Bluesky experienced rapid user growth in late 2024. The platform's user base expanded from 14.5 million in October to 25 million by December, showcasing its increasing popularity among social media users seeking new options. Surge in downloads and user engagement The platform's growth was particularly notable following the U.S. presidential elections in November 2024, when monthly downloads surged to 7.35 million. This increase in user adoption coincided with rising demand for Twitter alternatives. Earlier in the year, Bluesky had already shown strong performance, with 38,000 downloads from Android devices and 30,000 from iOS devices in July 2024. Moderation challenges and user demographics As Bluesky's user base expanded, so did the need for content moderation. In 2024, the platform received 6.48 million reports to its moderation service, a significant increase from 358,000 reports in 2023. These reports included 1.75 million for anti-social behavior, 1.2 million for misleading content, and 1.4 million for spam.

According to a 2024 survey conducted in the United States, daily users of Bluesky were more likely to use YouTube, TikTok, and X daily. Overall, Threads users are more likely to use other Meta Platforms networks every day.

According to a 2024 survey conducted in the United States, Bluesky users were more likely than Threads users to say that AI would have at least a somewhat positive impact on their overall quality of life over the next ten years.

According to a 2024 survey conducted in the United States, ** percent of Bluesky users read political websites and blogs daily, compared with ** percent of Threads users. Additionally, ** percent of Bluesky users followed politics very closely on a daily basis, compared to ** percent of Threads users.

3 Million Bluesky Posts

This dataset contains approximately 3 million public posts collected from Bluesky Social's firehose API. This dataset includes the text of a post and a boolean flag indicating whether the post is a reply. This dataset does not uniquely identify the author of any post.

License: Dataset usage is subject to Bluesky's Terms of Service

Nightsky 50M Dataset

~50 million posts from the Bluesky Firehose API, reasonably anonymized. Licensed under CC0 and completely independently sourced to avoid licensing issues. Use it as you wish! Very little preprocessing.

  Request data deletion

A user may request removal of their data by e-mailing nightsky-rm@proton.me with a subject line of "Delete My Data".As I don't collect usernames/DIDs, you must specify the position of every individual row you would like to be… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/Aranym/50-million-bluesky-posts.

A dataset of conversations based on reply threads under Bluesky's Discover feed posts collected between 9/05/2025 and 10/05/2025. The conversations are in a sort of raw pseudo-IRC format. We also removed hash-tags from the posts. We only use posts that had gotten at least 1 reply and use the 3 (or less) largest threads per post.

POLITISKY24 (Political Stance Analysis on Bluesky for 2024) is a first-of-its-kind dataset for stance detection, focused on the 2024 U.S. presidential election. It designed for target-specific user-level stance detection and contains 16,044 user-target stance pairs centered on two key political figures, Kamala Harris and Donald Trump. In addition, this dataset includes detailed metadata, such as complete user posting histories and engagement graphs (likes, reposts, and quotes).

Stance labels were generated using a robust and evaluated pipeline that integrates state-of-the-art Information Retrieval (IR) techniques with Large Language Models (LLMs), offering confidence scores, reasoning explanations, and text spans for each label. With an LLM-assisted labeling accuracy of 81%, POLITISKY24 provides a rich resource for the target-specific stance detection task. This dataset enables the exploration of Bluesky platform, paving the way for deeper insights into political opinions and social discourse, and addressing gaps left by traditional datasets constrained by platform policies.

In the uploaded files:

• The file user_post_history_dataset.parquet includes the posting history of 8,561 active Bluesky users who have shared content related to American politics.

• The file user_post_list_for_stance_detection.parquet contains a list of up to 1,000 recent English-language post IDs per user, intended for use in the stance detection task.

• The file user_network_dataset.parquet captures users’ interactions through likes, reposts, and quotes.

• The file human_annotated_validation_user_stance_dataset.parquet contains human-annotated stance labels for 445 validation users toward Trump and Harris, resulting in a total of 890 user-target pairs. The labels are divided into three stances: 1 (favor), 2 (against), and 3 (neither).

• The file llm_annotated_validation_user_stance_dataset.parquet contains stance labels annotated by an LLM for the same 445 validation users toward Trump and Harris, also totaling 890 user-target pairs. In addition to stance labels, each pair includes an explanation of the reasoning, the source tweets, spans from the source tweets used in the reasoning, and a confidence score.

