The yield on US 30 Year Bond Yield rose to 4.76% on September 26, 2025, marking a 0 percentage point increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has fallen by 0.17 points, though it remains 0.65 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. United States 30 Year Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on September of 2025.

As of July 22, 2025, the yield for a ten-year U.S. government bond was 4.38 percent, while the yield for a two-year bond was 3.88 percent. This represents an inverted yield curve, whereby bonds of longer maturities provide a lower yield, reflecting investors' expectations for a decline in long-term interest rates. Hence, making long-term debt holders open to more risk under the uncertainty around the condition of financial markets in the future. That markets are uncertain can be seen by considering both the short-term fluctuations, and the long-term downward trend, of the yields of U.S. government bonds from 2006 to 2021, before the treasury yield curve increased again significantly in the following years. What are government bonds? Government bonds, otherwise called ‘sovereign’ or ‘treasury’ bonds, are financial instruments used by governments to raise money for government spending. Investors give the government a certain amount of money (the ‘face value’), to be repaid at a specified time in the future (the ‘maturity date’). In addition, the government makes regular periodic interest payments (called ‘coupon payments’). Once initially issued, government bonds are tradable on financial markets, meaning their value can fluctuate over time (even though the underlying face value and coupon payments remain the same). Investors are attracted to government bonds as, provided the country in question has a stable economy and political system, they are a very safe investment. Accordingly, in periods of economic turmoil, investors may be willing to accept a negative overall return in order to have a safe haven for their money. For example, once the market value is compared to the total received from remaining interest payments and the face value, investors have been willing to accept a negative return on two-year German government bonds between 2014 and 2021. Conversely, if the underlying economy and political structures are weak, investors demand a higher return to compensate for the higher risk they take on. Consequently, the return on bonds in emerging markets like Brazil are consistently higher than that of the United States (and other developed economies). Inverted yield curves When investors are worried about the financial future, it can lead to what is called an ‘inverted yield curve’. An inverted yield curve is where investors pay more for short term bonds than long term, indicating they do not have confidence in long-term financial conditions. Historically, the yield curve has historically inverted before each of the last five U.S. recessions. The last U.S. yield curve inversion occurred at several brief points in 2019 – a trend which continued until the Federal Reserve cut interest rates several times over that year. However, the ultimate trigger for the next recession was the unpredicted, exogenous shock of the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, showing how such informal indicators may be grounded just as much in coincidence as causation.

The yield on US 10 Year Note Bond Yield rose to 4.18% on September 26, 2025, marking a 0.01 percentage point increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has fallen by 0.06 points, though it remains 0.42 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. US 10 Year Treasury Bond Note Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on September of 2025.

As of July 18, 2025, the major economy with the highest yield on 10-year government bonds was Turkey, with a yield of ** percent. This is due to the risks investors take when investing in Turkey, notably due to high inflation rates potentially eradicating any profits made when using a foreign currency to investing in securities denominated in Turkish lira. Of the major developed economies, United Kingdom had one the highest yield on 10-year government bonds at this time with **** percent, while Switzerland had the lowest at **** percent. How does inflation influence the yields of government bonds? Inflation reduces purchasing power over time. Due to this, investors seek higher returns to offset the anticipated decrease in purchasing power resulting from rapid price rises. In countries with high inflation, government bond yields often incorporate investor expectations and risk premiums, resulting in comparatively higher rates offered by these bonds. Why are government bond rates significant? Government bond rates are an important indicator of financial markets, serving as a benchmark for borrowing costs, interest rates, and investor sentiment. They affect the cost of government borrowing, influence the price of various financial instruments, and serve as a reflection of expectations regarding inflation and economic growth. For instance, in financial analysis and investing, people often use the 10-year U.S. government bond rates as a proxy for the longer-term risk-free rate.

Graph and download economic data for 100-Year High Quality Market (HQM) Corporate Bond Spot Rate (HQMCB100YR) from Jan 1984 to Aug 2025 about bonds, corporate, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

The Global Bond Market is Segmented by Type (Treasury Bonds, Municipal Bonds, Corporate Bonds, High-Yield Bonds, Mortgage-Backed Securities, and More), by Issuer (Public Sector Issuers, Private Sector Issuers), by Sectors (Energy and Utilities, Technology, Media and Telecom, Healthcare, Consumers, Industrial, Real Estate and More), and Region. The Market Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD).

