Brazil conducted its first nationwide census in 1872, just 16 years before slavery's official abolition in 1888. Modern estimates place Brazil's total population in 1872 at approximately 10.3 million; the exclusion of non-white infants and indigenous populations from the census is likely the cause of this deficit. The 1872 census showed that non-whites made up the majority of Brazil's population at this time, at roughly 5.75 million, compared to the white population of 3.79 million. Of these 5.75 million, over 4.2 million were free, compared to 1.5 million living in slavery; this gives a ratio of almost three free non-whites for every one slave. To compare, in the United States in 1860, there were at least eight slaves for every one free person of color in the years leading up to slavery's nationwide abolition.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the population of Brazil by race. It includes the population of Brazil across racial categories (excluding ethnicity) as identified by the Census Bureau. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Brazil across relevant racial categories.

Key observations

The percent distribution of Brazil population by race (across all racial categories recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau): 93.58% are white, 0.21% are Black or African American, 0.30% are Asian, 1.64% are some other race and 4.28% are multiracial.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Racial categories include:

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian and Alaska Native
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
• Some other race
• Two or more races (multiracial)

Variables / Data Columns

• Race: This column displays the racial categories (excluding ethnicity) for the Brazil
• Population: The population of the racial category (excluding ethnicity) in the Brazil is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the percentage distribution of each race as a proportion of Brazil total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Brazil Population by Race & Ethnicity. You can refer the same here

According to the most recent national census, approximately 46 percent of the people residing in Brazil identified as Pardo Brazilians making it the largest ethnic group in the country. However, when breaking it down by regions, it can be seen that the ethnic distribution of Brazilian population varied considerably across the country. In the North, for example, 69 percent of the population identify as Pardo, while this share fell to 22 percent in the South, where 71 of inhabitants are white. The Northeast has the largest percentage of black people, with 13 percent.

In 2023, according to the most recent national data, approximately 46 percent of people living in Brazil identified as Pardo Brazilian, making it the largest ethnic group in the country. In 2012, whites were the largest group, accounting for 46 percent of the population.

Abstract First, this study updates and reconstructs the analysis carried out by Soares (2008) on the phenomenon of change in racial identification that has been occurring in Brazil since the early 2000s. Second, this analysis is expanded to include research into the existence of regional differences in this process. Results show that increases in the percentage of black population in Brazil, and in all of its five macro-regions were due almost exclusively to the change in the way people see themselves. As for the effect of the change in racial identification on the increase in the number of blacks, it was found that this varies considerably from region to region, being stronger in the South and Southeast major regions. Finally, the paper argues that any intertemporal analysis, starting in the 2000s, involving self-declaration of color or race, is potentially affected by this process of change in racial identification.

In 2023, the share of Black people killed by the police was higher than the share of the black population in almost all the Brazilian states listed. In Pernambuco, the difference between the proportion of black population and black people killed by the police was of 30 percentage points. Except for São Paulo and Piauí, more than 80 percent of civilians killed by security agents were black in all states covered in this study.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Non-Hispanic population of Brazil by race. It includes the distribution of the Non-Hispanic population of Brazil across various race categories as identified by the Census Bureau. The dataset can be utilized to understand the Non-Hispanic population distribution of Brazil across relevant racial categories.

Key observations

Of the Non-Hispanic population in Brazil, the largest racial group is White alone with a population of 7,751 (95.02% of the total Non-Hispanic population).

https://i.neilsberg.com/ch/brazil-in-population-by-race-and-ethnicity.jpeg" alt="Brazil Non-Hispanic population by race">

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2017-2021 5-Year Estimates.

Racial categories include:

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian and Alaska Native
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
• Some other race
• Two or more races (multiracial)

Variables / Data Columns

• Race: This column displays the racial categories (for Non-Hispanic) for the Brazil
• Population: The population of the racial category (for Non-Hispanic) in the Brazil is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the percentage distribution of each race as a proportion of Brazil total Non-Hispanic population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Brazil Population by Race & Ethnicity. You can refer the same here

