In the first three months of 2022 and 2023, the average consumer basket ticket price in retail in Brazil varied significantly depending on the socio-economic level. Classes A & B, meaning those earning more than ** times the minimum wage (or ********* Brazilian reals), had an average ticket price of **** reals. The lowest income levels, classes D & E, spent on average more than class C.

Proportion of Population Pushed Below the 60% Median Consumption Poverty Line By Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure: % data was reported at 2.040 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.030 % for 2008. Proportion of Population Pushed Below the 60% Median Consumption Poverty Line By Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure: % data is updated yearly, averaging 2.030 % from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2017, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.040 % in 2017 and a record low of 1.920 % in 1996. Proportion of Population Pushed Below the 60% Median Consumption Poverty Line By Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. This indicator shows the fraction of a country’s population experiencing out-of-pocket health impoverishing expenditures, defined as expenditures without which the household they live in would have been above the 60% median consumption but because of the expenditures is below the poverty line. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).;Global Health Observatory. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023. (https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/financial-protection);Weighted average;This indicator is related to Sustainable Development Goal 3.8.2 [https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/].

Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: UNDP: % of total population data was reported at 3.800 % in 2015. Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: UNDP: % of total population data is updated yearly, averaging 3.800 % from Dec 2015 (Median) to 2015, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.800 % in 2015 and a record low of 3.800 % in 2015. Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: UNDP: % of total population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (UNDP) is the percentage of a population living in poverty according to UNDPs multidimensional poverty index. The index includes three dimensions -- health, education, and living standards.;Alkire, S., Kanagaratnam, U., and Suppa, N. (2023). ‘The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2023 country results and methodological note’, OPHI MPI Methodological Note 55, Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), University of Oxford. (https://ophi.org.uk/mpi-methodological-note-55-2/);;

City level open access data from 26 States and the Federal District and from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) [20], the Department of Informatics of Brazilian Public Health System – DATASUS, Ministry of Health, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) and from Brazil.io. Data from all 5,570 cities in Brazil were included in the analysis. COVID-19 data included cases and deaths reported between February 26th, 2020 and February 4th, 2021. The following outcomes were computed: a) days between the first case in Brazil until the first case in the city; b) days between the first case in the city until the day when 1,000 cases were reported; and c) days between the first death in city until the day when 50 deaths inhabitants were reported. Descriptive analyses were performed on the following: proportion of cities reaching 1,000 cases; number of cases at three, six, nine and 12 months after first case; cities reporting at least one COVID-19 related death; number of COVID-19 related deaths at three, six, nine and 12 months after first death in the country. All incidence data is adjusted for 100,000 inhabitants.The following covariates were included: a) geographic region where the city is located (Midwest, North, Northeast, Southeast and South), metropolitan city (no/yes) and urban or rural; b) social and environmental city characteristics [total area (Km2), urban area (Km2), population size (inhabitants), population living within urban area (inhabitants), population older than 60 years (%), indigenous population (%), black population (%), illiterate older than 25 years (%) and city in extreme poverty (no/yes)]; c) housing conditions [household with density >2 per dormitory (%), household with garbage collection (%), household connected to the water supply system (%) and household connected to the sewer system (%)]; d) job characteristics [commerce (%) and informal workers (%)]; e) socioeconomic and inequalities characteristics [GINI index; income per capita; poor or extremely poor (%) and households in informal urban settlements (%)]; f) health services access and coverage [number of National Public Health System (SUS) physicians per inhabitants (100,000 inhabitants), number of SUS nurses per inhabitants (100,000 inhabitants), number of intensive care units or ICU per inhabitants (100,000 inhabitants). All health services access and coverage variables were standardized using z-scores, combined into one single variable categorized into tertiles.

Brazil Social Isolation Index: State of São Paulo: Jandira data was reported at 40.000 % in 31 Dec 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 38.000 % for 30 Dec 2021. Brazil Social Isolation Index: State of São Paulo: Jandira data is updated daily, averaging 36.000 % from Mar 2020 (Median) to 31 Dec 2021, with 657 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 63.000 % in 12 Apr 2020 and a record low of 28.000 % in 19 Mar 2021. Brazil Social Isolation Index: State of São Paulo: Jandira data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Sao Paulo State Government. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAH013: Social Isolation Index: by State: São Paulo (Discontinued).

Data about homicide rate and the relationship with drug market and socioeconomic factors

Brazil BR: Literacy Rate: Adult Female: % of Females Aged 15 and Above data was reported at 94.920 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 93.000 % for 2018. Brazil BR: Literacy Rate: Adult Female: % of Females Aged 15 and Above data is updated yearly, averaging 92.000 % from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2022, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 94.920 % in 2022 and a record low of 73.000 % in 1980. Brazil BR: Literacy Rate: Adult Female: % of Females Aged 15 and Above data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Education Statistics. Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.;Weighted average;

Brazil Urbanization Rate: South data was reported at 85.600 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 85.700 % for 2014. Brazil Urbanization Rate: South data is updated yearly, averaging 82.900 % from Sep 2001 (Median) to 2015, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 85.700 % in 2014 and a record low of 81.434 % in 2002. Brazil Urbanization Rate: South data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAE006: Urbanization Rate.

