Building materials made of steel, copper and other metals had some of the highest price growth rates in the U.S. in early 2025 in comparison to the previous year. The growth rate of the cost of several construction materials was slightly lower than in late 2024. It is important to note, though, that the figures provided are Producer Price Indices, which cover production within the United States, but do not include imports or tariffs. This might matter for lumber, as Canada's wood production is normally large enough that the U.S. can import it from its neighboring country. Construction material prices in the United Kingdom Similarly to these trends in the U.S., at that time the price growth rate of construction materials in the UK were generally lower 2024 than in 2023. Nevertheless, the cost of some construction materials in the UK still rose that year, with several of those items reaching price growth rates of over **** percent. Considering that those materials make up a very big share of the costs incurred for a construction project, those developments may also have affected the average construction output price in the UK. Construction material shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic During the first years of the COVID-19 pandemic, there often were supply problems and material shortages, which created instability in the construction market. According to a survey among construction contractors, the construction materials most affected by shortages in the U.S. during most of 2021 were steel and lumber. This was also a problem on the other side of the Atlantic: The share of building construction companies experiencing shortages in Germany soared between March and June 2021, staying at high levels for over a year. Meanwhile, the shortage of material or equipment was one of the main factors limiting the building activity in France in June 2022.
The production price index (PPI) for construction materials and components in the United States decreased slightly in 2024. Up until 2020, construction prices had been rising fairly steadily. However, in the years after that construction producer prices have been very unstable. Production price index A PPI of *** in 2022, indicates that the real-world price has risen by *** percent in comparison to the base year - 1982 in this case. Similarly, under the same baseline, the PPI for construction machinery and equipment has also risen steadily until 2018. Like all prices, there are regional differences within the United States. The PPI acts as a measurement for the average changes in prices that domestic producers receive for their output. In the United States, the PPI is one of the oldest continuous statistical datasets published by the government. Common construction materials Some building materials are essential to construction work, and the decision on which to use is important for the life and the endurance of the building. Materials such as cement, steel, and sand are essential to many construction projects. The production of cement is tightly linked to the demand that comes from the construction industry. The durability and potency of steel gives it an advantage over wood and concrete, providing buildings with a higher resistance but a cheaper price tag. Sand is commonly used in buildings, but it is especially common in roads that require stones of various grades and granulation.
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Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Industry: Building Material and Supplies Dealers (PCU44414441) from Dec 2003 to May 2025 about dealers, materials, supplies, buildings, PPI, industry, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.
The prices of many construction materials in the United Kingdom kept increasing in 2024, but more moderately than in previous years. There were also several building materials whose prices fell that year. One of the most extreme examples was the price of flexible plastic pipes and fittings, which rose by over ** percent that year. The price of a couple steel products fell by over ** percent that year. In late 2024, copper-based products were among the building materials with the highest price increases in the U.S.
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Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Commodity: Special Indexes: Construction Materials (WPUSI012011) from Jan 1947 to May 2025 about materials, construction, commodities, PPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.
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China Purchasing Price Index: Building Material data was reported at 94.300 Prev Year=100 in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 94.100 Prev Year=100 for 2023. China Purchasing Price Index: Building Material data is updated yearly, averaging 102.600 Prev Year=100 from Dec 1986 (Median) to 2024, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 140.900 Prev Year=100 in 1993 and a record low of 94.100 Prev Year=100 in 2023. China Purchasing Price Index: Building Material data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Inflation – Table CN.IE: Purchasing Price Index.
In the fiscal year 2024, the price index for building construction materials in Japan stood at 141.8 index points. After rising significantly in 2021 and 2022, prices for building materials declined in 2023 and 2024.
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China Producer Price Index: Building Material data was reported at 97.600 Prev Year=100 in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 92.500 Prev Year=100 for 2023. China Producer Price Index: Building Material data is updated yearly, averaging 102.100 Prev Year=100 from Dec 1979 (Median) to 2024, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 142.800 Prev Year=100 in 1993 and a record low of 92.500 Prev Year=100 in 2023. China Producer Price Index: Building Material data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Inflation – Table CN.IE: Producer Price Index.
