In July 2024, global industrial production, excluding the United States, increased by 1.5 percent compared to the same time in the previous year, based on three month moving averages. This is compared to an increase of 0.2 percent in advanced economies (excluding the United States) for the same time period. The global industrial production collapsed after the outbreak of COVID-19, but increased steadily in the months after, peaking at 23 percent in June 2021. Industrial growth rate tracks the output production in the industrial sector.

In July 2024, the merchandise exports index worldwide, excluding the U.S., stood at 204.8. This is compared to an index value of 143 for the United States in the same month. The index was highest in emerging economies, reaching an index score of 353. Moreover, the merchandise imports index was also highest in emerging economies. The merchandise exports index is the U.S. dollar value of goods sold to the rest of the world, deflated by the U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The main stock market index of United States, the US500, fell to 6399 points on August 20, 2025, losing 0.20% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 1.47% and is up 13.84% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from United States. United States Stock Market Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

Revenue is projected to climb at a compound annual rate of 1.6% to £48.9 billion over the five years through 2024-25. Recent economic headwinds, including severe inflationary pressures and geopolitical tensions, have taken a hit on consumer spending and business activity, which has limited industry growth. However, the industry is countercyclical, meaning that demand for legal work in certain areas, including litigation and insolvency matters, grows in times of economic downturn. The largest firms have responded to the challenges posed by weaker business activity in the UK by expanding internationally, engaging in M&A initiatives and broadening their services to compete with accounting firms. The introduction of legislation allowing non-legal entities to own legal firms through alternative business structures has created significant price-driven competition. Pressure on fees has encouraged firms to enhance efficiency and cut costs. Law firms have increasingly invested in technology that reduces human error and speeds up routine work, increasing the time employees have to engage in more valuable activities. Following strong growth in 2021-22 as the economy recovered from the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak, an adverse economic climate weakened industry performance over the two years through 2023-24. Soaring inflation, steep borrowing costs and geopolitical tensions eroded business confidence and restricted business spending, with M&A activity taking a hit. Residential property transactions also dropped amid squeezed consumer finances and high mortgage rates. However, revenue is estimated to climb by 3% in 2024-25 thanks to improving economic conditions, with inflation subsiding and interest rate cuts boosting business confidence and expansionary activity. Competitive pressures and the war for talent have weighed on profit. Amid growing costs, larger firms have hiked their fees to support revenue and profit. Over the five years through 2029-30, revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 2.8% to £56.2 billion. A more positive economic climate will drive business activity, including deal-making and IPOs, hiking demand for corporate law. The housing market is also set to expand, fuelling property law demand, while more and more organisations will seek legal advice on sustainability matters. Consolidation activity will take place as firms seek to find avenues for growth. The pace of technological advancement will quicken, with more firms attempting to enhance the efficiency of their services using artificial intelligence, blockchain and smart contracts. This will help support profit growth, though the war for talent shows no sign of slowing down.

NY Empire State Manufacturing Index in the United States increased to 11.90 points in August from 5.50 points in July of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States NY Empire State Manufacturing Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

In 2020, global gross domestic product declined by 6.7 percent as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak. In Latin America, overall GDP loss amounted to 8.5 percent.

Brazilian and Indian share prices became the highest performing of the major developed and emerging economies as of June 2023, with index values of 235.25 and 230.91 respectively in that month. Conversely, the lowest-performing were China and the Germany, both with index values of 86.98 and 113.04 respectively at this time. The index value is calculated with 2015 values as the baseline (i.e. 2015 = 100).

