Some drug names found in the PCA data do not exactly match any drug names in the current British National Formulary (BNF), e.g. formulation variants no longer available. A similar BNF presentation name could sometimes be found by using the “fuzzy” lookup add-on for Excel. These were validated manually by a pharmacist.

Prescription codelists (drug, BNF and ATC codes) for identifying antidiabetic, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs from the THIN UK primary database used for the project:Therapeutic Inertia for Glycaemic and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-world Electronic Medical Records Based Study

Context

The British National Health Service releases data covering every public sector prescription made in the country. This covers a single year of that data.

Content

Covering all general practices in England, the data includes figures on the number of prescription items that are dispensed each month and information relating to costs.

For each GP practice, the total number of items that were prescribed and then dispensed is shown. The total Net Ingredient Cost and the total Actual Cost of these items is shown.

Chemical level

All prescribed and dispensed medicines (by chemical name), dressings and appliances (at section level) are listed for each GP practice.

Presentation level

All prescribed and dispensed medicines, dressings and appliances are listed at presentation level, for each GP practice. (Presentation level gives the individual drug name, the form, and strength or size accordingly). The total quantity of drugs dispensed (in terms of number of tablets or millilitres, for example) is shown. This data does not list each individual prescription and does not contain any patient identifiable data.

The data have been edited from their original version. During the data preparation process I:

• Dropped obsolete and redundant columns.
• Normalized the BNF (British National Formulary) codes, BNF names, and practice codes. These steps reduced the total file size by roughly 75%, at the cost of requiring one table join to access some of the data.

For further details, please see:

• FAQ
• Glossary of Terms

Acknowledgements

This dataset was kindly released by the United Kingdom's National Health Service under their government open data license v3. You can find this and other datasets at their open data site.

Inspiration

• What trends can you see in the data? For example, can you identify the onset of winter based on the types of drugs being prescribed?
• The BNF Name entries contain dosage data that I haven't yet cleaned and extracted. Can you unpack that field into item dispensed, units, and dosage? If so, let me know in the forums and I'll add it to the dataset!
• Per this blog from Oxford, the raw BNF codes contain quite a bit of information about a drug's function. Can you find a source of open data for translating these codes? It's probable that one exists somewhere at https://www.nhsbsa.nhs.uk/nhs-prescription-services.

Community dispensed prescription items for patients registered to NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde health board. Drugs are coded to the British National Formulary (BNF) code and include details of strength, unit, and dose. Does not include hospital prescribing, although the West of Scotland Safe Haven intends to make this available in 2024.

The data covers prescriptions that are prescribed in Northern Ireland by GPs or Nurses (within a GP Practice), that are subsequently dispensed by a community pharmacist, dispensing doctor or appliance supplier and are finally submitted to the Business Services Organisation (BSO) for payment and have been paid. Full user guidance is available at: https://gpdatasets.hscni.net/ The Gross Cost is the basic price of a drug, i.e. the price listed in the National Drug Tariff, concessionary price list, or in standard price lists. Please note concessionary prices have to be approved by the Department of Health (DoH). Where DoH instructs BSO to apply reimbursement prices for a particular month after payment has already been made, these are paid as an adjustment and these prices are known as late concessionary prices. Prior to May 2024 late concessionary prices were not included in the data. From May 2024 the dataset has been amended to include late concessionary price updates. Following the development of a new database, data for August 2021 onwards may show a change in quantity for some inhalers, sprays and solutions. Where quantities were previously listed as a device, this may now show the amount of doses dispensed. Improvements have been made to BNF chapter classifications to ensure consistency between Northern Ireland and England. Previously over 99.5% of items prescribed and dispensed in Northern Ireland had the same BNF chapter classification as England. Of the 0.5% of items that originally differed in classification, around 99.6% referred to items previously counted as Appliances (Chapter 21) being reclassified into the Eye (Chapter 11), Ear, Nose and Oropharynx (Chapter 12) and Skin (Chapter 13) chapters. Caution should therefore be exercised when comparing figures prior to October 2021 for chapters 11, 12, 13 and 21. After examining discrepancies relating to the BNF, developments have been made to GP Prescribing data following an improved extract from the English BSA. Therefore, from September 2018 onwards, the data will show a more fully populated ‘BNF Code’ column. Some changes to BNF Chapter and Section will have occurred as part of this process.

