These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed. Researchers compiled datasets on prison admissions and releases that would be comparable across places and geocoded and mapped those data onto crime rates across those same places. The data used were panel data. The data were quarterly or annual data, depending on the location, from a mix of urban (Boston, Newark and Trenton) and rural communities in New Jersey covering various years between 2000 and 2010. The crime, release, and admission data were individual level data that were then aggregated from the individual incident level to the census tract level by quarter (in Boston and Newark) or year (in Trenton). The analyses centered on the effects of rates of prison removals and returns on rates of crime in communities (defined as census tracts) in the cities of Boston, Massachusetts, Newark, New Jersey, and Trenton, New Jersey, and across rural municipalities in New Jersey. There are 4 Stata data files. The Boston data file has 6,862 cases, and 44 variables. The Newark data file has 1,440 cases, and 45 variables. The Trenton data file has 66 cases, and 32 variables. The New Jersey Rural data file has 1,170 cases, and 32 variables.

In 2023, the District of Columbia had the highest reported violent crime rate in the United States, with 1,150.9 violent crimes per 100,000 of the population. Maine had the lowest reported violent crime rate, with 102.5 offenses per 100,000 of the population. Life in the District The District of Columbia has seen a fluctuating population over the past few decades. Its population decreased throughout the 1990s, when its crime rate was at its peak, but has been steadily recovering since then. While unemployment in the District has also been falling, it still has had a high poverty rate in recent years. The gentrification of certain areas within Washington, D.C. over the past few years has made the contrast between rich and poor even greater and is also pushing crime out into the Maryland and Virginia suburbs around the District. Law enforcement in the U.S. Crime in the U.S. is trending downwards compared to years past, despite Americans feeling that crime is a problem in their country. In addition, the number of full-time law enforcement officers in the U.S. has increased recently, who, in keeping with the lower rate of crime, have also made fewer arrests than in years past.

The Shootings dashboard contains information on shooting incidents where a victim was struck by a bullet, either fatally or non-fatally; that occurred in the City of Boston and fall under Boston Police Department jurisdiction. The dashboard does not contain records for self-inflicted gunshot wounds or shootings determined to be justifiable. Information on the incident, and the demographics of victims are included. This information is updated based on analysis conducted by the Boston Regional Intelligence Center under the Boston Police Department Bureau of Intelligence and Analysis. The data is for 2015 forward, with a 7 day rolling delay to allow for analysis and data entry to occur.

Context

The Boston house-price data of Harrison, D. and Rubinfeld, D.L. 'Hedonic prices and the demand for clean air', J. Environ. Economics & Management, vol.5, 81-102, 1978.

Attribute Information

Input features in order: 1) CRIM: per capita crime rate by town 2) ZN: proportion of residential land zoned for lots over 25,000 sq.ft. 3) INDUS: proportion of non-retail business acres per town 4) CHAS: Charles River dummy variable (1 if tract bounds river; 0 otherwise) 5) NOX: nitric oxides concentration (parts per 10 million) [parts/10M] 6) RM: average number of rooms per dwelling 7) AGE: proportion of owner-occupied units built prior to 1940 8) DIS: weighted distances to five Boston employment centres 9) RAD: index of accessibility to radial highways 10) TAX: full-value property-tax rate per $10,000 [$/10k] 11) PTRATIO: pupil-teacher ratio by town 12) B: The result of the equation B=1000(Bk - 0.63)^2 where Bk is the proportion of blacks by town 13) LSTAT: % lower status of the population

Output variable: 1) MEDV: Median value of owner-occupied homes in $1000's [k$]

Source

StatLib - Carnegie Mellon University

Relevant Papers

Harrison, David & Rubinfeld, Daniel. (1978). Hedonic housing prices and the demand for clean air. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. 5. 81-102. 10.1016/0095-0696(78)90006-2. LINK

Belsley, David A. & Kuh, Edwin. & Welsch, Roy E. (1980). Regression diagnostics: identifying influential data and sources of collinearity. New York: Wiley LINK