Japan recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 6.40 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2022. This dataset provides - Japan Government Budget - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In 2024, the budget balance in Japan was estimated at approximately -101.76 billion U.S. dollars. Between 1980 and 2024, the figure dropped by around 25.63 billion U.S. dollars, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory. The forecast shows the budget balance will steadily decline by about 150.54 billion U.S. dollars from 2024 to 2030.

Key information about Japan Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP

• Japan Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 6.2 % of its Nominal GDP in Mar 2024, compared with a deficit equal to 11.6 % in the previous year
• Japan Consolidated Fiscal Balance to GDP data is updated yearly, available from Mar 1996 to Mar 2024, with an average ratio of -6.8 %
• The data reached an all-time high of -3.5 % in Mar 1998 and a record low of -14.8 % in Mar 2021

The Ministry of Finance provides annual Consolidated Fiscal Balance as % of Nominal GDP. Consolidated Fiscal Balance is calculated as Total Revenue excluding Revenue from Government Bond less Expenditure. Consolidated Fiscal Balance for current and coming fiscal years is forecasted. The forecast for the current year is revised when the official Consolidated Fiscal Balance is released. Nominal GDP prior to 2012 is based on SNA 1993. Consolidated Fiscal Balance as % of Nominal GDP is in annual frequency, ending in March of each year.


Further information about Japan Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Japan National Government Debt reached 9,396.6 USD bn in Apr 2023
• Japan Nominal GDP reached 1,080.1 USD bn in Mar 2023

The budget balance in relation to the gross domestic product (GDP) in Japan was estimated at approximately -2.48 percent in 2024. Between 1980 and 2024, the budget balance rose by around 1.94 percentage points, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. The budget balance is expected to drop by about 2.82 percentage points between 2024 and 2030, showing a continuous downward movement throughout the period.The indicator describes the general government net lending / borrowing, which is calculated as revenue minus total expenditure. The International Monetary Fund defines the general government expenditure as consisting of total expenses and the net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. The general government revenue consists of the revenue from taxes, social contributions, grants receivable, and other revenue.

Japan recorded a government budget deficit of 18446 JPY Hundred Million in the first quarter of 2025. This dataset provides - Japan Government Budget Value - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Japan Central Government Operations: Balance (Deficit/Surplus) data was reported at -43,350.000 JPY hm in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of -109,538.000 JPY hm for Sep 2024. Japan Central Government Operations: Balance (Deficit/Surplus) data is updated quarterly, averaging -80,543.454 JPY hm from Mar 2008 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 68 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 205,373.000 JPY hm in Mar 2024 and a record low of -449,236.693 JPY hm in Jun 2020. Japan Central Government Operations: Balance (Deficit/Surplus) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.F037: Central Goverment Operations.

Key information about Japan Consolidated Fiscal Balance

• Japan Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 331.331 USD bn in Dec 2023, compared with a deficit equal to 397.694 USD bn in the previous year.
• Japan Consolidated Fiscal Balance data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1995 to Dec 2023, with an average ratio of -326.578 USD bn.
• The data reached an all-time high of -150.272 USD bn in Dec 1997 and a record low of -748.714 USD bn in Dec 2020.

CEIC shifts year-end for annual Consolidated Fiscal Balance and converts it into USD. Consolidated Fiscal Balance is calculated as Total Revenue excluding Revenue from Government Bond less Expenditure. The Ministry of Finance provides Consolidated Fiscal Balance in local currency. Federal Reserve Board average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Consolidated Fiscal Balance is in annual frequency, ending in March of each year.

Graph and download economic data for Central government debt, total (% of GDP) for Japan (DEBTTLJPA188A) from 1990 to 2022 about Japan, debt, government, and GDP.

Tax and stamp revenues were planned to be the largest revenue sources for the initial general account budget in the fiscal year 2024, covering almost 62 percent of the planned total general expenditures in Japan. The consumption tax was to make up around 21 percent of the general account revenues in that year.

Japan: Budget balance forecast, percent of GDP: The latest value from 2030 is -5.3 percent, a decline from -4.62 percent in 2029. In comparison, the world average is -2.33 percent, based on data from 81 countries. Historically, the average for Japan from 1994 to 2030 is -5.07 percent. The minimum value, -8.32 percent, was reached in 2010 while the maximum of -2.35 percent was recorded in 2023.

In 2022, the negative fiscal balance of the general government in Japan accounted for *** percent of the gross domestic product (GDP). A negative fiscal balance means that government expenditures exceeded revenues.

Graph and download economic data for Cash surplus/deficit (% of GDP) for Japan (CASHBLJPA188A) from 1972 to 2013 about cash, budget, Japan, and GDP.

