A blockchain is a distributed ledger with growing lists of records (blocks) that are securely linked together via cryptographic hashes. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data (generally represented as a Merkle tree, where data nodes are represented by leaves). Since each block contains information about the previous block, they effectively form a chain (compare linked list data structure), with each additional block linking to the ones before it. Consequently, blockchain transactions are irreversible in that, once they are recorded, the data in any given block cannot be altered retroactively without altering all subsequent blocks.

Inspiration

Bitcoin's Blockchain is public. Anybody can run a node locally and get access to all the blocks, since genesis to the current height. However, this process can take some time as the current size exceeds 400 gigabytes and managing the data can be complex as most implementations require the data to be decoded.

The purpose of this dataset is to aid individual researches and developers to be able to analyze the blockchain deeply or even train machine learning models in just a few minutes, instead of several hours/days.

Content

dataset.csv

In this dataset, you will get access to the most relevant information about the Bitcoin Blockchain to kick off your data science project or machine learning model. It is also very easy to subset the data if you're looking to focus on a specific date range.

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The AWS Public Blockchain Data initiative provides free access to blockchain datasets through collaboration with data providers. The data is optimized for analytics by being transformed into compressed Parquet files, partitioned by date for efficient querying.

Datasets

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Context

Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have captured the imagination of technologists, financiers, and economists. Digital currencies are only one application of the underlying blockchain technology. Like its predecessor, Bitcoin, the Ethereum blockchain can be described as an immutable distributed ledger. However, creator Vitalik Buterin also extended the set of capabilities by including a virtual machine that can execute arbitrary code stored on the blockchain as smart contracts.

Both Bitcoin and Ethereum are essentially OLTP databases, and provide little in the way of OLAP (analytics) functionality. However the Ethereum dataset is notably distinct from the Bitcoin dataset:

• The Ethereum blockchain has as its primary unit of value Ether, while the Bitcoin blockchain has Bitcoin. However, the majority of value transfer on the Ethereum blockchain is composed of so-called tokens. Tokens are created and managed by smart contracts.

• Ether value transfers are precise and direct, resembling accounting ledger debits and credits. This is in contrast to the Bitcoin value transfer mechanism, for which it can be difficult to determine the balance of a given wallet address.

• Addresses can be not only wallets that hold balances, but can also contain smart contract bytecode that allows the programmatic creation of agreements and automatic triggering of their execution. An aggregate of coordinated smart contracts could be used to build a decentralized autonomous organization.

Content

The Ethereum blockchain data are now available for exploration with BigQuery. All historical data are in the ethereum_blockchain dataset, which updates daily.

Our hope is that by making the data on public blockchain systems more readily available it promotes technological innovation and increases societal benefits.

Querying BigQuery tables

You can use the BigQuery Python client library to query tables in this dataset in Kernels. Note that methods available in Kernels are limited to querying data. Tables are at bigquery-public-data.crypto_ethereum.[TABLENAME]. Fork this kernel to get started.

Acknowledgements

Cover photo by Thought Catalog on Unsplash

Inspiration

• What are the most popularly exchanged digital tokens, represented by ERC-721 and ERC-20 smart contracts?
• Compare transaction volume and transaction networks over time
• Compare transaction volume to historical prices by joining with other available data sources like Bitcoin Historical Data

Description: The Blockchain-Optimized Distributed Network Security Dataset provides a structured collection of security, performance, and green computing metrics for evaluating the security resilience of distributed networks using blockchain technology. It is designed to support research on network security frameworks, intrusion detection, blockchain-based authentication, and energy-efficient computing.

Key Features: Network Security Metrics: Includes intrusion attempts, anomaly scores, breach status, and security threat levels. Blockchain-Based Security Attributes: Captures smart contract execution time, transaction verification status, and decentralized authentication scores. Green Computing Metrics: Measures energy consumption, resource utilization efficiency, operational cost savings, and peak load reduction. System Performance Indicators: Availability, integrity, confidentiality, scalability, and throughput. Target Column: Binary classification (1 = Secure, 0 = Not Secure) based on security conditions.

