[From "BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2001: 2000 in review"]

 "World consumption of primary energy rebounded in 2000, rising by
 2.1%, driven by continued strong growth in the world economy and a
 return to colder winter weather patterns. There were again strong
 contrasts in the performance of different fuels. Natural gas and coal
 grew by significantly more than their 1990-2000 annual averages and
 oil and nuclear energy grew effectively in line with their 10-year
 average, while hydroelectricity grew by less."

Data taken from "Our World in Data".

Data is compiled by Our World in Data based on two sources:

– BP Statistical Review of World Energy: https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html – Ember: https://ember-climate.org/data/

We rely on electricity mix data from BP as our primary source for two key reasons: BP also provides total energy (not just electricity) consumption data, meaning energy and electricity data is consistent from the same source; and it provides a longer time-series (dating back to 1965) versus only 2000 from Ember.

However, BP does not provide data for all countries. So, where data from BP is available for a given country or year, we rely on it as the primary source. But we supplement this with data from Ember where it's not available.

2020 electricity data is currently only available for EU countries and the UK based on the latest release of European data from Ember: https://ember-climate.org/data/european-electricity/

Our World in Data has converted absolute electricity production by source to the share in the mix by dividing each by the total electricity production.

An annual publication that provides high-quality objective and globally consistent data on world energy markets. Tables include consumption of primary energy; reserves, production, consumption, prices and trade data for oil, natural gas and coal; consumption of nuclear energy, hydroelectricity and renewable energy; electricity generation; and carbon dioxide emissions.

Website: http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html

1.1.1a: Does the government publicly disclose data on extractive resource reserves?

The BP Statistical review of World Energy provides an interactive energy charting tool, with data back to 1965, and a conversion calculator. The 2006 Review includes data through the year 2005 including: - Oil production: Global oil output rose by 900,000 barrels per day in 2005 - Natural gas production: Gas production rose by 2.5%, despite declines in some regions - Coal production: China had 80% of the growth in the world's fastest growing fuel

Context

Data is compiled by Our World in Data based on two sources: – BP Statistical Review of World Energy: https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html – Ember: https://ember-climate.org/data/

Generation in THh between 2000 and 2019

Content

World in Data rely on electricity mix data from BP as it's primary source for two key reasons: BP also provides total energy (not just electricity) consumption data, meaning energy and electricity data is consistent from the same source; and it provides a longer time-series. However, BP does not provide data for all countries, but these were removed from this datasets.

Acknowledgements

Ember compiles electricity mix data from numerous international and national sources, but relies on the Energy Information Administration (EIA) as its primary source.

The energy statistics published by BP are a reference source in the sector.

The MSCI energy equity indices for 21 major countries around the world are collected and collated for this study. Bloomberg is the source of data. The countries clustered for each region—viz., Asia Pacific and Africa, Europe, and North and Latin America—are listed below with their respective Bloomberg indices. The countries are selected by energy consumption data for the last ten years (collected from BP statistical report of World Energy 2016, 2017 & 2018, visit https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html). Since MSCI energy indices are not available for Middle Eastern regions, none of the nations from that region has been included in the study. Due to the unavailability of energy indices for some nations, e.g., Germany in Europe, and Mexico in Latin America are not included in the study.

Global anthropogenic CO2 emissions based on EDGARv4.3, fuel type and category specific emissions provided by Greet Janssens-Maenhout (EU-JRC), BP statistics 2016 (http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/excel/energy-economics/statistical-review-2016/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2016-workbook.xlsx), temporal variations based on MACC-TNO (https://gmes-atmosphere.eu/documents/deliverables/d-emis/MACC_TNO_del_1_3_v2.pdf), temporal extrapolation and disaggregation described in COFFEE (Steinbach et al. 2011). Gerbig, C., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Karstens, U. (2017). Global anthropogenic CO2 emissions based on EDGARv4.3 and BP statistics 2016, 2009-08-01–2009-08-31, https://hdl.handle.net/11676/-Ds8OPhCs4jTWMyTVyH9C5Xg

The source of this data is the 71st edition of the 'Statistical Review of World Energy' published by British Petroleum (BP plc).

