Context

In this dataset you can find the Top 100 companies in the technology sector. You can also find 5 of the most important and used indices in the financial market as well as a list of all the companies in the S&P 500 index and in the technology sector.

The Global Industry Classification Standard also known as GICS is the primary financial industry standard for defining sector classifications. The Global Industry Classification Standard was developed by index providers MSCI and Standard and Poor’s. Its hierarchy begins with 11 sectors which can be further delineated to 24 industry groups, 69 industries, and 158 sub-industries.

You can read the definition of each sector here.

The 11 broad GICS sectors commonly used for sector breakdown reporting include the following: Energy, Materials, Industrials, Consumer Discretionary, Consumer Staples, Health Care, Financials, Information Technology, Telecommunication Services, Utilities and Real Estate.

In this case we will focuse in the Technology Sector. You can see all the sectors and industry groups here.

To determine which companies, correspond to the technology sector, we use Yahoo Finance, where we rank the companies according to their “Market Cap”. After having the list of the Top 100 best valued companies in the sector, we proceeded to download the historical data of each of the companies using the NASDAQ website.

Regarding to the indices, we searched various sources to find out which were the most used and determined that the 5 most frequently used indices are: Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJI), S&P 500 (SPX), NASDAQ Composite (IXIC), Wilshire 5000 Total Market Inde (W5000) and to specifically view the technology sector SPDR Select Sector Fund - Technology (XLK). Historical data for these indices was also obtained from the NASDQ website.

Content

In total there are 107 files in csv format. They are composed as follows:

• 100 files contain the historical data of tech companies.
• 5 files contain the historical data of the most used indices.
• 1 file contain the list of all the companies in the S&P 500 index.
• 1 file contain the list of all the companies in the technology sector.

Column Description

Every company and index file has the same structure with the same columns:

Date: It is the date on which the prices were recorded. High: Is the highest price at which a stock traded during the course of the trading day. Low: Is the lowest price at which a stock traded during the course of the trading day. Open: Is the price at which a stock started trading when the opening bell rang. Close: Is the last price at which a stock trades during a regular trading session. Volume: Is the number of shares that changed hands during a given day. Adj Close: The adjusted closing price factors in corporate actions, such as stock splits, dividends, and rights offerings.

The two other files have different columns names:

List of S&P 500 companies

Symbol: Ticker symbol of the company. Name: Name of the company. Sector: The sector to which the company belongs.

Technology Sector Companies List

Symbol: Ticker symbol of the company. Name: Name of the company. Price: Current price at which a stock can be purchased or sold. (11/24/20) Change: Net change is the difference between closing prices from one day to the next. % Change: Is the difference between closing prices from one day to the next in percentage. Volume: Is the number of shares that changed hands during a given day. Avg Vol: Is the daily average of the cumulative trading volume during the last three months. Market Cap (Billions): Is the total value of a company’s shares outstanding at a given moment in time. It is calculated by multiplying the number of shares outstanding by the price of a single share. PE Ratio: Is the ratio of a company's share (stock) price to the company's earnings per share. The ratio is used for valuing companies and to find out whether they are overvalued or undervalued.

Acknowledgements

SEC EDGAR | Company Filings NASDAQ | Historical Quotes Yahoo Finance | Technology Sector Wikipedia | List of S&P 500 companies S&P Dow Jones Indices | S&P 500 [S&P Dow Jones Indices | DJI](https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/i...

Browse Bloomberg Roll Select Commodity Index Futures (DRS) market data. Get instant pricing estimates and make batch downloads of binary, CSV, and JSON flat files.

The CME Group Market Data Platform (MDP) 3.0 disseminates event-based bid, ask, trade, and statistical data for CME Group markets and also provides recovery and support services for market data processing. MDP 3.0 includes the introduction of Simple Binary Encoding (SBE) and Event Driven Messaging to the CME Group Market Data Platform. Simple Binary Encoding (SBE) is based on simple primitive encoding, and is optimized for low bandwidth, low latency, and direct data access. Since March 2017, MDP 3.0 has changed from providing aggregated depth at every price level (like CME's legacy FAST feed) to providing full granularity of every order event for every instrument's direct book. MDP 3.0 is the sole data feed for all instruments traded on CME Globex, including futures, options, spreads and combinations. Note: We classify exchange-traded spreads between futures outrights as futures, and option combinations as options.