Dataset

This dataset was created by arjun ramesan

Contents

Published: 25th February 2020 - The NHSBSA ‘One Drug Database’ project is underway to provide a consistent, single source of prescriptions information. The first release of new data was due in February 2020 (December 2019 data) on the NHSBSA website, however this has been delayed a month. As a result this is an additional and FINAL release of PLP data by NHS Digital. This means that from March 2020 the PLP data will ONLY be available from the NHSBSA website. There will also be differences in the way data is presented. You can read more about the project, and how this affects the NHSBSA systems and reports in the related link at the bottom of this web page. Practice level prescribing data is a list of all medicines, dressings and appliances that are prescribed by all practices in England and dispensed in the community each month. A zip file is available which users are able to download and extract all 3 files locally. What does the data cover? Practice prescribing data is a list of all medicines, dressings and appliances that are prescribed and dispensed each month. A record will only be produced when this has occurred and there is no record for a zero total. For each practice in England, including GP practices, the following information is presented at presentation level for each medicine, dressing and appliance, (by presentation name): the total number of items prescribed and dispensed the total net ingredient cost the total actual cost the total quantity The data covers NHS prescriptions written in England and dispensed in the community in the UK. Prescriptions written in England but dispensed outside England are included. The data includes prescriptions written by GPs and other non-medical prescribers (such as nurses and pharmacists) who are attached to practices. Practices are identified only by their national code, so an additional data file - linked to the first by the practice code - provides further detail in relation to the practice. Presentations are identified only by their BNF code, so an additional data file - linked to the first by the BNF code - provides the chemical name for that presentation. Warning: Large file size (over 1GB). Each monthly data set is large (over 10 million rows), but can be viewed using add-ons to existing software, such as the Microsoft PowerPivot add-on for Excel, to handle larger data sets. The Microsoft PowerPivot add-on for Excel is available using the link in the 'Related Links' section below. Once PowerPivot has been installed, to load the large files, please follow the instructions below. Note that it may take at least 20 to 30 minutes to load one monthly file. 1. Start Excel as normal 2. Click on the PowerPivot tab 3. Click on the PowerPivot Window icon (top left) 4. In the PowerPivot Window, click on the "From Other Sources" icon 5. In the Table Import Wizard e.g. scroll to the bottom and select Text File 6. Browse to the file you want to open and choose the file extension you require e.g. CSV Once the data has been imported you can view it in a spreadsheet.

Published: 05 October 2018 - Practice level prescribing data is a list of all medicines, dressings and appliances that are prescribed by all practices in England and dispensed in the community each month. From October 2018 this data release will be moved earlier to be roughly 7 weeks after the data time point. The August 2018 data will be published on Wednesday 24 October 2018. Future releases will be on the 24th of the month or the first working day afterwards, therefore the September data will be published on Monday 26 November 2018. From October 2018, the self extracting file will no longer be available for security reasons. This is replaced with a zip file which users are able to download and extract all 3 files locally. What does the data cover? Practice prescribing data is a list of all medicines, dressings and appliances that are prescribed and dispensed each month. A record will only be produced when this has occurred and there is no record for a zero total. For each practice in England, including GP practices, the following information is presented at presentation level for each medicine, dressing and appliance, (by presentation name): the total number of items prescribed and dispensed the total net ingredient cost the total actual cost the total quantity The data covers NHS prescriptions written in England and dispensed in the community in the UK. Prescriptions written in England but dispensed outside England are included. The data includes prescriptions written by GPs and other non-medical prescribers (such as nurses and pharmacists) who are attached to practices. Practices are identified only by their national code, so an additional data file - linked to the first by the practice code - provides further detail in relation to the practice. Presentations are identified only by their BNF code, so an additional data file - linked to the first by the BNF code - provides the chemical name for that presentation. Warning: Large file size (over 1GB). Each monthly data set is large (over 10 million rows), but can be viewed using add-ons to existing software, such as the Microsoft PowerPivot add-on for Excel, to handle larger data sets. The Microsoft PowerPivot add-on for Excel is available using the link in the 'Related Links' section below. Once PowerPivot has been installed, to load the large files, please follow the instructions below. Note that it may take at least 20 to 30 minutes to load one monthly file. 1. Start Excel as normal 2. Click on the PowerPivot tab 3. Click on the PowerPivot Window icon (top left) 4. In the PowerPivot Window, click on the "From Other Sources" icon 5. In the Table Import Wizard e.g. scroll to the bottom and select Text File 6. Browse to the file you want to open and choose the file extension you require e.g. CSV Once the data has been imported you can view it in a spreadsheet.