The data represents the Primary energy consumption of the World in ExaJoules (EJ) for every year from 1965 to 2021 segregated by country and fuel.

The fuels can be categorized into four groups: Category 1 - Fossil fuels that include Coal, Oil & Natural gas Category 2 - Nuclear and Hydro-electricity Category 3 - Renewables used to generate electricity like Solar, Wind, Geothermal and Biomass Category 4 - Other renewables that include bio fuels like bio gasoline and bio diesel

For electricity generators using non-fossil fuel sources, the primary energy consumption is calculated on an input equivalent basis - i.e. based on the equivalent amount of fossil fuel input required to generate that amount of electricity in a standard thermal power plant. For example, consider the case of a Solar electricity generator that has an output of 100 TWh. Assuming the efficiency of a thermal power plant is 40%, the primary energy consumption of the Solar generator is 100/0.4 = 250 TWh.

China is the largest consumer of primary energy in the world, having used some 176.35 exajoules in 2024. This is a lot more than what the United States consumed, which comes in second place. The majority of primary energy fuels worldwide are still derived from fossil fuels, such as oil and coal. China's energy mix China’s primary energy mix has shifted from a dominant use of coal to an increase in natural gas and renewable sources. Since 2013, the renewables share in total energy consumption has grown by around eight percentage points. Overall, global primary energy consumption has increased over the last decade, and it is expected to experience the largest growth in emerging economies like the BRIC countries - Brazil, Russia, India, and China. What is primary energy? Primary energy is the energy inherent in natural resources such as crude oil, coal, and wind before further transformation. For example, crude oil can be refined into secondary fuels, such as gasoline or diesel, while wind is harnessed for electricity - itself a secondary energy source. A country’s total primary energy supply is a measure of the country’s primary energy sources. Meanwhile, end-use energy is the energy directly consumed by the user and includes primary fuels such as natural gas, as well as secondary sources, like electricity and gasoline.

The dataset contains the following information from 12 Middle Eastern countries from 1990 to 2020 (namely Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen): • The population (according to the United Nations population statistics) • The GDPs of countries (constant 2010 US dollar) in the studied period (collected from World Bank datasets) • Energy consumption in the Middle East by fuel (collected from the International Energy Agency (IEA) Energy Outlook and British Petroleum (BP) statistical review) • The rate of carbon dioxide emissions in the Middle East by fuel (collected from the International Energy Agency (IEA) Energy Outlook and British Petroleum (BP) statistical review)

Context

This complete CO2 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions dataset is a collection of key metrics maintained by Our World in Data. It is updated regularly and includes data on CO2 emissions (annual, per capita, cumulative and consumption-based), other greenhouse gases, energy mix, and other relevant metrics.

Content

• CO2 emissions: this data is sourced from the Global Carbon Project. The Global Carbon Project typically releases a new update of CO2 emissions annually.
• Greenhouse gas emissions (including methane, and nitrous oxide): this data is sourced from the CAIT Climate Data Explorer, and downloaded from the Climate Watch Portal.
• Energy (primary energy, energy mix and energy intensity): this data is sourced from a combination of two sources. The BP Statistical Review of World Energy is published annually, but it does not provide data on primary energy consumption for all countries. For countries absent from this dataset, we calculate primary energy by multiplying the World Bank, World Development Indicators metric Energy use per capita by total population figures. The World Bank sources this metric from the IEA.
• Other variables: this data is collected from a variety of sources (United Nations, World Bank, Gapminder, Maddison Project Database, etc.). More information is available in our codebook.

Acknowledgements

Our World in Data Edouard Mathieu Bobbie Macdonald Hannah Ritchie Daniel Dias

Global primary energy consumption has increased dramatically in recent years and is projected to continue to increase until 2045. Only renewable energy consumption is expected to increase between 2045 and 2050 and reach almost 30 percent of the global energy consumption. Energy consumption by country The distribution of energy consumption globally is disproportionately high among some countries. China, the United States, and India were by far the largest consumers of primary energy globally. On a per capita basis, Qatar, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, and Iceland had the highest per capita energy consumption. Renewable energy consumption Over the last two decades, renewable electricity consumption has increased to reach over 48.8 exajoules in 2024. Among all countries globally, China had the largest installed renewable energy capacity as of that year, followed by the United States.