In the first quarter of 2025, the value of the international debt capital market transactions amounted to nearly *** trillion U.S. dollars. The debt market is the part of the capital market on which fixed-interest securities are traded. These securities include, for example, government, municipal, corporate or mortgage bonds. Bonds – additional information The bond market, also known as the credit or fixed income market, is a market that trades in debt. The two most well known parts of the bond market are the primary and secondary capital markets. The primary market is the market that deals with the issuance of new securities and is an important part of the financial markets system. The bonds issued on the primary market are subsequently traded on the secondary markets. A bond is an instrument of indebtedness. The issuer of the bond is obliged to pay the bond holder the principal amount and the pre-agreed interest when the bond reaches maturity. The interest rates are generally payable at fixed intervals. Bonds provide the borrower with external funds in order to finance long-term investments, or, where government bonds are concerned, to finance government expenditure. Bonds are most often bought and traded by institutions such as central banks, pension funds or hedge funds. They are generally seen as being less volatile that stocks, especially the short and medium termed bonds. Bonds suffer from less day-to-day volatility than stocks but are still subject to risk. They are subject to credit and liquidity risks, among others.

Track real-time 10 Year Treasury Rate yields and explore historical trends from year start to today. View interactive yield curve data with YCharts.

Graph and download economic data for 10-Year High Quality Market (HQM) Corporate Bond Par Yield (HQMCB10YRP) from Jan 1984 to Aug 2025 about 10-year, bonds, yield, corporate, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

The yield on India 10Y Bond Yield rose to 6.50% on September 26, 2025, marking a 0.01 percentage point increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has fallen by 0.07 points and is 0.26 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. India 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on September of 2025.

Global bond market was valued at USD 141.34 Trillion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 166.81 Trillion by 2030 with a CAGR of 2.8% during the forecast period.

In June 2025, the average yield on ten-year government bonds in the United States was **** percent. This was the ******* of the selected developed economies considered in this statistic. Bonds and yields – additional information The bond yield indicates the level of return that the investor can expect from a given type of bond. The government of Italy, for instance, offered the investors **** percent yield on ten-year government bonds for borrowing their money in June 2025. In the United States, government needs are also financed by selling various debt instruments such as Treasury bills, notes, bonds and savings bonds to investors. The largest holders of U.S. debt are the Federal Reserve and Government accounts in the United States. The major foreign holders of the United States treasury securities are Japan, Mainland China, and the United Kingdom.

After to as low as low as **** percent in July 2020, in the wake of the coronavirus outbreak, the yield on 10-year U.S treasury bonds increased considerably. As of June 2025, it reached **** percent.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-Year: Main (Including Benchmark) for United States (IRLTLT01USM156N) from Apr 1953 to Jul 2025 about long-term, 10-year, bonds, yield, government, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

Crop Climate Resilience Bond Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Crop Climate Resilience Bond market size reached USD 3.2 billion in 2024, reflecting robust expansion driven by rising climate-related agricultural risks. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 16.7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching a forecasted market size of USD 15.2 billion by 2033. This remarkable growth trajectory is primarily fueled by heightened awareness of climate change impacts, increasing governmental and private sector initiatives for climate adaptation, and the urgent need for innovative financial instruments to safeguard global food security.

One of the most significant growth factors propelling the Crop Climate Resilience Bond market is the escalating frequency and severity of climate-induced events, such as droughts, floods, and extreme weather patterns, which directly threaten agricultural productivity worldwide. The agricultural sector, being highly sensitive to climatic fluctuations, demands robust risk management solutions. Crop Climate Resilience Bonds offer a unique blend of financial protection and incentivization for climate adaptation, enabling farmers, agribusinesses, and governments to mitigate losses and invest in resilient infrastructure. Additionally, the proliferation of sustainable finance frameworks and the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria in investment decisions are further catalyzing the adoption of these bonds, as investors increasingly seek impact-driven opportunities that address both financial returns and societal resilience.

