During a 2023 survey, around 35 percent of respondents interviewed in Brazil said they belonged to the middle class. Meanwhile, 24.3 percent of the interviewees defined their social class as "low" and 25.7 percent stated that they were part of the middle class.Furthermore, Brazil's Gini coefficient, an indicator that measures wealth distribution, shows Brazil is one of the most unequal countries in the Latin American region.

In Brazil, 70.6 percent of consumers earned at least the equivalent of the highest 40 percent of global income earners as of 2022 in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Those who earned at least the equivalent of the top 10 percent of global income earners stood at 7.4 percent.

Abstract The 1990s, seen as the second lost decade, presented low dynamics of production and of the labor market in Brazil and in the Metropolitan Region of Natal (Northeastern Brazil). In this article, we consider that the labor market shows that the social classes are becoming increasingly segmented. Following this perspective, the article was based on Santos (2002) to study the segmentation of the labor market as a proxy for positions and segments of social classes in the analyzed reality. The hypothesis that guides the article is that possession of material assets, as well as qualification and command positions, are crucial to take on better positions in the structure of classes from the distribution standpoint. The analysis of the empirical data allows to increase the level of trust in the formulated hypothesis.

The files making up this database correspond to a household survey conducted in 2016 as part of a larger investigation into the lifeways and political subjectivities of Brazil’s “once-rising poor,” the demographic sector comprised of poor and working-class people exposed to various forms of socio-economic mobility in the early 21st century. In the corresponding methodology paper published in the Latin America Research Review (see “Publication” below for citation specifics), we reflect on the challenges of maintaining a critical perspective on class labels and relations that were the subject of intense contestation at the time. Next, we introduce the resultant survey sample (n=1,204), highlighting the variables captured. Rather than an exhaustive summary of all variables measured, we establish the demographic profile, mobility experiences, and political values, attitudes, and behaviors of our sample. As we show, the portrait that emerges for this sector is one of economic precarity, heterogeneous experiences of socioeconomic mobility (and non-mobility) over the past two decades, and significant alienation from formal politics. Here you will find: the raw BORP dataset, original survey questionnaires (in English and Portuguese), and a codebook (in English).

Overall, the percentage of the Brazilian population whose average per capita income was below the extreme poverty line experienced a downward trend between 2001 and 2020. In the case of the unemployed and inactive population, the share fluctuates. All statuses peak in 2021, being for the unemployed sector with the highest difference with 21.9 in share increase among them.

Abstract This article presents the partial results of a research on the current state of educational disparities in São Paulo. Based on a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the IBGE 2010 Census data, the relationship between social position, life conditions, and the social uses of the educational system was analyzed. The results show that a first axis opposes, as expected, the rich and poor neighborhoods, and a second axis reveals a less evident opposition inside the regions. Based on high school credentials, this second opposition differentiates the neighborhoods in the middle and upper class regions as well as in the poorer regions of the city outskirts.

Brazil BR: Educational Attainment, At Least Completed Upper Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data was reported at 60.106 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 54.010 % for 2022. Brazil BR: Educational Attainment, At Least Completed Upper Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data is updated yearly, averaging 39.980 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2023, with 24 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 60.106 % in 2023 and a record low of 5.680 % in 1970. Brazil BR: Educational Attainment, At Least Completed Upper Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Education Statistics. The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed upper secondary education.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.;;

Abstract This paper analyses the discursive construction of Brazil’s new middle class (also called new class C) in the Brazilian telenovela (soap opera) I Love Paraisópolis, applying French semiotics as theoretical reference. Therefore, the first chapter of this telenovela, broadcasted by Rede Globo, in 2015, is taken as corpus. In the story, the main character, Marizete, lives in Paraisópolis favela, in São Paulo. It is noticeable, in this case, that the new class C does not play a peripheral part, but stars the central plot in the script. Thereby, acknowledging that the Brazil’s new middle class has privileged locus in the favela the telenovela is named after, the scenes are analyzed concerning the narrative and discursive levels of the generative path of meaning. Finally, taking into account Landowski’s (2002) model about the modes of relation to the otherness, it is presented how the relations between city and favela are established, also considering some elements of visual language. This pathway, therefore, allows to understand some of the social configurations in I Love Paraisópolis, considering, evidently, this society as an effect of meaning.