The benchmark interest rate In the Euro Area was last recorded at 2.15 percent. This dataset provides - Euro Area Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

By the middle of the 1990s, Indonesia had enjoyed over three decades of remarkable social, economic, and demographic change and was on the cusp of joining the middle-income countries. Per capita income had risen more than fifteenfold since the early 1960s, from around US$50 to more than US$800. Increases in educational attainment and decreases in fertility and infant mortality over the same period reflected impressive investments in infrastructure. In the late 1990s the economic outlook began to change as Indonesia was gripped by the economic crisis that affected much of Asia. In 1998 the rupiah collapsed, the economy went into a tailspin, and gross domestic product contracted by an estimated 12-15%-a decline rivaling the magnitude of the Great Depression. The general trend of several decades of economic progress followed by a few years of economic downturn masks considerable variation across the archipelago in the degree both of economic development and of economic setbacks related to the crisis. In part this heterogeneity reflects the great cultural and ethnic diversity of Indonesia, which in turn makes it a rich laboratory for research on a number of individual- and household-level behaviors and outcomes that interest social scientists. The Indonesia Family Life Survey is designed to provide data for studying behaviors and outcomes. The survey contains a wealth of information collected at the individual and household levels, including multiple indicators of economic and non-economic well-being: consumption, income, assets, education, migration, labor market outcomes, marriage, fertility, contraceptive use, health status, use of health care and health insurance, relationships among co-resident and non- resident family members, processes underlying household decision-making, transfers among family members and participation in community activities. In addition to individual- and household-level information, the IFLS provides detailed information from the communities in which IFLS households are located and from the facilities that serve residents of those communities. These data cover aspects of the physical and social environment, infrastructure, employment opportunities, food prices, access to health and educational facilities, and the quality and prices of services available at those facilities. By linking data from IFLS households to data from their communities, users can address many important questions regarding the impact of policies on the lives of the respondents, as well as document the effects of social, economic, and environmental change on the population. The Indonesia Family Life Survey complements and extends the existing survey data available for Indonesia, and for developing countries in general, in a number of ways. First, relatively few large-scale longitudinal surveys are available for developing countries. IFLS is the only large-scale longitudinal survey available for Indonesia. Because data are available for the same individuals from multiple points in time, IFLS affords an opportunity to understand the dynamics of behavior, at the individual, household and family and community levels. In IFLS1 7,224 households were interviewed, and detailed individual-level data were collected from over 22,000 individuals. In IFLS2, 94.4% of IFLS1 households were re-contacted (interviewed or died). In IFLS3 the re-contact rate was 95.3% of IFLS1 households. Indeed nearly 91% of IFLS1 households are complete panel households in that they were interviewed in all three waves, IFLS1, 2 and 3. These re-contact rates are as high as or higher than most longitudinal surveys in the United States and Europe. High re-interview rates were obtained in part because we were committed to tracking and interviewing individuals who had moved or split off from the origin IFLS1 households. High re-interview rates contribute significantly to data quality in a longitudinal survey because they lessen the risk of bias due to nonrandom attrition in studies using the data. Second, the multipurpose nature of IFLS instruments means that the data support analyses of interrelated issues not possible with single-purpose surveys. For example, the availability of data on household consumption together with detailed individual data on labor market outcomes, health outcomes and on health program availability and quality at the community level means that one can examine the impact of income on health outcomes, but also whether health in turn affects incomes. Third, IFLS collected both current and retrospective information on most topics. With data from multiple points of time on current status and an extensive array of retrospective information about the lives of respondents, analysts can relate dynamics to events that occurred in the past. For example, changes in labor outcomes in recent years can be explored as a function of earlier decisions about schooling and work. Fourth, IFLS collected extensive measures of health status, including self-reported measures of general health status, morbidity experience, and physical assessments conducted by a nurse (height, weight, head circumference, blood pressure, pulse, waist and hip circumference, hemoglobin level, lung capacity, and time required to repeatedly rise from a sitting position). These data provide a much richer picture of health status than is typically available in household surveys. For example, the data can be used to explore relationships between socioeconomic status and an array of health outcomes. Fifth, in all waves of the survey, detailed data were collected about respondents¹ communities and public and private facilities available for their health care and schooling. The facility data can be combined with household and individual data to examine the relationship between, for example, access to health services (or changes in access) and various aspects of health care use and health status. Sixth, because the waves of IFLS span the period from several years before the economic crisis hit Indonesia, to just prior to it hitting, to one year and then three years after, extensive research can be carried out regarding the living conditions of Indonesian households during this very tumultuous period. In sum, the breadth and depth of the longitudinal information on individuals, households, communities, and facilities make IFLS data a unique resource for scholars and policymakers interested in the processes of economic development.