Another key driver for the market’s expansion is the strong policy support and international collaboration towards climate resilience in agriculture. Governments across regions are introducing regulatory frameworks, subsidies, and incentives for climate-smart agriculture, while multilateral organizations and development banks are channeling significant resources into resilience-building projects. The emergence of public-private partnerships and innovative financing mechanisms, such as blended finance, has lowered entry barriers and enhanced the scalability of Crop Climate Resilience Bonds. Furthermore, the growing participation of institutional investors, including pension funds and insurance companies, is injecting much-needed capital into climate adaptation initiatives, thus supporting the market’s upward trajectory.

Technological advancements and data-driven risk assessment tools are also playing a pivotal role in the evolution of the Crop Climate Resilience Bond market. The integration of remote sensing, satellite imagery, and advanced analytics enables more accurate quantification of climate risks and the development of tailored bond structures. These innovations not only improve transparency and trust among stakeholders but also facilitate the efficient allocation of resources towards high-impact projects. As climate modeling and risk transfer technologies continue to mature, the market is expected to witness the introduction of more sophisticated and customizable bond offerings, further boosting its appeal to a diverse investor base.

From a regional perspective, North America and Europe currently dominate the Crop Climate Resilience Bond market, accounting for a combined market share of over 60% in 2024, driven by advanced financial markets, strong regulatory frameworks, and proactive climate adaptation strategies. However, the Asia Pacific region is poised for the fastest growth, with a projected CAGR of 19.2% between 2025 and 2033, supported by large-scale agricultural economies, increasing climate vulnerability, and rising governmental commitment to sustainable development. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing growing interest, particularly in countries with high exposure to climate risks and significant agricultural dependence.

Bond Type Analysis

The Bond Type segment in the Crop Climate Resilience

Resilience Retrofit Bond Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Resilience Retrofit Bond market size reached USD 10.24 billion in 2024, reflecting a robust expansion driven by increasing investments in climate adaptation and infrastructure resilience. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 8.1% from 2025 to 2033, ultimately reaching approximately USD 19.84 billion by the end of the forecast period. This notable growth is primarily fueled by heightened awareness of climate risks, government mandates for resilient infrastructure, and the growing attractiveness of sustainable finance instruments in both developed and emerging economies.

One of the primary growth factors for the Resilience Retrofit Bond market is the escalating frequency and severity of natural disasters worldwide. As climate change accelerates, extreme weather events—such as floods, hurricanes, and earthquakes—are becoming more common, causing significant damage to public and private infrastructure. Governments and private entities are increasingly compelled to invest in retrofitting and upgrading existing structures to withstand these threats. This surge in demand for resilient infrastructure directly stimulates the issuance of specialized bonds, including green bonds and catastrophe bonds, to fund such initiatives. The market is further buoyed by international policy frameworks, such as the Paris Agreement, which encourage sustainable finance solutions and prioritize climate adaptation measures.

Another critical driver is the growing integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria into investment decisions. Institutional investors and asset managers are actively seeking financial instruments that deliver both competitive returns and positive social or environmental impact. Resilience Retrofit Bonds offer a compelling value proposition, enabling investors to support projects that enhance community resilience while meeting ESG mandates. This trend is reinforced by the proliferation of sustainability-linked bonds and the increasing transparency in bond reporting, which boosts investor confidence and accelerates market growth. The entry of new market players, such as fintech platforms and impact investment funds, is also expanding the reach and accessibility of these bonds to a broader base of issuers and investors.

Technological advancements and innovative financing models further catalyze the expansion of the Resilience Retrofit Bond market. Digital platforms and blockchain-based solutions are streamlining bond issuance, monitoring, and reporting processes, reducing transaction costs and increasing market efficiency. These innovations facilitate the participation of smaller municipalities, non-profit organizations, and private sector entities that previously faced barriers to entry. Additionally, the emergence of blended finance models—combining public, private, and philanthropic capital—enables risk-sharing and enhances the scalability of resilience projects. As a result, the market is witnessing a diversification of bond types and distribution channels, fostering a more dynamic and resilient ecosystem.

From a regional perspective, North America and Europe currently dominate the Resilience Retrofit Bond market, accounting for over 60% of global issuance in 2024. These regions benefit from well-established financial markets, robust regulatory frameworks, and a high level of awareness regarding climate risks. However, rapid urbanization and infrastructure vulnerability in Asia Pacific and Latin America are expected to drive significant growth in these regions during the forecast period. Government-led initiatives, international development aid, and cross-border collaborations are accelerating the adoption of resilience retrofit bonds, particularly in countries prone to natural disasters. The Middle East & Africa, while representing a smaller share, is also witnessing increased activity, especially in the context of water scarcity and urban infrastructure resilience.