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Building construction price indexes (BCPI) by type of building and construction division. Quarterly data are available from the first quarter of 1981. The table presents data for the most recent reference period and the last four periods. The base period for the index is (2017=100).
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According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Construction Materials market size will be USD 1421542.2 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.00% from 2024 to 2031.
North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 568616.88 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 426462.66 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 326954.71 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.00% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 71077.11 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 28430.84 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.7% from 2024 to 2031.
The Aggregates is the fastest growing segment of the Construction Materials industry
Market Dynamics of Construction Materials Market
Key Drivers for Construction Materials Market
Urbanization and Infrastructure Development to Boost Market Growth
The speedy urbanization in growing countries is fueling massive growth in production sports, driving the call for key materials along with cement, metal, sand, gravel, and wood. As cities enlarge and infrastructure tasks increase, the need for these creation substances rises sharply. This surge is not most effective in reshaping urban landscapes but additionally impacts international markets, creating possibilities for providers and producers inside the creation sector. The non-stop boom in city populations and the rush for modern-day infrastructure underscore the crucial function these substances play in supporting sustainable development and meeting the infrastructure needs of increasing urban regions. For instance, In Heiligenhaus, North Rhine-Westphalia, HOCHTIEF and infrastructure investor Palladio Partners collaborated to construct and run a sustainable data center. They agreed to a contract for the brand-new, cutting-edge YEXIO facility in the university town's Innovation Park.
Infrastructure Projects to Drive Market Growth
Governments globally are heavily investing in infrastructure tasks, which include roads, bridges, railways, and airports, to decorate connectivity and assist financial growth. These formidable projects necessitate massive volumes of production substances consisting of cement, metal, asphalt, and aggregates. The elevated demand for these substances drives an increase in the creation area and stimulates associated industries. This funding in infrastructure now not handiest aims to modernize current facilities but also to deal with destiny needs, enhance public offerings, and foster economic improvement, highlighting the crucial role of strong and nicely-supplied construction cloth markets in achieving those goals.
Restraint Factor for the Construction Materials Market
Fluctuating Commodity Prices, will Limit Market Growth
Commodity charges for creation materials like cement, metallic, and wood regularly experience significant fluctuations because of global delivery and demand dynamics, monetary situations, and geopolitical activities. This volatility introduces uncertainty into construction tasks, probably affecting budgeting and profitability. Variations in fabric costs can lead to assignment delays, extended charges, and challenges in maintaining monetary balance. Contractors and builders need to navigate those uncertainties carefully, employing strategies that include cost forecasting and supply chain control to mitigate the effect of fee swings and make sure that a success final touch of creation tasks inside budget.
Impact of Covid-19 on the Construction Materials Market
The COVID-19 pandemic extensively impacted the development substances marketplace, causing disruptions in delivery chains, delays in production, and accelerated costs. Lockdowns and regulations led to a scarcity of labor and raw substances, while venture delays and cancellations affected demand. Supply chain disruptions led to fluctuating costs and multiplied expenses f...
Advanced Building Materials Market Size 2025-2029
The advanced building materials market size is forecast to increase by USD 16.21 billion at a CAGR of 4.7% between 2024 and 2029.
Advanced building materials continue to gain traction in the construction industry due to several key trends. The rise in the number of smart cities is driving the demand for advanced building materials such as smart glass, solar panels, and digital technologies for energy efficiency and sustainability. Additionally, there is a growing preference for eco-friendly and recycled materials, including insulation, sealants, and greenhouse gases-absorbing concrete. Uncertain macroeconomic conditions have also led to an increased focus on cost-effective and durable construction materials such as Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs), ready-mix concrete, and steel. Furthermore, the trend towards green buildings and energy-efficient residential real estate is expected to continue, with a focus on reducing carbon footprints and improving indoor air quality. Boron-based materials, such as boron nitride nanotubes, are also gaining attention for their potential to enhance the properties of cement and roofing materials. Overall, the market in the US is poised for significant growth, driven by these trends and the need for sustainable, cost-effective, and energy-efficient solutions.