Journal of Finance Acceptance Rate - ResearchHelpDesk - The Journal of Finance publishes leading research across all the major fields of financial research. It is the most widely cited academic journal on finance. Each issue of the journal reaches over 8,000 academics, finance professionals, libraries, government, and financial institutions around the world. Published six times a year, the journal is the official publication of The American Finance Association, the premier academic organization devoted to the study and promotion of knowledge about financial economics. Aims and Scope The Journal of Finance publishes leading research across all the major fields of financial research. It is one of the most widely cited academic journals on finance and one of the most widely cited journals in all of economics as well. Each issue of the journal reaches over 8,000 academics, finance professionals, libraries, government, and financial institutions around the world. Published six times a year, the journal is the official publication of The American Finance Association, the premier academic organization devoted to the study and promotion of knowledge about financial economics. Keywords finance, journal, American, association, AFA, financial, economics, theory, markets, international, exchange, derivatives, trading, structures, journal, article, periodical, analysis, research, modeling, macroeconomics, policy Society Information The American Finance Association (AFA) is the premier academic organization devoted to the study and promotion of knowledge about financial economics. The purpose of the Association is to provide for the mutual association of persons with an interest in finance to improve public understanding of financial problems, and to provide for the exchange of financial ideas through the distribution of a periodical and other media; to encourage the study of finance in colleges and universities; to conduct such other activities as may be appropriate for a non-profit, professional society in the field of finance. The AFA was planned at a meeting in December 1939 in Philadelphia. The Journal of Finance was first published in August 1946 when dues were $3 a year. Association membership has grown steadily over time. Today the AFA has over 8,000 members and dues are $40 a year. The AFA sponsors an annual meeting each January where the President speaks on a chosen topic and papers which cover the gamut of financial topics are presented. The current President of the Association is René Stulz of Ohio State University. David Pyle of the University of California, Berkeley serves as Executive Secretary and Treasurer. The Association has a board that rotates over time and assists in key decisions. Abstracting and Indexing Information ABI/INFORM Collection (ProQuest) Accounting, Tax & Banking Collection (ProQuest) Business Abstracts (EBSCO Publishing) Business ASAP (GALE Cengage) Business Premium Collection (ProQuest) CatchWord (Publishing Technology) Current Contents: Social & Behavioral Sciences (Clarivate Analytics) Current Index to Statistics (ASA/IMS) EBSCO Online (EBSCO Publishing) EconLit (AEA) Emerald Management Reviews (Emerald) InfoTrac (GALE Cengage) Journal Citation Reports/Social Science Edition (Clarivate Analytics) OmniFile Full Text Mega Edition (HW Wilson) Periodical Index Online (ProQuest) Proquest Business Collection (ProQuest) ProQuest Central (ProQuest) ProQuest Central K-321 ProQuest Politics Collection (ProQuest) ProQuest Sociology Collection (ProQuest) RePEc: Research Papers in Economics Research Library (ProQuest) Research Library Prep (ProQuest) Social Science Premium Collection (ProQuest) Social Sciences Citation Index (Clarivate Analytics) Journal of Finance Additional details - Scimago Country: United Kingdom H Index: 264 Subject Area and Category: Business, Management, and Accounting, Accounting, Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Economics and Econometrics, Finance Publication Type: Journals Coverage: 1946-ongoing

