounted to ** deaths per 100 thousand live births, thus marking a considerable decrease from the previous year when it was measured at **** deaths per 100 thousand live births. In 2021, the figure almost reached the level of 2000, when **** mothers died per 100 thousand live births.

In 2022, there were about 4.15 million Black families in the United States with a single mother. This is an increase from 1990 levels, when there were about 3.4 million Black families with a single mother.

Single parenthood

The typical family is comprised of two parents and at least one child. However, that is not the case in every single situation. A single parent is someone who has a child but no spouse or partner. Single parenthood occurs for different reasons, including divorce, death, abandonment, or single-person adoption. Historically, single parenthood was common due to mortality rates due to war, diseases, and maternal mortality. However, divorce was not as common back then, depending on the culture.

Single parent wellbeing

In countries where social welfare programs are not strong, single parents tend to suffer more financially, emotionally, and mentally. In the United States, most single parents are mothers. The struggles that single parents face are greater than those in two parent households. The number of families with a single mother in the United States has increased since 1990, but the poverty rate of black families with a single mother has significantly decreased since that same year. In comparison, the poverty rate of Asian families with a single mother, and the percentage of white, non-Hispanic families with a single mother who live below the poverty level in the United States have both been fluctuating since 2002.

The infant mortality rate in the United States, for children under the age of one (twelve months), was 60 deaths per thousand births in 1935. Approximately six percent of children born in 1935 did not survive past their first birthday. Over the course of the next 85 years, this number has dropped significantly, and the rate has reached its lowest point ever in the period between 2015 and 2020, at six deaths per thousand births. Figures have been below ten since the 1990s.

This is a publication on maternity activity in English NHS hospitals. This report examines data relating to delivery and birth episodes in 2022-23, and the booking appointments for these deliveries. This annual publication covers the financial year ending March 2023. Data is included from both the Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) data warehouse and the Maternity Services Data Set (MSDS). HES contains records of all admissions, appointments and attendances for patients admitted to NHS hospitals in England. The HES data used in this publication are called 'delivery episodes'. The MSDS collects records of each stage of the maternity service care pathway in NHS-funded maternity services, and includes information not recorded in HES. The MSDS is a maturing, national-level dataset. In April 2019 the MSDS transitioned to a new version of the dataset. This version, MSDS v2.0, is an update that introduced a new structure and content - including clinical terminology, in order to meet current clinical practice and incorporate new requirements. It is designed to meet requirements that resulted from the National Maternity Review, which led to the publication of the Better Births report in February 2016. This is the fourth publication of data from MSDS v2.0 and data from 2019-20 onwards is not directly comparable to data from previous years. This publication shows the number of HES delivery episodes during the period, with a number of breakdowns including by method of onset of labour, delivery method and place of delivery. It also shows the number of MSDS deliveries recorded during the period, with breakdowns including the baby's first feed type, birthweight, place of birth, and breastfeeding activity; and the mothers' ethnicity and age at booking. There is also data available in a separate file on breastfeeding at 6 to 8 weeks. The count of Total Babies includes both live and still births, and previous changes to how Total Babies and Total Deliveries were calculated means that comparisons between 2019-20 MSDS data and later years should be made with care. Information on how all measures are constructed can be found in the HES Metadata and MSDS Metadata files provided below. In this publication we have also included an interactive Power BI dashboard to enable users to explore key NHS Maternity Statistics measures. The purpose of this publication is to inform and support strategic and policy-led processes for the benefit of patient care. This report will also be of interest to researchers, journalists and members of the public interested in NHS hospital activity in England. Any feedback on this publication or dashboard can be provided to enquiries@nhsdigital.nhs.uk, under the subject “NHS Maternity Statistics”.

In 2022, the infant mortality rate in the United States was 5.4 out of every 1,000 live births. This is a significant decrease from 1960, when infant mortality was at around 26 deaths out of every 1,000 live births. What is infant mortality? The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of babies under the age of one per 1,000 live births. There are many causes for infant mortality, which include birth defects, low birth weight, pregnancy complications, and sudden infant death syndrome. In order to decrease the high rates of infant mortality, there needs to be an increase in education and medicine so babies and mothers can receive the proper treatment needed. Maternal mortality is also related to infant mortality. If mothers can attend more prenatal visits and have more access to healthcare facilities, maternal mortality can decrease, and babies have a better chance of surviving in their first year. Worldwide infant mortality rates Infant mortality rates vary worldwide; however, some areas are more affected than others. Afghanistan suffered from the highest infant mortality rate in 2024, and the following 19 countries all came from Africa, with the exception of Pakistan. On the other hand, Slovenia had the lowest infant mortality rate that year. High infant mortality rates can be attributed to lack of sanitation, technological advancements, and proper natal care. In the United States, Massachusetts had the lowest infant mortality rate, while Mississippi had the highest in 2022. Overall, the number of neonatal and post neonatal deaths in the United States has been steadily decreasing since 1995.