This data collection contains the results of a survey measuring political attitudes and behavior in Belo Horizonte, the capital city of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the time of the gubernatorial elections in 1965-1966. Undertaken in two waves -- from July to November l965 -- (before the elections), and June to July 1966 (after the elections) the survey was administered to a total of 645 heads of households and housewives in Belo Horizonte. Data include the respondents' partisan affiliations and their voting behavior over the past few elections, as well as their attitudes toward Brazil's present government, political situation (e.g., agrarian reform, influence of communism, influence of labor unions, and the expected presidential election in 1966), problems facing the country, and their own political efficacy and trust in the government. Other variables describe respondents' mobility (residential, interoccupational, and generational), awareness of social class in Brazil, subjective social status and aspirations, and attitudes toward authority. Demographic and background data include occupation, education, age, marital status, race, sex, literacy, household composition, place of residence before Belo Horizonte, length of residence (if ever) on a farm, length of residence in Belo Horizonte, total monthly income of family, membership in associations, and socioeconomic status.

Abstract Since the 1990s various Latin American countries have adopted public polices to reduce poverty and social exclusion, highlighted by the income transfer programs that compose the central core of government actions in various countries. The objective of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the evolution of poverty in Brazil and Argentina in the early 21st century, as well as the public policies of the time. The analysis focused on secondary data about the two themes found in both countries. It concludes that these programs contribute decisively to reducing the levels of poverty in the two countries, yet emphasizes that the eradication of poverty requires greater articulation between the various social policies and emphasizes the need for the construction and consolidation of a broad social protection system.

This dataset contains files for the replication of "Racial Social Norms among Brazilian Students: Academic Performance, Social Status and Racial Identification". Data comes from the project Attitudes and Relationships among Primary and High School Students. The project interviewed more than 4 thousand students in five Brazilian public schools. It contains information about the students, their beliefs, and friendship ties between them. Paper Abstract: Studies in the United States show that minority students might face a trade-off between better academic performance and peer acceptance, the so-called ``acting white''. This paper investigates the relationship between grades and social status in five Brazilian schools and how it differs between racial groups. Social status is measured using friendship ties among students, assigning higher status to students more central in the network. The racial composition of friendship ties is diverse, although friendships tends to favor racial peers, especially for black students. We find a positive correlation between grades and social status of nonwhite students that is driven by their status among their white classmates. This differs from the pattern observed in the US, where a negative correlation between minorities' grades and their status among racial peers is not compensated by their status among white students. We also investigate how academic performance is associated with racial identity choice conditional on skin color, finding a weak negative relationship between higher grades and the odds of classification as mixed-race.

The article aims to analyze the inequalities in the professional trajectories of doctors and nurses in today’s Brazil, from a quantitative approach that allowed for the contrast of representative trajectories concerning different positions in the professional space. The data are derived from an online survey applied to a sample of 188 doctors and 186 nurses. It is assumed that trajectories tend to differ according to resources inherited from the family of origin, higher education training course (undergraduate and graduate), type of insertion in the labor market and career internship. The methodological approach applied the combination of a Multiple Correspondence Analysis and cluster analysis. The results contribute to the understanding of how inter- and intra-professional differences both reproduce and reinforce inequalities within the professional space.

The newspaper articles included in the Brazilian Corpus on Urban violence were collected from Factiva, a news aggregator service that provides full-text access to newspapers, newswires, business journals, market research and analyst reports, and web sites from 118 countries. Here we focused on articles published between 01/Jan/2014 to 31/Dec/2014 by the following Brazilian newspapers: Zero Hora, Pioneiro, Folha de São Paulo, and O Estado de São Paulo. These are daily broadsheet papers with wide circulation in the states where they are based. The first two (Zero Hora and Pioneiro) are based in the Brazil’s Southern state of Rio Grande do Sul, where the Brazilian researchers in this project are based and hence the focus of our study. The other two newspapers are published in São Paulo, the wealthiest and most populated state in Brazil. They were included in the corpus to allow comparison of the discourse around urban violence in different regions of Brazil. Overall, the corpus contains 5,127 texts (1,778,282 words)

Brazil's current social and political situation gives rise to a particular breed of urban violence aimed at individuals and characterized by its continual presence. The average Brazilian citizen has to contend with this violence on a daily basis. This creates a general state of fear and insecurity among the population in general, but, at the same time, may promote on the part of more socially aware individuals, a sense of empathy with the less privileged classes in Brazil. The influence of the media contributes to this scenario. Daily news reports highlight violent acts carried out by individuals or groups from all social classes. The impact of violence on people's everyday lives is thus amplified by the media. This fosters beliefs, attitudes and values related to violence, which may or may not be consistent with the actual incidence, forms and causes of violence. The partners will investigate the linguistic representation of urban violence in Brazil by applying the techniques of Corpus Linguistics to two datasets, or 'corpora': 1. The existing transcripts of two focus groups on living with urban violence conducted in Fortaleza, Brazil in 2010, for a total of approximately 20,000 words (Focus Groups Corpus); 2. A 2-million-word corpus of news reports in the Brazilian press, to be constructed as part of the partnership (News Reports Corpus).