Origin: Directly captured at Aurora DC3 with an FPGA-based network card and hardware timestamping. Synchronized to UTC with PTP

Supported data encodings: DBN, CSV, JSON Learn more

Supported market data schemas: MBO, MBP-1, MBP-10, TBBO, Trades, OHLCV-1s, OHLCV-1m, OHLCV-1h, OHLCV-1d, Definition, Statistics Learn more

Resolution: Immediate publication, nanosecond-resolution timestamps

Baltic Dry rose to 1,663 Index Points on July 11, 2025, up 13.52% from the previous day. Over the past month, Baltic Dry's price has fallen 15.50%, and is down 16.73% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Baltic Exchange Dry Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Green bond indices make it easier for investors to track the performance of green bonds and compare it with other investments. Bloomberg Barclays MSCI Global Green Bond Index was launched in 2014 with the aim provide a benchmark for the green bonds market. Between 2015 and 2020, the Bloomberg Barclays MSCI Global Green Bond Index saw an overall increase, reaching a value of 121.91 as of the end of 2020. By the end of 2022, however, the index value fell to 86.94, before increasing again to 96.09 by the end of 2023.

Stock Market Tweets Data

  Overview

This dataset is the same as the Stock Market Tweets Data on IEEE by Bruno Taborda.

  Data Description

This dataset contains 943,672 tweets collected between April 9 and July 16, 2020, using the S&P 500 tag (#SPX500), the references to the top 25 companies in the S&P 500 index, and the Bloomberg tag (#stocks).

  Dataset Structure

created_at: The exact time this tweet was posted. text: The text of the tweet, providing… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/StephanAkkerman/stock-market-tweets-data.

Based on Bloomberg's Billionaires index...

The Bloomberg Billionaires Index is a daily ranking of the world's richest people. In calculating net worth, Bloomberg News strives to provide the most transparent calculations available, and each individual billionaire profile contains a detailed analysis of how that person's fortune is tallied.

The index is a dynamic measure of personal wealth based on changes in markets, the economy and Bloomberg reporting. Each net worth figure is updated every business day after the close of trading in New York. Stakes in publicly traded companies are valued using the share's most recent closing price. Valuations are converted to U.S. dollars at current exchange rates.

Closely held companies are valued in several ways, such as by comparing the enterprise value-to-Ebitda or price-to-earnings ratios of similar public companies or by using comparable transactions. Calculations of closely held company debt -- if net debt cannot be determined -- are based on the net debt-to-Ebitda ratios of comparable peers. The value of closely held companies adjusts daily based on market moves for peer companies or by applying the market movement of a relevant industry index. The criteria used to choose peer companies is based on the closely held asset's industry and size.

When ownership of closely held assets cannot be verified, they aren't included in the calculations. The specific valuation methodology for each closely held company is included in the net worth analysis section of a billionaire's profile. Additional details included in the valuation notes for each asset are available to subscribers of the Bloomberg Professional Service.

A standard liquidity discount of 5 percent is applied to most closely held companies where assets may be hard to sell. When a different percentage is used an explanation is given. No liquidity discounts are applied to the values of public stakes. In some instances, a country risk discount is also applied based on a person's concentration of assets and ease of selling them in a given geography. A country's risk is assessed based on Standard & Poor's sovereign debt ratings.

If a billionaire has pledged as collateral shares he or she holds in a public company, the value of those shares or the value of a loan taken against them is removed from the net worth calculation. If reliable information can be obtained about the ultimate use of those borrowed funds, that value is added back into the calculation.