Gold rose to 3,340.84 USD/t.oz on August 20, 2025, up 0.71% from the previous day. Over the past month, Gold's price has fallen 1.71%, but it is still 32.96% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Gold - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Macau expanded 5.10 percent in the second quarter of 2025 over the same quarter of the previous year. This dataset provides - Macao GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In 2024, global retail e-commerce sales reached an estimated ************ U.S. dollars. Projections indicate a ** percent growth in this figure over the coming years, with expectations to come close to ************** dollars by 2028. World players Among the key players on the world stage, the American marketplace giant Amazon holds the title of the largest e-commerce player globally, with a gross merchandise value of nearly *********** U.S. dollars in 2024. Amazon was also the most valuable retail brand globally, followed by mostly American competitors such as Walmart and the Home Depot. Leading e-tailing regions E-commerce is a dormant channel globally, but nowhere has it been as successful as in Asia. In 2024, the e-commerce revenue in that continent alone was measured at nearly ************ U.S. dollars, outperforming the Americas and Europe. That year, the up-and-coming e-commerce markets also centered around Asia. The Philippines and India stood out as the swiftest-growing e-commerce markets based on online sales, anticipating a growth rate surpassing ** percent.

Consumer Confidence in the United States decreased to 58.60 points in August from 61.70 points in July of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Consumer Sentiment - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The statistic shows global gross domestic product (GDP) from 1985 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. In 2020, global GDP amounted to about 85.76 trillion U.S. dollars, two and a half trillion lower than in 2019. Gross domestic product Gross domestic product, also known as GDP, is the accumulated value of all finished goods and services produced in a country, often measured annually. GDP is significant in determining the economic health, growth and productivity in the country, and is a stat often used when comparing several countries at a time, most likely in order to determine which country has seen the most progress. Until 2020, Global GDP had experienced a growth every year since 2010. However, a strong growth rate does not necessarily lead to all positive outcomes and often has a negative effect on inflation rates. A severe growth in GDP leads to lower unemployment, however lower unemployment often leads to higher inflation rates due to demand increasing at a much higher rate than supply and as a result prices rise accordingly. In terms of unemployment, growth had been fairly stagnant since the economic downturn of 2007-2009, but it remains to be seen what the total impact of the coronavirus pandemic will be on total employment.

As of the first quarter of 2025, the GDP of the U.S. fell by 0.5 percent from the fourth quarter of 2024. GDP, or gross domestic product, is effectively a count of the total goods and services produced in a country over a certain period of time. It is calculated by first adding together a country’s total consumer spending, government spending, investments and exports; and then deducting the country’s imports. The values in this statistic are the change in ‘constant price’ or ‘real’ GDP, which means this basic calculation is also adjusted to factor in the regular price changes measured by the U.S. inflation rate. Because of this adjustment, U.S. real annual GDP will differ from the U.S. 'nominal' annual GDP for all years except the baseline from which inflation is calculated. What is annualized GDP? The important thing to note about the growth rates in this statistic is that the values are annualized, meaning the U.S. economy has not actually contracted or grown by the percentage shown. For example, the fall of 29.9 percent in the second quarter of 2020 did not mean GDP is suddenly one third less than a year before. In fact, it means that if the decline seen during that quarter continued at the same rate for a full year, then GDP would decline by this amount. Annualized values can therefore exaggerate the effect of short-term economic shocks, as they only look at economic output during a limited period. This effect can be seen by comparing annualized quarterly growth rates with the annual GDP growth rates for each calendar year.

Currently, China manufactures about ** percent of intermediate products traded in the global supply chain and Chinese products represent a critical part of the global value chain of the electrical machinery sector. For this reason, the disruption caused by COVID-19 in China alone is expected to reverberate on the economy of many other countries worldwide. In the European Union, the electrical machinery industry is expected to lose about *** billion U.S. dollars from a two percent reduction in China exports of intermediate inputs. The European chemical and automotive sector are also expected to suffer similar impacts.