• The file llm_annotated_full_user_stance_dataset.parquet is similar to the above LLM-annotated validation file but covers all dataset users excluding the validation set. It provides stance labels for 8,022 users toward Trump and Harris, totaling 16,044 user-target pairs.

• The file human_annotated_validation_stance_relevancy_dataset (post-target entity pairs).parquet contains human-annotated stance labels for 175 validation posts toward Trump and Harris, resulting in 350 post-target pairs. The labels are divided into three stances: 1 (favor), 2 (against), and 3 (neither).

• The file human_annotated_validation_stance_relevancy_dataset (query-post stance relevancy pairs).parquet contains 700 query-post stance relevancy pairs derived from the post-target entity pairs.

Nightsky 40M Dataset

~40 million posts from the Bluesky Firehose API, reasonably anonymized. Licensed under CC0 and completely independently sourced to avoid licensing issues. Use it as you wish! Very little preprocessing.

  Request data deletion

A user may request removal of their data by e-mailing nightsky-rm@proton.me with a subject line of "Delete My Data".As I don't collect usernames/DIDs, you must specify the position of every individual row you would like to be… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/Aranym/40-million-bluesky-posts.

This dataset consists of all starter packs and all following network data available on Bluesky in January and February 2025. Starter packs can be created by any Bluesky user. They are lists of users and curated feeds with a minimum of 6 and a maximum of 150 users, curated by the starter pack creator. The creator typically names them and provides a description. Other users can use a single click to follow all users in the starter pack, or they can scroll through a specific starter pack to decide who to follow within that starter pack. In our dataset, all DIDs (persistent, unique identifiers) are anonymized with a non-reversible hash function; users in the network, as well as users who created starter packs, or appear in starter packs, are identified by their hashed DIDs. Similarly, starter packs themselves are identified by their hashed identifiers.

First, we include the Bluesky following network as it appeared in late January/early February 2025. This shows all available directed following relationships on Bluesky. We also include a network dataset of starter packs with information on creators and starter pack members. This is intended for users who wish to undertake a computational analysis of the networks created by starter packs or starter packs’ influences on networks.

How high is the brand awareness of Blue Sky in the United States?When it comes to soft drink drinkers, brand awareness of Blue Sky is at 26% in the United States. The survey was conducted using the concept of aided brand recognition, showing respondents both the brand's logo and the written brand name.How popular is Blue Sky in the United States?In total, 7% of U.S. soft drink drinkers say they like Blue Sky. However, in actuality, among the 26% of U.S. respondents who know Blue Sky, 27% of people like the brand.What is the usage share of Blue Sky in the United States?All in all, 6% of soft drink drinkers in the United States use Blue Sky. That means, of the 26% who know the brand, 23% use them.How loyal are the drinkers of Blue Sky?Around 3% of soft drink drinkers in the United States say they are likely to use Blue Sky again. Set in relation to the 6% usage share of the brand, this means that 50% of their drinkers show loyalty to the brand.What's the buzz around Blue Sky in the United States?In October 2022, about 6% of U.S. soft drink drinkers had heard about Blue Sky in the media, on social media, or in advertising over the past three months. Of the 26% who know the brand, that's 23%, meaning at the time of the survey there's little buzz around Blue Sky in the United States.If you want to compare brands, do deep-dives by survey items of your choice, filter by total online population or users of a certain brand, or drill down on your very own hand-tailored target groups, our Consumer Insights Brand KPI survey has you covered.

This dataset contains MODIS-derived daily mean shortwave blue sky albedo for northern North America (i.e., Canada and Alaska) and a set of quality control flags for each albedo value to aid in user interpretation. The data cover the period of February 24, 2000 through April 22, 2017. The blue sky albedo data were derived from the MODIS 500-m version 6 Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function and Albedo (BRDF/Albedo) Model Parameters MCD43A1 dataset (MCD43A1.006, https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD43A1.006) (Schaaf & Wang, 2015a, please refer to the MCD43 documentation and user guides for more information). Blue sky refers to albedo calculated under real-world conditions with a combination of both diffuse and direct lighting based on atmospheric and view-geometry conditions. Daily mean albedo was calculated by averaging hourly instantaneous blue sky albedo values weighted by the solar insolation for each time interval. Potter et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14888) is the associated paper for this dataset. Note the actual extent of the dataset in Figure 1 of the User Guide. Users are encouraged to refer to the User Guide for further important information about the use of this dataset.