Brazil BR: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data was reported at 52.000 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 52.900 % for 2021. Brazil BR: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data is updated yearly, averaging 56.400 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 63.300 % in 1989 and a record low of 48.900 % in 2020. Brazil BR: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Brazil Emigration Rate: per 1000 Inhabitants: Foreign Country: South data was reported at 19.553 % in 2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 17.100 % for 2009. Brazil Emigration Rate: per 1000 Inhabitants: Foreign Country: South data is updated yearly, averaging 16.250 % from Sep 2005 (Median) to 2011, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19.553 % in 2011 and a record low of 15.100 % in 2006. Brazil Emigration Rate: per 1000 Inhabitants: Foreign Country: South data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAE009: Emigration Rate.

Brazil BR: Literacy Rate: Youth: % of People Age 15-24 data was reported at 99.280 % in 2022. This stayed constant from the previous number of 99.280 % for 2021. Brazil BR: Literacy Rate: Youth: % of People Age 15-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 98.275 % from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2022, with 24 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 99.280 % in 2022 and a record low of 84.000 % in 1980. Brazil BR: Literacy Rate: Youth: % of People Age 15-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Education Statistics. Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.;Weighted average;

Brazil Taxes and Social Contributions: Taxes on Income and Property: Other data was reported at 141,010.000 BRL mn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 128,663.000 BRL mn for 2015. Brazil Taxes and Social Contributions: Taxes on Income and Property: Other data is updated yearly, averaging 116,882.000 BRL mn from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2016, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 141,010.000 BRL mn in 2016 and a record low of 85,737.000 BRL mn in 2010. Brazil Taxes and Social Contributions: Taxes on Income and Property: Other data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s National Accounts – Table BR.AB029: SNA 2008: Taxes and Social Contributions: by Government Level: Current Price.

Brazil Crude Birth Rate: per 1000 Population data was reported at 13.790 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 13.990 % for 2020. Brazil Crude Birth Rate: per 1000 Population data is updated yearly, averaging 15.975 % from Sep 2000 (Median) to 2021, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.702 % in 2000 and a record low of 13.790 % in 2021. Brazil Crude Birth Rate: per 1000 Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAE003: Crude Birth Rate.

Brazil BR: Literacy Rate: Youth Male: % of Males Aged 15-24 data was reported at 99.010 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 99.070 % for 2021. Brazil BR: Literacy Rate: Youth Male: % of Males Aged 15-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 97.680 % from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2022, with 24 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 99.070 % in 2021 and a record low of 83.000 % in 1980. Brazil BR: Literacy Rate: Youth Male: % of Males Aged 15-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Education Statistics. Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.;Weighted average;

Brazil Urbanization Rate data was reported at 84.700 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 85.100 % for 2014. Brazil Urbanization Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 84.021 % from Sep 2001 (Median) to 2015, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 85.100 % in 2014 and a record low of 82.500 % in 2005. Brazil Urbanization Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAE006: Urbanization Rate.

BR: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Lower Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data was reported at 68.810 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 66.510 % for 2022. BR: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Lower Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data is updated yearly, averaging 52.055 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2023, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 68.810 % in 2023 and a record low of 10.000 % in 1976. BR: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Lower Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Education Statistics. The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed lower secondary education.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.;;

Brazil Taxes and Social Contributions: Federal: Taxes on Income and Property: Income Taxes: Others data was reported at 31.000 BRL mn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 26.597 BRL mn for 2015. Brazil Taxes and Social Contributions: Federal: Taxes on Income and Property: Income Taxes: Others data is updated yearly, averaging 18.000 BRL mn from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2016, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.000 BRL mn in 2016 and a record low of 1.126 BRL mn in 2011. Brazil Taxes and Social Contributions: Federal: Taxes on Income and Property: Income Taxes: Others data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s National Accounts – Table BR.AB029: SNA 2008: Taxes and Social Contributions: by Government Level: Current Price.

Brazil Crude Birth Rate: per 1000 Population: Southeast data was reported at 12.714 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 12.957 % for 2014. Brazil Crude Birth Rate: per 1000 Population: Southeast data is updated yearly, averaging 14.971 % from Sep 2000 (Median) to 2015, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.478 % in 2000 and a record low of 12.714 % in 2015. Brazil Crude Birth Rate: per 1000 Population: Southeast data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAE003: Crude Birth Rate. Information relating to the year 2011 will be updated by the source (IBGE) until July 2013.

Brazil Taxes and Social Contributions: Municipal: Taxes on Income and Property data was reported at 48,007.000 BRL mn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 44,193.000 BRL mn for 2015. Brazil Taxes and Social Contributions: Municipal: Taxes on Income and Property data is updated yearly, averaging 33,731.000 BRL mn from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2016, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 48,007.000 BRL mn in 2016 and a record low of 24,226.000 BRL mn in 2010. Brazil Taxes and Social Contributions: Municipal: Taxes on Income and Property data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s National Accounts – Table BR.AB029: SNA 2008: Taxes and Social Contributions: by Government Level: Current Price.

Brazil Taxes and Social Contributions: Federal: Taxes on Income and Property data was reported at 403,166.000 BRL mn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 356,401.000 BRL mn for 2015. Brazil Taxes and Social Contributions: Federal: Taxes on Income and Property data is updated yearly, averaging 326,586.000 BRL mn from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2016, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 403,166.000 BRL mn in 2016 and a record low of 236,661.375 BRL mn in 2010. Brazil Taxes and Social Contributions: Federal: Taxes on Income and Property data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s National Accounts – Table BR.AB029: SNA 2008: Taxes and Social Contributions: by Government Level: Current Price.