What will be the Size of the Advanced Building Materials Market During the Forecast Period?
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The market encompasses a broad range of innovative and high-performance materials that are transforming the construction industry. These materials, which include cross-laminated timber, structural insulated panels, sealants, ready-mix concrete, precast products and elements, Ondura, advanced cement, and various green materials, are driving the sector's growth through their ability to reduce construction time, enhance energy efficiency, and offer cost-effective solutions. The market's size is significant, with continued expansion expected due to the global focus on decarbonization and the circular economy. Key trends include the increasing adoption of green materials, such as those derived from renewable sources, and the integration of smart technologies into building materials.
Traditional construction materials, such as cement and concrete, are also undergoing advancements to improve their sustainability and performance. Energy-efficient buildings and infrastructure are major applications for these advanced materials, with high-performance windows, insulation materials, and smart glass playing crucial roles. Companies are at the forefront of this innovation, developing and implementing new materials and technologies to meet the evolving needs of the construction industry.
How is this Advanced Building Materials Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?
The advanced building materials industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.
Type
ACC
Cross-laminated timber
Sealants
Structural insulated panel
Others
End-user
Commercial
Industrial
Residential
Product Type
Green materials
Composite materials
Smart materials
Nanomaterials
Geography
APAC
China
India
Japan
Europe
Germany
UK
France
Italy
North America
Canada
US
Middle East and Africa
South America
Brazil
By Type Insights
The ACC segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.
The advanced cement and concrete market is experiencing significant innovations, transforming the construction industry with materials offering superior durability, strength, and environmental benefits. Technologies such as photocatalytic cement, self-healing concrete, and high-performance additives are gaining popularity. Governments and organizations worldwide support the adoption of modern cement and concrete to reduce carbon emissions and enhance infrastructure durability. Notable advancements include Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC), which provides exceptional strength and longevity, reducing the need for bulky reinforcements and lowering maintenance costs. Cross-laminated timber, structural insulated panels, insulated concrete forms, energy-efficient windows, engineered lumber, and other green materials are also revolutionizing the building construction sector.
Companies are at the forefront of these innovations, focusing on sustainable construction practices and decarbonization. Infrastructure projects and urbanization in sectors such as residential, commercial, and infrastructure benefit from these high-performance materials, which offer energy efficiency, soundproofing, moisture resistance, and resi
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This table contains monthly figures on the input price index of new dwellings; input price indices building costs to monitor the costs of new dwellings (labour and materials) in the Netherlands. An input price index is determined on the basis of price changes of the various cost components making up the product - in this case a new dwelling. Changes in the prices of building equipment (tools and machinery), general costs, profit and risk are not included in the input price index. Other cost components, such as energy and transport, are also not taken into account as their influence on the final cost price is relatively modest. Land costs are also not included in the index. Data available from: January 2012 to December 2023 Status of the figures: The figures of the wages and total building costs are definite up to and including the year 2022. The figures of the building materials are definite up to and including six months from the most recent reported month. The data for 2023 is provisional. Since this table has been discontinued, the data is no longer finalized. Changes as of February 29, 2024 The index number series in this table use 2015 as the reference year (2015=100). To ensure that the results of the index series are more in line with current events, a so-called base shift is implemented once every five years. Due to the implementation of FRIBS (Framework Regulation Integrating Business Statistics) in 2021, this time the base shift is postponed by one year to 2021=100. The subsequent base shift will return to a regular year, namely 2025=100. Upon the publication of the reporting period of January 2024, such a base shift will occur, and the reference year will be switched to 2021 (2021=100). The index series with the reference 2021=100 will be published in new StatLine tables. This table will be discontinued from that moment and will no longer be updated. However, it will remain available in the archive. The new tables for 2021=100 will commence with the reporting month of January 2018. Changes as of March 11, 2024 This table has been discontinued. This table is followed by New dwellings; input price indices building costs 2021=100. See paragraph 3.