Nightsky 30M Dataset

~30 million posts from the Bluesky Firehose API, reasonably anonymized. Licensed under CC0 and completely independently sourced to avoid licensing issues. Use it as you wish! Very little preprocessing.

  Request data deletion

A user may request removal of their data by e-mailing nightsky-rm@proton.me with a subject line of "Delete My Data".As I don't collect usernames/DIDs, you must specify the position of every individual row you would like to be… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/Aranym/30-million-bluesky-posts.

Launched in February 2023, Bluesky is a microblogging platform that was proposed as a Twitter alternative at the beginning of the year. In July 2024, the Bluesky app generated 38,000 thousand app downloads from Android devices worldwide, while iOS devices generated 30,000 thousand downloads during the month. Bluesky is a semi-decentralized social media, and while users can access the platform only after being invited by members, all internet users can visualize Bluesky posts and content as of the last examined period.

The decentralized social media (DSM) software market is experiencing rapid growth, driven by increasing concerns over data privacy, censorship, and centralized control of online platforms. The market, currently estimated at $500 million in 2025, is projected to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 30% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $4 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key trends: the rising adoption of blockchain technology, the growing demand for user-owned data, and a surge in interest in Web3 applications. The key application segments are personal use and enterprise solutions, with cloud-based deployment leading the way. While the market faces challenges like scalability issues, user experience limitations, and the need for enhanced security measures, the inherent advantages of decentralization – increased transparency, censorship resistance, and improved data security – are powerful drivers of market expansion. The competitive landscape is dynamic, with a multitude of platforms, including Minds, Mastodon, Bluesky, and others, vying for market share. This competition fosters innovation and drives the evolution of the DSM ecosystem, leading to the development of more robust and user-friendly platforms. Regional growth is anticipated across all regions, with North America and Europe expected to maintain a significant market share due to higher technology adoption rates and strong awareness of decentralized technologies. However, rapid adoption in Asia-Pacific and other developing regions is anticipated, potentially leading to a more balanced global distribution in the coming years. The success of the DSM market hinges on overcoming technical and adoption challenges. This includes improving the overall user experience, enhancing interoperability between different platforms, and addressing scalability limitations to support a larger user base. Furthermore, education and awareness campaigns are crucial to attract both individual users and businesses, highlighting the benefits of decentralized social media in terms of privacy, control, and community governance. As the technology matures and the user base expands, the DSM market's growth trajectory is expected to remain strong, potentially transforming the social media landscape as we know it. The integration of innovative features such as decentralized identity solutions and improved content moderation mechanisms will further contribute to the growth and mainstream adoption of these platforms.

The decentralized social media (DeSo) software market is experiencing rapid growth, driven by increasing concerns over data privacy, censorship, and the centralized control of traditional social media platforms. The market's expansion is fueled by a growing user base seeking platforms that offer greater control over their data and online interactions. While precise figures for market size are unavailable, considering the current user base of established platforms like Mastodon and the significant investment and development in emerging platforms like Bluesky and Lens Protocol, a conservative estimate for the 2025 market size would be around $500 million. Considering a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 30% from 2025-2033, this suggests substantial market expansion, potentially reaching over $6 billion by 2033. Key drivers include heightened user demand for greater autonomy and transparency, the development of more user-friendly interfaces, and ongoing improvements in blockchain technology facilitating scalability and accessibility. Trends indicate a shift toward interoperability between different decentralized platforms, fostering a more interconnected and decentralized social media ecosystem. However, challenges remain, including the complexities of blockchain technology for the average user, scalability issues for some platforms, and the potential for fragmentation within the decentralized landscape, which may hinder widespread adoption. The market segmentation shows a diverse range of platforms catering to various needs and preferences. Some platforms, like Mastodon, emphasize open-source development and community governance, while others, like Bluesky, are backed by significant venture capital and focus on ease of use. Notably, platforms leverage different blockchain technologies and approaches, highlighting the evolving nature of this sector. Companies such as Minds, Diaspora, and Steemit are established players, continuously evolving to compete with newer entrants and technological advancements. While regional data is currently absent, early adoption trends suggest strong interest in North America and Europe, followed by Asia-Pacific and other regions. Further growth is contingent on addressing challenges related to user experience, scaling infrastructure, and fostering wider mainstream adoption.

Interactive chart showing code uses and verifications by day

Interactive chart showing code uses and verifications by day