Context

Percentage of resident persons who declared themselves black in relation to the total resident population, at the reference date of the Demographic Census. Source: IBGE, Demographic Census 2010 and Municipal fabric 2010. http://www.geoservicos.ibge.gov.br/geoserver/wms?service=WFS&version=1.0.0&request=GetFeature&typeName=CGEO:vw_per_black_people& om the dataset summary Population Census and Mesh ... License not specified spatial: "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[- [- 74.0046, -33.7411], [- 34.7929, -33.7411], [- 34.7929,5.2727], [- 74.0046,5.2727], [- 74.0046, -33.7411 ]]] http://dados.gov.br/dataset/cgeo_vw_per_pessoas_pretas

Content

Author and Maintainer: Geosciences Directorate - IBGE and Research Directorate - IBGE Last update: June 12, 2018 package id: 4565a7e3-9509-43dc-b074-433451ef7a47 Organ - Sphere: Federal. Organ - Power: Executive.

Acknowledgements

Geosciences Directorate - IBGE and Research Directorate - IBGE http://dados.gov.br

Photo by Anomaly on Unsplash

Inspiration

Nelson Mandela: was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalized racism and fostering racial reconciliation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela

Martin Luther King Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Christian minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. Born in Atlanta Georgia, King is best known for advancing civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, inspired by his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr.

Brazil Population Census: North: Amazonas: Santa Isabel do Rio Negro data was reported at 18,146.000 Person in 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 16,921.000 Person for 2007. Brazil Population Census: North: Amazonas: Santa Isabel do Rio Negro data is updated yearly, averaging 14,521.000 Person from Jul 1996 (Median) to 2010, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18,146.000 Person in 2010 and a record low of 10,561.000 Person in 2000. Brazil Population Census: North: Amazonas: Santa Isabel do Rio Negro data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAC039: Population Census: by Municipality: North: Amazonas.

In the third quarter of 2024, 7.6 percent of the black population in Brazil was unemployed. The unemployment rate for Pardo Brazilians was approximately seven percent, while for whites it was five percent.

Brazil and the United States are the two most populous countries in the Americas today. In 1500, the year that Pedro Álvares Cabral made landfall in present-day Brazil and claimed it for the Portuguese crown, it is estimated that there were roughly one million people living in the region. Some estimates for the present-day United States give a population of two million in the year 1500, although estimates vary greatly. By 1820, the population of the U.S. was still roughly double that of Brazil, but rapid growth in the 19th century would see it grow 4.5 times larger by 1890, before the difference shrunk during the 20th century. In 2024, the U.S. has a population over 340 million people, making it the third most populous country in the world, while Brazil has a population of almost 218 million and is the sixth most populous. Looking to the future, population growth is expected to be lower in Brazil than in the U.S. in the coming decades, as Brazil's fertility rates are already lower, and migration rates into the United States will be much higher. Historical development The indigenous peoples of present-day Brazil and the U.S. were highly susceptible to diseases brought from the Old World; combined with mass displacement and violence, their population growth rates were generally low, therefore migration from Europe and the import of enslaved Africans drove population growth in both regions. In absolute numbers, more Europeans migrated to North America than Brazil, whereas more slaves were transported to Brazil than the U.S., but European migration to Brazil increased significantly in the early 1900s. The U.S. also underwent its demographic transition much earlier than in Brazil, therefore its peak period of population growth was almost a century earlier than Brazil. Impact of ethnicity The demographics of these countries are often compared, not only because of their size, location, and historical development, but also due to the role played by ethnicity. In the mid-1800s, these countries had the largest slave societies in the world, but a major difference between the two was the attitude towards interracial procreation. In Brazil, relationships between people of different ethnic groups were more common and less stigmatized than in the U.S., where anti-miscegenation laws prohibited interracial relationships in many states until the 1960s. Racial classification was also more rigid in the U.S., and those of mixed ethnicity were usually classified by their non-white background. In contrast, as Brazil has a higher degree of mixing between those of ethnic African, American, and European heritage, classification is less obvious, and factors such as physical appearance or societal background were often used to determine racial standing. For most of the 20th century, Brazil's government promoted the idea that race was a non-issue and that Brazil was racially harmonious, but most now acknowledge that this actually ignored inequality and hindered progress. Racial inequality has been a prevalent problem in both countries since their founding, and today, whites generally fare better in terms of education, income, political representation, and even life expectancy. Despite this adversity, significant progress has been made in recent decades, as public awareness of inequality has increased, and authorities in both countries have made steps to tackle disparities in areas such as education, housing, and employment.