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North America Construction Materials market size will be USD 568616.88 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.2% from 2024 to 2031. North America has emerged as a prominent participant, and its sales revenue is estimated to reach USD 722071.9 Million by 2031. This growth is mainly attributed to the Infrastructure renewal and residential construction growth.
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The global construction materials market size was USD 1,320.01 Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 1,867.16 Billion by 2032, expanding at a CAGR of 3.9% during 2024–2032. The market growth is attributed to the increasing urbanization and industrialization across the globe.
Growing urbanization and industrialization are expected to boost the market during the assessment years. Cities expand and industries grow and the demand for construction materials increases significantly. This is due to the need for infrastructure development, including residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Furthermore, industrialization leads to technological advancements in construction materials, enhancing their quality, durability, and sustainability.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) significantly impacts the construction materials market by enhancing efficiency, reducing costs, and improving safety measures. AI-powered tools and software enable the industry to optimize the use of construction materials, thereby minimizing waste and reducing environmental impact.
AI algorithms accurately predict the quantity of materials required for a project, eliminating the guesswork and reducing over-ordering. AI contributes to cost reduction by automating routine tasks, such as inventory management and quality control, which traditionally require human intervention. This automation saves time and reduces the risk of human error.
In terms of safety, AI technologies, such as machine learning and computer vision, help identify potential hazards at construction sites, thereby preventing accidents and ensuring the well-being of workers. Therefore, the integration of AI in the market offers substantial benefits, transforming the way the industry operates and paving the way for sustainable and efficient construction practices.
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Indonesia Wholesale Price Index: Construction Materials: Commodities: Bricks data was reported at 99.940 2023=100 in Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 99.840 2023=100 for Mar 2025. Indonesia Wholesale Price Index: Construction Materials: Commodities: Bricks data is updated monthly, averaging 99.890 2023=100 from Feb 2024 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 100.270 2023=100 in Mar 2024 and a record low of 98.910 2023=100 in Feb 2025. Indonesia Wholesale Price Index: Construction Materials: Commodities: Bricks data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics Indonesia. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table ID.IB007: Wholesale Price Index: by Sector: Construction Materials.
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Lightweight Construction Material Market size was valued at USD 142.5 Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 223.11 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 6.7% during the forecast period 2024-2030.
Global Lightweight Construction Material Market Drivers
The market drivers for the Lightweight Construction Material Market can be influenced by various factors. These may include:
Energy Efficiency and Sustainability: It is frequently more energy-efficient to create, transport, and use lightweight materials in building. The need for materials that support green construction techniques is rising as sustainability and energy efficiency become more and more important considerations.
Tighter construction Codes and Regulations: To improve the safety and environmental performance of structures, several regions have established or are proposing tighter construction codes and regulations. Advanced composites and engineered wood products are examples of lightweight building materials that frequently fulfil these needs while also providing further advantages like enhanced seismic performance.
Growing Urbanisation: As a result of the worldwide urbanisation trend, there is a greater need for building supplies that facilitate quicker and more affordable construction projects. Lightweight materials can save project costs overall and frequently enable faster building periods.
Growth of the Transportation Industry: In the automotive and aerospace sectors, lightweight materials are essential for lowering emissions and improving fuel economy. Lightweight building materials are becoming more and more necessary as these sectors expand in order to preserve efficiency and consistency in design.
Developments in Material Science and Technology: New lightweight building materials with enhanced strength, durability, and insulating qualities have been created as a result of ongoing advances in material science and technology. The industry is expanding because to advancements in materials such as lightweight concrete, aerogels, and high-performance polymers.
Cost Savings: Because lightweight materials weigh less, they can typically result in lower transportation, handling, and installation expenses, even though they may initially cost more. The use of lightweight building materials is greatly influenced by this financial benefit.
Demand in End-use Industries: End-use industries including residential and commercial building as well as infrastructure development have an impact on the demand for lightweight materials. The need for materials that provide advantages in terms of both performance and weight is increasing along with these areas.
Emphasis on Seismic Resistance: Because lightweight materials can absorb and dissipate seismic forces more effectively than traditional construction materials, they are frequently used in areas that are prone to seismic activity.