This dataset surfaces data from the Ethereum blockchain and includes tables for blocks, transactions, logs, and more. Ethereum is a decentralized open-source blockchain system that features its own cryptocurrency, Ether. A blockchain is an ever-growing tree of blocks. Each block contains a number of transactions. For more information, see the Blockchain Analytics documentation .

Bitcoin data infrastructure for production teams. Open-source SDK, hosted Portal API, validated archive of blocks, transactions, inputs & outputs. Real-time and historical access. Free tier, no node operations.

Blockchain and crypto attracted significantly fewer investments in 2025 than they did in 2021, as the value of deals declined. In 2021, these sectors attracted over 30 billion U.S. dollars globally - including venture capital, private equity, and mergers and acquisitions deals. Previously, the highest value of investments concentrated in this fintech branch was recorded in 2018, when this figure amounted to about 7.2 billion U.S. dollars.

Bitcoin's blockchain size was close to reaching 673.58 gigabytes in September 2025, as the database saw exponential growth by nearly one gigabyte every few days. The Bitcoin blockchain contains a continuously growing and tamper-evident list of all Bitcoin transactions and records since its initial release in January 2009. Bitcoin has a set limit of 21 million coins, the last of which will be mined around 2140, according to a forecast made in 2017. Bitcoin mining: A somewhat uncharted world Despite interest in the topic, there are few accurate figures on how big Bitcoin mining is on a country-by-country basis. Bitcoin's design philosophy is at the heart of this. Created out of protest against governments and central banks, Bitcoin's blockchain effectively hides both the country of origin and the destination country within a (mining) transaction. Research involving IP addresses placed the United States as the world's most Bitcoin mining country in 2022, but the source admits IP addresses can easily be manipulated using VPN. Note that mining figures are different from figures on Bitcoin trading: Africa and Latin America were more interested in buying and selling BTC than some of the world's developed economies. Bitcoin developments Bitcoin's trade volume slowed in the second quarter of 2023 after hitting a noticeable growth at the beginning of the year. The coin outperformed most of the market. Some attribute this to the announcement in June 2023 that BlackRock filed for a Bitcoin ETF. This iShares Bitcoin Trust was to use Coinbase Custody as its custodian. Regulators in the United States had not yet approved any applications for spot ETFs on Bitcoin.

Real estate is expected to become the largest type of tokenized asset in 2030, taking up nearly 30 percent of the overall market by then. This is according to a forecast made in 2023, which assumes that real-world asset (RWA) tokenization will take up less than one percent of the entire RWA market. The topic of tokenization is connected to both NFTs - most notably the digitalization of art pieces or digital variants of shoes - and the metaverse - with virtual real estate in online environments like Decentraland. Consequently, tokenization is a potential use case of blockchain technology.

Description

This dataset contains the Pagerank values and rankings of Bitcoin addresses and transaction IDs (TXID). It contains a total of 1.608.748.675 addresses or TXIDs.

Part 2 is available at https://zenodo.org/deposit/6077428

File format

The dataset is compressed with bzip2. It can be uncompressed using the command bunzip2. The dataset is divided into multiple files since it was large. The files are space-delimited plain text files and have the following five fields:

Label: A alphanumeric Bitcoin address (e.g. 1DzTCMmWABEDM1rYFL1RgdLyE59jXMzEHV) or a 64 character hexadecimal transaction ID (e.g. 000000000fdf0c619cd8e0d512c7e2c0da5a5808e60f12f1e0d01522d2986a51) Type: String

Label type: It's value is 0 if the label is transaction ID and 1 if the label is a Bitcoin address. Type: Integer

Rank: Unique Pagerank rank where the ties (addresses having the same Pagerank value) are resolved by sorting the addresses. Type: Integer

Rank with ties: Pagerank rank where the ties (addresses having the same Pagerank value) have the same rank. Type: Integer

Pagerank value: Pagerank of the address and transaction IDs calculated using Pagerank algorithm. Type: Floating-point number

Sample lines:

000000000fdf0c619cd8e0d512c7e2c0da5a5808e60f12f1e0d01522d2986a51 0 427225664 266976712 0.979246
1DzTCMmWABEDM1rYFL1RgdLyE59jXMzEHV 1 1114666798 508037940 0.877961

"head.txt" contains the first 10 lines of each file. "tail.txt" contains the last 10 lines of each file.