Parkinson’s disease medications and corresponding BNF codes.

Warning: Large file size (over 1GB).

Each monthly data set is large (over 4 million rows), but can be viewed in standard software such as Microsoft WordPad (save by right-clicking on the file name and selecting 'Save Target As', or equivalent on Mac OSX). It is then possible to select the required rows of data and copy and paste the information into another software application, such as a spreadsheet.

What does the data cover?

General practice prescribing data is a list of all medicines, dressings and appliances that are prescribed and dispensed each month. A record will only be produced when this has occurred and there is no record for a zero total.

For each practice in England, including GP Practices, the following information is presented at presentation level for each medicine, dressing and appliance, (by presentation name):

• the total number of items prescribed and dispensed
• the total net ingredient cost
• the total actual cost
• the total quantity

The data covers NHS prescriptions written in England and dispensed in the community in the UK. Prescriptions written in England but dispensed outside England are included. The data includes prescriptions written by GPs and other non-medical prescribers (such as nurses and pharmacists) who are attached to GP practices.

Practices are identified only by their national code, so an additional data file - linked to the first by the practice code - provides further detail in relation to the practice.

Presentations are identified only by their BNF code, so an additional data file - linked to the first by the BNF code - provides the chemical name for that presentation.

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The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD, www.cprd.com) is a large UK database of primary care health records, to which UoB has an institutional site license. CPRD is used for a range of observational primary care research such as epidemiology, pharmacovigilance and health services research. Research studies employing CPRD require the development of diagnostic and treatment code lists (based on the Read and BNF coding systems respectively). This dataset comprises code lists used in a CPRD analysis of the impact of the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) payment-for-performance system on recording and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in UK general practice for patients with severe mental illness. Codes are provided for defining severe mental illness within CPRD, as well as a range of cardiovascular risk factors.

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The traditional view holds that the global distribution of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in terrestrial ecosystems is primarily driven by climate, associating warm and wet regions with higher BNF rates. However, this view fails to explain the low free-living BNF rates observed in these regions. Here, we conducted two field experiments and a global synthesis to assess the regulatory patterns of free-living BNF at both regional and global scales. The field experiments showed that the regional distributions of litter free-living BNF did not necessarily peak at warm and wet sites, due to co-regulation by climate and substrate stoichiometry (especially C : [N : P]). Subsequently, the global synthesis demonstrated that these phenomena and co-regulatory patterns persisted in free-living BNF in litter and other substrates (e.g. soil) at global scale. Our findings highlight the important role of substrate stoichiometry in regulating the spatial distribution of free-living BNF.

Primary care prescriptions for patients in the Tayside and Fife regions in Scotland. The data contains granular information such as drug strength, unit and dose. Tayside 1989 – Current; Fife 2009 – onwards. The data is coded using the BNF standard but can also be provided with SNOMED/DM+D codes, or in the OMOP format.

This document is a repository of all the code and dataset used for the article “A Diazotrophy-Ammoniotrophy Dual Growth Model for the sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio vulgaris var. Hildenborough” by Darnajoux R., Inomura, K., & Zhang. X., accepted for publication in the journal Computational and Structural Biochemistry Journal in May 2023. This document regroups all the code for the function required to use the Diazotrophic-Ammoniotrophic Dual Cellular Model applied to the model Sulfate Reducing Bacteria Desulfovibrio vulgaris var. Hildenborough grown under Pyruvate and Lactate as a electron source and the validation data set from batch culture growth experiment. The final figures from this document were edited from these raw figures using Adobe Illustrator before inclusion in the article. Communication can be addressed to Romain Darnajoux (romaind(at)princeton(dot)edu or romain(dot)darnajoux(@)hotmail(dot)fr)

Patisserie_test

## Overview

Patisserie_test is a dataset for object detection tasks - it contains Illustration annotations for 297 images.

## Getting Started

You can download this dataset for use within your own projects, or fork it into a workspace on Roboflow to create your own model.

  ## License

  This dataset is available under the [CC BY 4.0 license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/CC BY 4.0).

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