Racial diversity is measured by a diversity index that is calculated using United States Census racial and ethnic population characteristics from the PL-94 data file. The diversity index is a quantitative measure of the distribution of the proportion of five major ethnic populations (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Asian and Pacific Islander, Hispanic, and Two or more races). The index ranges from 0 (low diversity meaning only one group is present) to 1 (meaning an equal proportion of all five groups is present). The diversity score for the United States in 2010 is 0.60. The diversity score for the San Francisco Bay Region is 0.84. Within the region, Solano (0.89) and Alameda (0.90) Counties are the most diverse and the remaining North Bay (0.55 - 0.64) Counties are the least diverse.

Demographic characteristics among non-Latina Whites, non-Latina Blacks, and Latinas in the San Francisco Bay Area Breast Cancer Study 1996–2002.

Ranges are given in terms of ±1 standard deviation. ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study; BCFR, Breast Cancer Family Registry; CARE, Los Angeles component of the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study, DHS, Dallas Heart Study; FIND, Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes Study; GCI, Genomics Collaborative Study; Health ABC, Health, Aging and Body Composition Study; JHS, Jackson Heart Study; LIFE, Learning the Influence of Family and the Environment Study; MEC, Multiethnic Cohort of Los Angeles and Hawaii; MrOS, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study; SFBABCS, the San Francisco Bay Area Breast Cancer Study; SOF, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures; WCHS, Women's Circle of Health Study; WGA, whole genome amplification.aBMI were measured in an actual clinical visit in the six prospective cohort studies and in the BCFR, SFBABCS and WCHS; for others, BMI was calculated from self-reported weight and height.bThese studies include case-control studies and so are not a representative cross-section of the populations. BCFR, CARE, LIFE, SFBABCS and WCHS oversampled women with breast cancer. FIND oversampled individuals with nephropathy. GCI focused on individuals with hypertension. MEC oversampled individuals with type 2 diabetes, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and hypertension.

Characteristics of participants at each round of the study compared to study region population.

See tables for region and stratum population-adjusted estimates for COVID-19 outcomes and mitigation analyses. (XLSX)

Population-adjusted prevalence of antibodies from COVID-19 vaccination in Round 3 within race/ethnicity and age groups and prevalence differences between non-White and White individuals.

Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis assessing associations between demographic characteristics and religiosity among young trans women, San Francisco Bay Area, 2012–13 (N = 300).