The prices of most construction materials in Mexico increased from January to October 2024. Ready-mixed concrete increased its cost by over 8.6 percent from 2023 to the first 10 months of 2024. Meanwhile, the price of wire products decreased by **** percent during that period. Building material costs in the United States followed a similar trend that year.
According to our latest research, the global green building materials market size stood at USD 325.7 billion in 2024, supported by a robust annual growth trajectory. The market has been expanding at a CAGR of 10.2%, and is forecasted to reach USD 767.3 billion by 2033. This substantial growth is primarily attributed to rising environmental awareness, stringent government regulations, and increasing demand for energy-efficient and sustainable construction solutions worldwide. As per our latest research, the strong focus on reducing carbon footprints and promoting eco-friendly infrastructure is acting as a key catalyst for the market’s expansion.
One of the most significant growth factors driving the green building materials market is the global shift towards sustainable construction practices. Across both developed and developing economies, governments and regulatory bodies are enacting strict building codes and offering incentives to encourage the use of eco-friendly materials. These regulatory frameworks are designed to minimize environmental impact, conserve natural resources, and improve indoor air quality. The proliferation of green certification programs such as LEED, BREEAM, and IGBC is further stimulating market demand. Builders and developers are increasingly adopting green building materials to comply with these standards, reduce lifecycle costs, and meet the growing consumer preference for sustainable living and working spaces.
Another major driver is the increasing awareness among consumers, architects, and builders about the long-term economic and health benefits of green buildings. Green building materials, such as recycled steel, bamboo, reclaimed wood, and low-VOC paints, are not only environmentally friendly but also contribute to enhanced energy efficiency, reduced utility bills, and improved occupant well-being. The growing body of research linking green buildings to higher productivity, lower absenteeism, and better health outcomes is encouraging the adoption of these materials in both residential and commercial sectors. Furthermore, the demand for smart and energy-efficient buildings, equipped with advanced insulation, solar products, and efficient HVAC systems, is creating new opportunities for market expansion.
Technological advancements and innovation in material science are also propelling the green building materials market forward. The development of new, high-performance materials with improved durability, recyclability, and energy efficiency is enabling builders to construct structures that are not only sustainable but also cost-effective over their lifecycle. Innovations such as phase-changing materials, aerogels, and bio-based composites are gaining traction, offering superior thermal insulation and reduced environmental impact. The integration of digital technologies and Building Information Modeling (BIM) is further optimizing the selection and use of green materials, streamlining construction processes, and reducing material wastage.
From a regional perspective, the Asia Pacific region is emerging as a dominant force in the green building materials market, driven by rapid urbanization, government initiatives, and large-scale infrastructure development. Countries like China, India, and Japan are witnessing a surge in green construction activities, supported by favorable policies and growing investor interest. North America and Europe continue to lead in terms of market maturity, with well-established green building standards and a high adoption rate of sustainable materials. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually catching up, fueled by rising awareness and increasing foreign investments in sustainable infrastructure projects.