In 2023, the prevalence of extreme poverty among black men and women in Brazil was higher than that observed in other demographic groups. In particular, the rate of extreme poverty among black men reached two percent, which was the highest among all demographic groups.

Brazil Population: Residents: South: Santa Catarina: Cerro Negro data was reported at 3,181.000 Person in 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3,254.000 Person for 2017. Brazil Population: Residents: South: Santa Catarina: Cerro Negro data is updated yearly, averaging 3,823.000 Person from Jun 1992 (Median) to 2018, with 24 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,116.000 Person in 1992 and a record low of 3,181.000 Person in 2018. Brazil Population: Residents: South: Santa Catarina: Cerro Negro data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAA055: Population: by Municipality: South: Santa Catarina.

Abstract The study analyzes the demographic boom of African slave populations in the plantation areas from the Mapas de População of Maranhão. In particular, we focus on the parish of Rosário do Itapecuru using other sources - post-mortem inventories and parish baptismal records. The maps from 1798 and 1821 made it possible to evidence the gender, age, ethnicity and legal status of the resident population as well as show the importance of slave population in cotton and rice crop areas, reaching almost 80% of residents. These populations, in turn, presented certain peculiarities in relation to other plantation areas in the State of Brazil, such as the sex ratio marked by the almost parity between men and women.

Brazil Population Census: North: Tocantins: Aparecida do Rio Negro data was reported at 4,213.000 Person in 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,018.000 Person for 2007. Brazil Population Census: North: Tocantins: Aparecida do Rio Negro data is updated yearly, averaging 3,832.000 Person from Jul 1996 (Median) to 2010, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,213.000 Person in 2010 and a record low of 3,517.000 Person in 2000. Brazil Population Census: North: Tocantins: Aparecida do Rio Negro data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAC043: Population Census: by Municipality: North: Tocantis.

COVID-19 incidence and mortality in countries with heavy social inequalities differ in population terms. In countries like Brazil with colonial histories and traditions, the social markers of differences are heavily anchored in social and racial demarcation, and the political and social dynamics and processes based on structural racism act on this demarcation. The pandemic’s actual profile in Brazil clashes with narratives according to which COVID-19 is a democratic pandemic, an argument aligned with the rhetoric of racial democracy that represents a powerful strategy aimed at maintaining the subaltern place of racialized populations such as indigenous peoples and blacks, as a product of modern coloniality. This essay focuses on the pandemic’s profile in the Brazilian black population, in dialogue with decolonial contributions and critical readings of racism. The authors discuss government responses and COVID-19 indicators according to race/color, demonstrating the maintenance of historical storylines that continue to threaten black lives. The article also discusses the importance of local resistance movements, organized in the favelas, precarious urban spaces underserved by the State and occupied by black Brazilians.

Brazil Population: Residents: North: Rondônia: Monte Negro data was reported at 15,695.000 Person in 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 16,186.000 Person for 2017. Brazil Population: Residents: North: Rondônia: Monte Negro data is updated yearly, averaging 14,020.500 Person from Jun 1992 (Median) to 2018, with 24 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16,881.000 Person in 2006 and a record low of 6,383.000 Person in 1993. Brazil Population: Residents: North: Rondônia: Monte Negro data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAA037: Population: by Municipality: North: Rondônia.

The average monthly income per person in Brazil is higher for white workers than for other ethnic groups. In 2024, the gap was ***** Brazilian reals per month when compared to the average income of the black population.

In the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2023, 42 percent of the population identified as white and 57.8 percent as black, including Pardo Brazilians. However, the number of white civilians killed as a result of police intervention reached nearly 13 percent that year, while black victims made up the remaining 87 percent.

ABSTRACT This article aims to contribute to the reflection on the impacts of the covid-19 pandemic on the black population, having as a trigger point the urgent need to analyze the asymmetries that the global health emergency produces, particularly in contexts of social inequality, such as is the case in Brazil, where the socially vulnerable population is represented mainly by the black population, in their different specific groups, typified by gender, by restrictions on access to education, social protection, adequate housing, basic sanitation services and the internet, as well as, by occupation/unemployment, by geographic space, and by deprivation of liberty - although, paradoxically, quantitatively it comprises the majority of the Brazilian population, which accumulates the worst indicators.