Around 68 percent of the revenue in the Japanese government's initial general account budget for the fiscal year 2025 was planned to come from taxes. Special deficit-financing bonds accounted for about 19 percent of the general account revenue budget.

Japan JP: Net Incurrence of Liabilities: Total: % of GDP data was reported at 4.127 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.440 % for 2016. Japan JP: Net Incurrence of Liabilities: Total: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 6.234 % from Mar 1992 (Median) to 2017, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.517 % in 2004 and a record low of -1.607 % in 1992. Japan JP: Net Incurrence of Liabilities: Total: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.World Bank: Government Revenue, Expenditure and Finance. Net incurrence of government liabilities includes foreign financing (obtained from nonresidents) and domestic financing (obtained from residents), or the means by which a government provides financial resources to cover a budget deficit or allocates financial resources arising from a budget surplus. The net incurrence of liabilities should be offset by the net acquisition of financial assets.; ; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files.; Weighted Average;

Japan JP: General Government: Primary Balance: % of GDP data was reported at -1.815 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of -1.773 % for 2022. Japan JP: General Government: Primary Balance: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging -3.557 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2023, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.218 % in 1990 and a record low of -9.284 % in 2009. Japan JP: General Government: Primary Balance: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.IMF.FM: Government Finance Statistics.

In the fiscal year 2023, a total national tax revenue of around 77.4 trillion Japanese yen was reported in Japan. The main sources of national tax revenue were consumption tax, income tax, and corporation tax. Taxes and other government revenue Taxes are the main source of income for the government. They are collected to finance public services, infrastructure, and other government spending. Taxes accounted for around 62 percent of the government’s general account revenue. However, expenditure has exceeded the revenue from tax and other income sources for the past decades. To make up for fiscal deficits, government expenditure is partly financed by debt, such as special deficit-financing bonds and construction bonds. Local governments Taxes in Japan are levied by the central government and local governments. On the local level, taxes are collected on both, the prefectural and municipal level. Total tax revenue in Japan amounted to 122 trillion yen in fiscal 2023. The national tax revenue share in this was roughly 63 percent in the fiscal year 2022. At the same time, local government expenditure made up 56 percent of the total government expenditure in Japan. This is why a part of the national tax revenue is allocated to local governments, in the form of local allocation taxes, local transfer taxes, and special grants to local governments.

According to a survey conducted in Japan from July to October 2019, around 42.7 percent of hospitals stated that they experienced a deficit in operating income in fiscal year 2018. A slightly higher share of about 43.1 percent of hospitals experienced a deficit in fiscal 2017. In the same survey, roughly 55.3 percent of hospitals stated that they experienced a loss of income from medical practice in fiscal 2018.

Japan JP: Net Incurrence of Liabilities: Total data was reported at 22,224,100.000 JPY mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 12,981,200.000 JPY mn for 2016. Japan JP: Net Incurrence of Liabilities: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 31,391,550.000 JPY mn from Mar 1992 (Median) to 2017, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 69,666,200.000 JPY mn in 2004 and a record low of -7,759,000.000 JPY mn in 1992. Japan JP: Net Incurrence of Liabilities: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.World Bank: Government Revenue, Expenditure and Finance. Net incurrence of government liabilities includes foreign financing (obtained from nonresidents) and domestic financing (obtained from residents), or the means by which a government provides financial resources to cover a budget deficit or allocates financial resources arising from a budget surplus. The net incurrence of liabilities should be offset by the net acquisition of financial assets.; ; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files.; ;

Key information about Japan National Government Debt

• Japan National Government Debt reached 9,396.6 USD bn in Apr 2023, compared with 9,570.6 USD bn in the previous month.
• Japan National Government Debt data is updated monthly, available from Apr 1982 to Apr 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 12,619.3 USD bn in Sep 2012 and a record low of 422.2 USD bn in Oct 1982.

CEIC converts monthly Government Debt into USD. The Bank of Japan provides Government Debt in local currency. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Government Debt covers Central Government only.


Related information about Japan National Government Debt

• In the latest reports, Japan Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 6.2 % of its Nominal GDP in Mar 2024.
• The country's Government debt accounted for 226.1 % of its Nominal GDP in Mar 2023.
• Japan Nominal GDP reached 1,080.1 USD bn in Mar 2023.

In the fiscal year 2023, the government issued special deficit-financing bonds worth **** trillion Japanese yen. The total value of bonds issued to finance government expenditure reached ** trillion yen. The government had a bond dependency ratio of **** percent in the same year.