This is an updated version of Gütschow et al. (2019, http://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2019.001). Please use this version which incorporates updates to input data as well as correction of errors in the original dataset and its previous updates. For a detailed description of the changes please consult the CHANGELOG included in the data description document. The PRIMAP-hist dataset combines several published datasets to create a comprehensive set of greenhouse gas emission pathways for every country and Kyoto gas covering the years 1850 to 2017, and all UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) member states, as well as most non-UNFCCC territories. The data resolves the main IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2006 categories. For CO2, CH4, and N2O subsector data for Energy, Industrial Processes and Agriculture is available. Version 2.1 of the PRIMAP-hist dataset does not include emissions from Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF). List of datasets included in this data publication:(1) PRIMAP-hist_v2.1_09-Nov-2019.csv: With numerical extrapolation of all time series to 2017. (only in .zip folder)(2) PRIMAP-hist_no_extrapolation_v2.1_09-Nov-2019.csv: Without numerical extrapolation of missing values. (only in .zip folder)(3) PRIMAP-hist_v2.1_data-format-description: including CHANGELOG(4) PRIMAP-hist_v2.1_updated_figures: updated figures of those published in Gütschow et al. (2016)(all files are also included in the .zip folder) When using this dataset or one of its updates, please also cite the data description article (Gütschow et al., 2016, http://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-571-2016) to which this data are supplement to. Please consider also citing the relevant original sources. SOURCES:- Global CO2 emissions from cement production v4: Andrew (2019)- BP Statistical Review of World Energy: BP (2019)- CDIAC: Boden et al. (2017)- EDGAR version 4.3.2: JRC and PBL (2017), Janssens-Maenhout et al. (2017)- EDGAR versions 4.2 and 4.2 FT2010: JRC and PBL (2011), Olivier and Janssens-Maenhout (2012)- EDGAR-HYDE 1.4: Van Aardenne et al. (2001), Olivier and Berdowski (2001)- FAOSTAT database: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2019)- RCP historical data: Meinshausen et al. (2011)- UNFCCC National Communications and National Inventory Reports for developing countries: UNFCCC (2019)- UNFCCC Biennal Update Reports: UNFCCC (2019)- UNFCCC Common Reporting Format (CRF): UNFCCC (2018), UNFCCC (2019), Jeffery et al. (2018) Full references are available in the data description document.

China's daily biofuel production reached *** thousand barrels of oil equivalent in 2024, an increase by **** percent in comparison to the year prior. Between 2002 and 2024, production of biofuels in the East Asian country experienced a growth of *** thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day. As of 2024, China's production corresponded to *** percent of the global biofuel production.

Recommended citation

Gütschow, J.; Pflüger, M. (2023): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series v2.4.1 (1750-2021). zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7585420.

Gütschow, J.; Jeffery, L.; Gieseke, R.; Gebel, R.; Stevens, D.; Krapp, M.; Rocha, M. (2016): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 571-603, doi:10.5194/essd-8-571-2016

Content

• Use of the dataset and full description
• Abstract
• Support
• Sources
• Files included in the dataset
• Notes
• Data format description (columns)
• References
• Changelog

Abstract

The PRIMAP-hist dataset combines several published datasets to create a comprehensive set of greenhouse gas emission pathways for every country and Kyoto gas, covering the years 1750 to 2021, and almost all UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) member states as well as most non-UNFCCC territories. The data resolves the main IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2006 categories. For CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O subsector data for Energy, Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU), and Agriculture are available. The "country reported data priority" (CR) scenario of the PRIMAP-hist datset prioritizes data that individual countries report to the UNFCCC. For developed countries, AnnexI in terms of the UNFCCC, this is the data submitted anually in the "common reporting format" (CRF). For developing countries, non-AnnexI in terms of the UNFCCC, this is the data available through the UNFCCC DI interface (di.unfccc.int) with additional country submissions read from pdf and where available xls(x) or csv files. For a list of these submissions please see below. For South Korea the 2021 official GHG inventory has not yet been submitted to the UNFCCC but is included in PRIMAP-hist. PRIMAP-hist also includes official data for Taiwan which is not recognized as a party to the UNFCCC.