The data for this study were collected in 1960 at 15 law schools in several states in Brazil. The study gathered family background data, including age and education of the respondents' siblings, national origins of parents and grandparents, education of parents, occupation of father, and social class of the respondents' families. The respondents' pasts were further explored through questions about their motivation for choosing law as a field, subjects other than law that they had studied, and average grades obtained. In addition, the study probed occupational intentions, frequency of travel abroad, voting participation, desirability of student political activity, and the respondents' involvement in student politics. Demographic information covers the respondents' age, gender, marital status, and city and state of birth.

Observers have long noted Brazil’s distinctive racial politics: the coexistence of relatively integrated race relations and a national ideology of “racial democracy” with deep social inequalities along color lines. Those defending a vision of a non-racist Brazil attribute such inequalities to mechanisms perpetuating class distinctions. We examine how members of disadvantaged groups perceive their disadvantage and determinants of self-reports of discriminatory experiences, using 2010 AmericasBarometer data. About a third of respondents reports experiencing discrimination. Consistent with Brazilian national myths, respondents are much more likely to report discrimination due to their class than to their race. Nonetheless, the respondent’s skin color, as coded by the interviewer, is a strong determinant of reporting class as well as race and gender discrimination. Race is more strongly associated with perceived “class” discrimination than are household wealth, education, or region of residence; female gender intensifies the association between color and discrimination.

ABSTRACT By 2017, Brazil seems to have finally awakened to the problem of food loss and waste. In this article, we resume the topic started in the article “Postharvest losses of perishables in Brazil: what do we know so far?” published earlier this year, but now with an emphasis on food losses and waste (FLW). We divided this article into four sections: (a) search for scientific publications on postharvest losses (PHL) and food waste (FW) in Portuguese; (b) social classes and food consumption in Brazil and household food waste; (c) the national legal framework on FLW; and (d) current food security policies and civil society actions on FLW. Google Scholar searches yielded 46,100 records for FW and 16,100 for PHL, but only 37 and 19 records, respectively, when the searches were restricted to the title of the papers. There is a clear division of subjects: PHL is more related to Agriculture and Economy and FW to Health, Nutrition and the Environment, and reasons and consequences are discussed. Food consumption and waste in Brazil must take into account the great social heterogeneity and high income inequality, as well as some unexpected driving cultural reasons. About 30 bills related to food waste have been discussed in the Brazilian Congress since 1997, with a low expectation of approval in the short term. In the absence of a regulatory framework to reduce losses and facilitate the donation of food, society has found its own way of dealing with the problem. Some initiatives are presented here, along with some governmental food security policies which had positive impacts in reducing FLW, such as National School Feeding Program (PNAE), food banks and popular restaurants. Some international movements are also beginning to gain strength in Brazil, e.g., the purchase of fruits and vegetables outside of aesthetic standards, “SaveFood Brasil”, “Slow Food”, among others. These are all put in perspective.

Brazil Metal Structure and Heavy Boiler Works: Social Welfare Contribution data was reported at 365,094.000 BRL in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 393,560.000 BRL for 2016. Brazil Metal Structure and Heavy Boiler Works: Social Welfare Contribution data is updated yearly, averaging 429,861.000 BRL from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2017, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 554,137.000 BRL in 2014 and a record low of 210,513.000 BRL in 2007. Brazil Metal Structure and Heavy Boiler Works: Social Welfare Contribution data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Metal and Steel Sector – Table BR.WAM005: Metal Financial Data: Metals Structure and Heavy Boiler Works.

Regardless of the employment status, the percentage of the population of Brazil whose average per capita income was below the poverty line experienced a downward trend between 2001 and 2014. In the case of the unemployed population, the share fell from 51.6 to 31.6 percent. However, the percentage of people in unemployment living under the poverty line has been oscillating since that year, and in 2023 the share stood at 38 percent. Furthermore, less than six percent of employees in Brazil were living under the poverty line that year.

Relationship between the dependent variable work-related musculoskeletal disorders and independent variables of the study.

In 2023, the prevalence of extreme poverty among black men and women in Brazil was higher than that observed in other demographic groups. In particular, the rate of extreme poverty among black men reached two percent, which was the highest among all demographic groups.