The green building materials market is segmented by product type into structural, exterior, interior, building systems, solar products, and others. Structural materials, such as recycled steel, engineered wood, and sustainable concrete, form the backbone of eco-friendly construc
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The index relates to costs ruling on the first day of each month. NATIONAL HOUSE CONSTRUCTION COST INDEX; Up until October 2006 it was known as the National House Building Index Oct 2000 data; The index since October, 2000, includes the first phase of an agreement following a review of rates of pay and grading structures for the Construction Industry and the first phase increase under the PPF. April, May and June 2001; Figures revised in July 2001due to 2% PPF Revised Terms. March 2002; The drop in the March 2002 figure is due to a decrease in the rate of PRSI from 12% to 10¾% with effect from 1 March 2002. The index from April 2002 excludes the one-off lump sum payment equal to 1% of basic pay on 1 April 2002 under the PPF. April, May, June 2003; Figures revised in August'03 due to the backdated increase of 3% from 1April 2003 under the National Partnership Agreement 'Sustaining Progress'. The increases in April and October 2006 index are due to Social Partnership Agreement "Towards 2016". March 2011; The drop in the March 2011 figure is due to a 7.5% decrease in labour costs. Methodology in producing the Index Prior to October 2006: The index relates solely to labour and material costs which should normally not exceed 65% of the total price of a house. It does not include items such as overheads, profit, interest charges, land development etc. The House Building Cost Index monitors labour costs in the construction industry and the cost of building materials. It does not include items such as overheads, profit, interest charges or land development. The labour costs include insurance cover and the building material costs include V.A.T. Coverage: The type of construction covered is a typical 3 bed-roomed, 2 level local authority house and the index is applied on a national basis. Data Collection: The labour costs are based on agreed labour rates, allowances etc. The building material prices are collected at the beginning of each month from the same suppliers for the same representative basket. Calculation: Labour and material costs for the construction of a typical 3 bed-roomed house are weighted together to produce the index. Post October 2006: The name change from the House Building Cost Index to the House Construction Cost Index was introduced in October 2006 when the method of assessing the materials sub-index was changed from pricing a basket of materials (representative of a typical 2 storey 3 bedroomed local authority house) to the CSO Table 3 Wholesale Price Index. The new Index does maintains continuity with the old HBCI. The most current data is published on these sheets. Previously published data may be subject to revision. Any change from the originally published data will be highlighted by a comment on the cell in question. These comments will be maintained for at least a year after the date of the value change. Oct 2008 data; Decrease due to a fall in the Oct Wholesale Price Index.
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The historical series 'New dwellings; input price indices of building costs 2000 = 100, from 1990' shows the development of the costs (wages and materials) involved in building new dwellings in the Netherlands, and has become available by linking series which were calculated separately in the past. An input price index is based on price changes in several cost components involved in realising a product, in this case a new dwelling. Changes in other cost components such as building equipment (tools and machines), general costs, profits and risk are not included in the index. Other cost components, such as energy and transport, are also not taken into account as their influence on the final cost price is relatively modest. Land costs are also not included in the index.
From 1990 to December 1994 only figures of the materials are available. From 1995 onwards this series also includes wage figures. Also from 1995, figures are also available on total building costs by weighted aggregetion of these two series.
Data available from: - Materials: January 1990 - Wages: January 1995 - Total building costs: January 1995
Status of the figures: The price index figures for wages and the total construction costs are final until 2024. The figures for building materials are final until November 2024.
Changes as of November 29th, 2024: Since this publication, a switch has been made to a different rounding strategy, whereby the changes are calculated on unrounded index figures and annual figures are calculated from rounded and published figures. With this switch there is more consistency with other statistics on Statline and statistics from Eurostat. As a result, mutations have changed across the entire series.
Changes as of May 28th, 2025: Figures of April 2025 have been added.
When will new figures be published? New figures are published about 30 days after the month under review.
Building materials made of steel, copper and other metals had some of the highest price growth rates in the U.S. in early 2025 in comparison to the previous year. The growth rate of the cost of several construction materials was slightly lower than in late 2024. It is important to note, though, that the figures provided are Producer Price Indices, which cover production within the United States, but do not include imports or tariffs. This might matter for lumber, as Canada's wood production is normally large enough that the U.S. can import it from its neighboring country. Construction material prices in the United Kingdom Similarly to these trends in the U.S., at that time the price growth rate of construction materials in the UK were generally lower 2024 than in 2023. Nevertheless, the cost of some construction materials in the UK still rose that year, with several of those items reaching price growth rates of over **** percent. Considering that those materials make up a very big share of the costs incurred for a construction project, those developments may also have affected the average construction output price in the UK. Construction material shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic During the first years of the COVID-19 pandemic, there often were supply problems and material shortages, which created instability in the construction market. According to a survey among construction contractors, the construction materials most affected by shortages in the U.S. during most of 2021 were steel and lumber. This was also a problem on the other side of the Atlantic: The share of building construction companies experiencing shortages in Germany soared between March and June 2021, staying at high levels for over a year. Meanwhile, the shortage of material or equipment was one of the main factors limiting the building activity in France in June 2022.