China's role in the global economy Since the beginning of the 1990s, China started to open up its markets with attractive incentives to foreign investors. Three decades later, the country has become the second-largest economy in the world with the highest absolute catch-up effect observed during this time span. For instance, between 2003 and 2019, China's semiconductor consumption market share increased at a high pace, reaching ** percent in 2019. Besides, the export value of machine tools from China reached roughly **** billion U.S. dollars in 2018, up from *** billion U.S. dollars in 2009. With solid economic strategies, the country could quickly reduce the wealth gap with the developed countries. At the moment, the country is highly specialized in various industries and continues its progress to strengthen its international export position. China’s exports of high-tech goods represented ** percent of its total exports in 2018.

Impact of COVID-19 on the Chinese economy For the first time since the *****, the Chinese real gross domestic product (GDP) experienced a negative growth rate in the first quarter of 2020 because of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak. The economy is expected to grow only by *** percent in 2020. Yet over the past few years, the average annual real GDP growth rate in China was around ***** percent. To take a closer look at how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the Chinese economy, a multidimensional approach is necessary since the country has a vastly diversified economic activity. For instance, between January and February 2020, the total industrial production in China declined by **** percent compared to the previous year. But Chinese industrial production started to recover quickly. By April 2020, the total industrial production in China reached a positive year-on-year change, roughly *** percent. Although the country experienced a large economic shock caused by the coronavirus outbreak, it started to recover quickly thanks to strong economic policy responses. By the fourth quarter of 2020, the Chinese business and government purchases of technology goods and services are expected to grow by about ***** percent.

Government spending in the United States was last recorded at 39.7 percent of GDP in 2024 . This dataset provides - United States Government Spending To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

South Africa’s inflation has been quite stable for the past years, levelling off between 3.2 and 6.9 percent, and is in fact expected to stabilize at around 4.5 percent in the future. South Africa is a mixed economy, generating most of its GDP through the services sector, especially tourism. However, the country struggles with unemployment and poverty.

Inflation who?

The inflation rate of a country is an important key factor to determine the country’s economic strength. It is calculated using the price increase of a defined product basket, containing goods and services on which the average consumer spends money throughout the year. They include, for example, expenses for groceries, clothes, rent, utilities, but also recreational activities, and raw materials (e.g. gas, oil), as well as federal fees and taxes. Some of these goods are more volatile than others – food prices, for example, are considered less reliable. The European Central Bank aims to keep inflation at around two percent in the long run.

What happened in 2016?

In 2016, South Africa’s inflation rate peaked at over 6.3 percent, and gross domestic product, and thus economic growth , took a hit, a sure indicator that something was affecting the country’s economic scaffolding: Low growth due to weak demand and an uncertain political future caused a crisis; then-President Jacob Zuma’s alleged mismanagement and unstable reign steeped in controversy and criminal charges even caused the economy’s outlook to be downgraded by ratings agencies. Zuma was relieved of his office in 2018 – ever since, inflation, GDP, and economic growth seem to have stabilized.

Internet sales have played an increasingly significant role in retailing. In 2024, e-commerce accounted for over ** percent of retail sales worldwide. Forecasts indicate that by 2029, the online segment will make up close to over ** percent of total global retail sales. Retail e-commerce Online shopping has grown steadily in popularity in recent years. In 2024, global e-commerce sales amounted to over ************** U.S. dollars, a figure expected to exceed **** trillion U.S. dollars by 2028. Digital development in Latin America boomed during the COVID-19 pandemic, generating unprecedented e-commerce growth in various economies across the region. So much so that Brazil and Argentina appear to lead the world's fastest-growing online retail markets. This trend correlates strongly with the constantly improving online access, especially in "mobile-first" online communities, which have long struggled with traditioe-comernal fixed broadband connections due to financial or infrastructure constraints but enjoy the advantages of cheap mobile broadband connections. M-commerce on the rise The average order value of online shopping via smartphones and tablets still lags traditional e-commerce via desktop computers. However, e-retailers around the world have caught up in mobile e-commerce sales. Online shopping via smartphones is particularly prominent in Asia. By the end of 2021, Malaysia was the top digital market based on the percentage of the population that had purchased something by phone, with nearly ** percent having made a weekly mobile purchase. South Korea, Taiwan, and the Philippines completed the top of the ranking.