Gaps in the country reported data are filled using third party data such as CDIAC, BP (fossil CO₂), Andrew cement emissions data (cement), FAOSTAT (agriculture), and EDGAR v7.0 (all sectors). Lower priority data are harmonized to higher priority data in the gap-filling process.

For the third party priority time series gaps in the third party data are filled from country reported data sources.

Data for earlier years which are not available in the above mentioned sources are sourced from EDGAR-HYDE, CEDS, and RCP (N₂O only) historical emissions.

The v2.4 release of PRIMAP-hist reduced the time-lag from 2 to 1 years. Thus we include data for 2021 while the 2.3.1 version included data for 2019 only. For energy CO$_2$ growth rates from the BP statistical review of world energy are used to extend the country reported (CR) or CDIAC (TP) data to 2021. For CO$_2$ from cement production Andrew cement data are used. For other gases and sectors, EDGAR 7.0 is used in PRIMAP-hist v2.4.1 (v2,4 had to rely on numerical methods ).

Version 2.4.1 of the PRIMAP-hist dataset does not include emissions from Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) in the main file. LULUCF data are included in the file with increased number of significant digits and have to be used with care as they are constructed from different sources using different methodologies and are not harmonized.

The PRIMAP-hist v2.4.1 dataset is an updated version of

Gütschow, J.; Pflüger, M. (2021): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series v2.4 (1750-2021). zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7179775

The Changelog indicates the most important changes. You can also check the issue tracker on github.com/JGuetschow/PRIMAP-hist for additional information on issues found after the release of the dataset.

Use of the dataset and full description

Before using the dataset, please read this document and the article describing the methodology, especially the section on uncertainties and the section on limitations of the method and use of the dataset.

Gütschow, J.; Jeffery, L.; Gieseke, R.; Gebel, R.; Stevens, D.; Krapp, M.; Rocha, M. (2016): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 571-603, doi:10.5194/essd-8-571-2016

Please notify us (mail@johannes-guetschow.de) if you use the dataset so that we can keep track of how it is used and take that into consideration when updating and improving the dataset.

When using this dataset or one of its updates, please cite the DOI of the precise version of the dataset used and also the data description article which this dataset is supplement to (see above). Please consider also citing the relevant original sources when using the PRIMAP-hist dataset. See the full citations in the References section further below.

Since version 2.3 we use the data formats developed for the PRIMAP2 climate policy analysis suite: PRIMAP2 on GitHub. The data are published both in the interchange format which consists of a csv file with the data and a yaml file with additional metadata and the native NetCDF based format. For a detailed description of the data format we refer to the PRIMAP2 documentation.

We have also, for the first, time included files with more than three significant digits. These files are mainly aimed at people doing policy analysis using the country reported data scenario (HISTCR). Using the high precision data they can avoid questions on discrepancies with the reported data. The uncertainties of emissions data do not justify the additional significant digits and they might give a false sense of accuracy, so please use this version of the dataset with extra care.

Support

If you encounter possible errors or other things that should be noted, please check our issue tracker at github.com/JGuetschow/PRIMAP-hist and report your findings there. Please use the tag “v2.4.1” in any issue you create regarding this dataset.

If you need support in using the dataset or have any other questions regarding the dataset, please contact mail@johannes-guetschow.de.