Hedge fund businesses are valued using the average market capitalization-to-assets under management ratios of the most comparable publicly traded funds. Fee income is not considered because it cannot be uniformly verified. Personal funds invested along with outside capital are not included in the calculation. A "key man" risk discount of 25 percent is applied to funds whose performance is tied to a single individual. Assets under management are updated using ADV forms filed with the federal government and news reports, and returns are factored when sourced to reports from credible news outfits, the HFRI Index and industry analysts.

Net worth calculations include dividend income paid and proceeds from the sale of public and closely held shares. Taxes are deducted based on prevailing income, dividend and capital gains tax rates in a billionaire's country of residence. Taxes are applied at the highest rate unless there is evidence to support a lower percentage, in which case an explanation is given in the net worth summary. For calculations of cash and other investable assets, a hybrid return based on holdings in cash, government bonds, equities and commodities is applied.

No assumptions are made about personal debt. Family members often hold a portion of a billionaire's assets. Such transfers don't change the nature of who ultimately controls the fortune. As a result, Bloomberg News operates under the rule that all billionaire fortunes are inherently family fortunes and credit family fortunes to the founders or ranking family members who are determined to have direct control over the assets. When individual stakes can be verified and adult family members have an active role in a business, the value is credited to each individual.

Each billionaire -- or a representative -- is given an opportunity to respond to questions regarding the net worth calculation, including assets and liabilities.

Bloomberg News editorial policy is to not cover Bloomberg L.P. As a result, Michael Bloomberg, the founder and majority owner of Bloomberg L.P., isn't considered for this ranking.

Because calculating net worth requires a degree of estimation, bull and bear case scenarios that would make a person's fortune higher or lower than the Bloomberg Billionaires Index valuation are included on the Bloomberg Professional Service. A confidence rating also is included on each profile:

South African monthly The FTSE/JSE All Share Index data was procured from Bloomberg and the nominal effective exchange rate (NEER) from South African Reserve Bank (SARB) database, where the data has been seasonally adjusted specifying 2015 as the base year. Volatility measures in these markets are generated through a multivaraite EGARCH model in the WinRATS software. South African monthly consumer price index (CPI) data was procured from the International Monetary Fund’s International Financial Statistics (IFS) database, where the data has been seasonally adjusted, specifying 2010 as the base year. The inflation rate is constructed by taking the year-on-year changes in the monthly CPI figures. Inflation uncertainty was generated through the GARCH model in Eviews software. The following South African macroeconomic variables were procured from the SARB: real industrial production (IP), which is used as a proxy for real GDP, real investment (I), real consumption (C), inflation (CPI), broad money (M3), the 3-month treasury bill rate (TB3) and the policy rate (R), a measure of U.S. EPU developed by Baker et al. (2016) to account for global developments available at http://www.policyuncertainty.com/us_monthly.html.

CRB Index rose to 373.34 Index Points on July 11, 2025, up 1.06% from the previous day. Over the past month, CRB Index's price has risen 0.59%, and is up 9.33% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. CRB Commodity Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for CBOE Emerging Markets ETF Volatility Index (VXEEMCLS) from 2011-03-16 to 2025-07-10 about ETF, VIX, emerging markets, volatility, stock market, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index (NFCI) from 1971-01-08 to 2025-07-04 about financial, indexes, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for ICE BofA US Corporate Index Option-Adjusted Spread (BAMLC0A0CM) from 1996-12-31 to 2025-07-10 about option-adjusted spread, corporate, and USA.

Copper prices decline due to uncertainty over the US-China tariff truce, causing market skepticism and impacting futures on Comex.

Coffee fell to 288.72 USd/Lbs on July 11, 2025, down 0.41% from the previous day. Over the past month, Coffee's price has fallen 16.63%, but it is still 15.90% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Coffee - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Iron Ore fell to 96.71 USD/T on July 11, 2025, down 0.05% from the previous day. Over the past month, Iron Ore's price has risen 1.31%, but it is still 11.74% lower than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Iron Ore - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Cocoa rose to 8,275.30 USD/T on July 14, 2025, up 1.20% from the previous day. Over the past month, Cocoa's price has fallen 18.06%, and is down 3.20% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Cocoa - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.