Building Resilience Retrofit is becoming a critical focus for both public and private sectors as they seek to fortify existing infrastructure against the increasing threats posed by climate change. This approach involves enhancing the structural integrity and functionality of buildings and infrastructure to withs

Blue Bond Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Blue Bond market size reached USD 2.1 billion in 2024, driven by a growing emphasis on sustainable finance and the protection of oceanic resources. The market is expected to expand at a robust CAGR of 18.7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching a forecasted value of USD 11.2 billion by 2033. This remarkable growth is primarily fueled by increasing awareness of marine ecosystem preservation, regulatory support for sustainable investment, and rising investor demand for ESG-compliant financial products.

The Blue Bond market is witnessing significant momentum as governments, financial institutions, and private sector stakeholders increasingly recognize the urgent need to address ocean health and marine biodiversity loss. The proliferation of sovereign and corporate blue bonds has enabled capital flow into critical projects such as marine conservation, sustainable fisheries, and coastal protection. This market growth is further propelled by international commitments, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 14, which focuses on life below water. The increasing alignment of blue bonds with these global frameworks is catalyzing both public and private investment, creating a fertile environment for the expansion of blue finance initiatives.

Investor appetite for blue bonds is also being strengthened by the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria into mainstream investment strategies. Institutional investors are actively seeking opportunities that deliver measurable environmental impact alongside financial returns. The issuance of blue bonds by governments, corporations, and NGOs is providing a transparent and accountable mechanism to channel funds directly into ocean-positive projects. Furthermore, the development of standardized frameworks and certification processes has enhanced investor confidence, reducing perceived risks and encouraging broader participation in the blue bond market.

Technological advancements and innovative financial structuring are also playing a pivotal role in the expansion of the blue bond market. New tools for monitoring and verifying the impact of blue bond-funded projects are bolstering transparency and accountability. Additionally, collaborations between the public and private sectors, as well as multilateral organizations, are facilitating the scaling of blue finance. These partnerships are critical in overcoming challenges related to project identification, risk assessment, and capacity building, thereby accelerating the deployment of capital towards sustainable ocean initiatives.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific currently leads the global blue bond market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed closely by Europe and North America. The Asia Pacific’s dominance is underpinned by the region’s extensive coastlines, high dependence on marine resources, and proactive government policies supporting sustainable development. Europe is also making significant strides, driven by robust regulatory frameworks and ambitious climate goals. Meanwhile, North America is experiencing steady growth due to increasing investor interest in sustainable finance and emerging blue economy opportunities. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually entering the market, supported by international development finance and growing awareness of the economic value of healthy oceans.

Type Analysis

The blue bond market is segmented by type into sovereign blue bonds, corporate blue bonds, and municipal blue bonds. Sovereign blue bonds have emerged as a pioneering instrument, with governments leveraging their creditworthiness to raise capital for large-scale marine conservation and climate resilience projects. Countries such as Seychelles and Belize have set global precedents, issuing sovereign blue bonds to finance sustainable fisheries management and marine protected areas. These issuances not only provide much-needed funding for critical projects but also set benchmarks for transparency, a

Of the nearly ** trillion U.S. dollars of marketable U.S. treasury securities that were outstanding as of June 2025, ************** were for treasury notes. Treasury notes have maturities of two, three, five, seven or 10 years, and have a coupon payment every six months. This contrasts to treasury bills, with maturity of one year or less, and treasury bonds, which have a maturity of 30 years.

The yield on China 10Y Bond Yield eased to 1.88% on September 26, 2025, marking a 0.02 percentage point decrease from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.11 points, though it remains 0.30 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. China 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on September of 2025.

The Global Green Bonds Market is Segmented by Issuer Type (Sovereigns, Supranationals & Agencies, Financial Corporates, Non-Financial Corporates, and Municipal & Local Authorities), Use-Of-Proceeds Sector (Energy, Buildings, Transport, Water & Wastewater, and More), Bond Format (Senior Unsecured, Asset-backed/Project Bond, Covered Bond, and More), and Geography. The Market Forecasts are Provided in Value (USD).