Sources

• Global CO$_2$ emissions from cement production v220919 (Andrew 2022)** data, paper: Andrew
  (2022), Andrew (2019b)
• BP Statistical Review of World Energy website: British Petroleum (2022)
• CDIAC data: Boden et al. (2017): Gilfillan et al. (2020), paper Gilfillan and Marland (2021)
• EDGAR versions 4.2 and 4.2 FT2010: EDGAR v4.2, EDGAR v4.2 FT2010: JRC and PBL (2011), Olivier and Janssens-Maenhout (2012)
• EDGAR version 7.0: data, website, Reports: JRC (2022), JRC (2021)
• EDGAR-HYDE 1.4 data: Van Aardenne et al. (2001), Olivier and Berdowski (2001)
• FAOSTAT database data: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2023)
• RCP historical data data, paper: Meinshausen et al. (2011)
• UNFCCC National Communications and National Inventory Reports for developing countries website, slightly updated version of data: UNFCCC (2022c), Pflüger and Gütschow (2022)
• UNFCCC Biennial Update Reports website: UNFCCC (2022b)
• UNFCCC Common Reporting Format (CRF) website, paper, data (23-01-23): UNFCCC (2023a) (processed as described in Jeffery et al. (2018a))
• Official country repositories (non-UNFCCC)
  • Taiwan / Republic of China: website, data: Republic of

O Anuário Estatístico Brasileiro do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis 2022 consolida os dados referentes ao desempenho da indústria do petróleo, gás natural e biocombustíveis e do sistema de abastecimento nacionais no período 2012-2021. Estão disponíveis para consulta e download as tabelas integrantes do Anuário 2022 representadas em metadados e no formato CSV. A ANP não divulgará os dados de reservas internacionais provadas de petróleo e gás natural de 2021, porque o BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2022, nossa fonte de dados internacionais, ainda não publicou esses dados. Portanto serão repetidos os dados do Anuário de 2021.

Die Statistik zeigt die Raffineriekapazitäten für Erdöl in Eurasien insgesamt in den Jahren von 1965 bis 2022. Im Jahr 2022 lagen die Raffineriekapazitäten in Eurasien bei rund ** Millionen Barrel pro Tag.Der BP Statistical Review of World Energy erschien erstmalig 1951. Er enthält Zahlen, Daten und Fakten über die weltweite Produktion und den Verbrauch von Öl, Gas, Kohle, Kern- und Wasserkraft und erneuerbaren Energien. Laut Quelle sind die Kapazitäten für die atmosphärische Destillation auf der Grundlage eines Kalendertags angegeben.

Please use the updated version of this dataset which incorporates updates to input data as well as correction of errors in the original dataset. For a detailed description of the changes please consult the CHANGELOG included in the data description document of the new version. This dataset combines several published datasets to create a comprehensive set of greenhouse gas emission pathways for every country and Kyoto gas covering the years 1850 to 2014 and all UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) member states as well as most non-UNFCCC territories. The data resolves the main IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 1996 categories. For CO₂ from energy and industry time series for subsectors are available. List of datasets included in this data publication:PRIMAP-hist_v1.0_14-Apr-2016.csv: With numerical extrapolation of all time series to 2014. PRIMAP-hist_no_extrapolation_v1.0_14-Apr-2016.csv: Without numerical extrapolation of missing values. When using this dataset or one of its updates, please cite the precise version of the dataset used. Please consider also citing the relevant original sources.

Sources: UNFCCC National Communications and National Inventory Reports for developing countries: UNFCCC (2015) UNFCCC Biennal Update Reports: UNFCCC (2016) UNFCCC Common Reporting Format (CRF): UNFCCC (2013), UNFCCC (2014) BP Statistical Review of World Energy: BP (2014) CDIAC: Boden et al. (2015) EDGAR versions 4.2 and 4.2 FT2010: JRC and PBL (2011), Olivier and Janssens-Maenhout (2012) FAOSTAT database: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2015b) Houghton land use CO2: Houghton (2008); RCP historical data: Meinshausen et al. (2011) EDGAR-HYDE 1.4: Van Aardenne et al. (2001), Olivier and Berdowski (2001), HYDE land cover data: Klein Goldewijk et al. (2010), Klein Goldewijk et al. (2011) SAGE Global Potential Vegetation Dataset: Ramankutty and Foley (1999) FAO Country Boundaries: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2015a)