Dataset Generation

The Bitcoin transactions between blocks 0 (mined on 03.01.2009) and 713.999 (mined on 13.12.2021) are extracted. A transaction graph is constructed, where Bitcoin addresses and transaction IDs are nodes of the graph and the transaction inputs and outputs are edges of the graph. Pagerank is applied on this transaction graph. This computation is performed using the system presented in the paper 'Parallel analysis of Ethereum blockchain transaction data using cluster computing'.

Note

If you use our dataset in your research, please cite our paper: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10586-021-03511-0

@article{kilic2022parallel, 
 title={Parallel Analysis of Ethereum Blockchain Transaction Data using Cluster Computing}, 
 journal={Cluster Computing},
 author={K{\i}l{\i}{\c{c}}, Baran and {\"O}zturan, Can and Sen, Alper},
 year={2022},
 month={Jan} 
}

Other Datasets

If you are interested, please also check out our Pagerank Dataset for Ethereum Blockchain.

In the first quarter of 2021 alone, blockchain startup companies around the world amassed 2.6 billion U.S. dollars in venture-capital funding, more than the whole year of 2020. The surge in funding at the beginning of the year was a result of a few large rounds for blockchain startups such as crypto wallter provider Blockchain.com. Blockchain technology overview Blockchain is a form of tamper-evident distributed ledger of records, which offers businesses a secure way to record transactions across a peer-to-peer network. Still a relatively new phenomenon, organizations from countries around the world are rushing to introduce the technology into their businesses. Blockchain is perhaps best known for its use within cryptocurrency technology, but its potential use cases cover a much broader spectrum apart from digital currencies. Within companies, some of the most popular blockchain use cases include data validation, data access, and identity protection. More than 60 percent of surveyed global organizations planned to invest one million U.S. dollars or more on the deployment of blockchain solutions in their organizations in the year following mid 2020.

As of 2021, 45 percent of respondents stated that their companies were working on secure information exchange as a use case based on blockchain technology, making it the most popular use case of the technology. Digital currency such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, asset tracking and management etc. are also common blockchain use cases.

Description The IoT Blockchain Security Dataset is designed for research and development in IoT security and blockchain-based threat mitigation. It contains 1,000 records of simulated IoT network activity, focusing on security threats, blockchain transaction details, and attack mitigation outcomes.

This dataset can be used for machine learning models, anomaly detection, and security analysis in IoT environments. Key Features Multi-Layer IoT Security: Covers Device, Network, and Application layers.

Blockchain Integration: Includes consensus mechanisms (PoW, PoS, PBFT, PoA).

Attack Mitigation Tracking: Indicates whether an attack was successfully mitigated.

Performance Metrics: Features data size, processing time, blockchain latency, and energy consumption.

entity classification

English news that mention the "Blockchain". Crawled date: Jan, 2026. Documents count: 1,000+.

Base data infrastructure for production teams. Open-source SDK, hosted Portal API, validated archive of blocks, transactions, logs & traces. Real-time and historical access across 2 networks. Free tier, no node operations.

According to a report published by incoPat, China accounted for the largest share of the leading 100 companies which filed the most global blockchain invention patent applications between January and October 2020, making up 46 percent of the companies. Next came the United States with 24 percent of the leading companies in the field.

Digital finance, cryptocurrency and blockchain data in support of the EU Legislative Framework on crypto assets, digital currencies and blockchains, such as Establishment of the Digital Euro and Markets in Crypto-assets . On-chain and off-chain data including cryptocurrency distribution metrics. Transaction data by cohort, crypto exchange in- and outflows and block-specific data.

Complete dataset included in the full report. Detailed tables, regional splits, forecasts, and methodologies are available with purchase.

Polygon data infrastructure for production teams. Open-source SDK, hosted Portal API, validated archive of blocks, transactions, logs & traces. Real-time and historical access across 2 networks. Free tier, no node operations.