Inflation rates experienced by different groups of consumers within a country vary. This is because the prices of goods and services and the expenditure patterns of consumers differ. The published inflation rate is used for important decisions regarding the preservation of consumer purchasing power. These include the adjustment of social grants and minimum wages by government and the benchmarking of returns by investors when making investment decisions. It is thus vital that inflation is measured accurately to ensure the purchasing power of consumers is preserved. Current measures of inflation published by Stats SA are applicable to typical consumers and are not relevant to each individual. This resource supplements a study that seeks to provide a publicly available model that can be used by consumers to calculate their personal rate of inflation.

In 2023, the U.S. Consumer Price Index was 309.42, and is projected to increase to 352.27 by 2029. The base period was 1982-84. The monthly CPI for all urban consumers in the U.S. can be accessed here. After a time of high inflation, the U.S. inflation rateis projected fall to two percent by 2027. United States Consumer Price Index ForecastIt is projected that the CPI will continue to rise year over year, reaching 325.6 in 2027. The Consumer Price Index of all urban consumers in previous years was lower, and has risen every year since 1992, except in 2009, when the CPI went from 215.30 in 2008 to 214.54 in 2009. The monthly unadjusted Consumer Price Index was 296.17 for the month of August in 2022. The U.S. CPI measures changes in the price of consumer goods and services purchased by households and is thought to reflect inflation in the U.S. as well as the health of the economy. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics calculates the CPI and defines it as, "a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services." The BLS records the price of thousands of goods and services month by month. They consider goods and services within eight main categories: food and beverage, housing, apparel, transportation, medical care, recreation, education, and other goods and services. They aggregate the data collected in order to compare how much it would cost a consumer to buy the same market basket of goods and services within one month or one year compared with the previous month or year. Given that the CPI is used to calculate U.S. inflation, the CPI influences the annual adjustments of many financial institutions in the United States, both private and public. Wages, social security payments, and pensions are all affected by the CPI.

The tables presented in this file are a supplement to the article “CBS switches to new method for calculating energy prices in the CPI”, published on 30 June 2023. The article presents the results of the research carried out by Statistics Netherlands (CBS) in order to develop new energy prices for the Consumer price index (CPI).

Measures of monthly UK inflation data including CPIH, CPI and RPI. These tables complement the consumer price inflation time series dataset.

Graph and download economic data for Inflation, consumer prices for the United States (FPCPITOTLZGUSA) from 1960 to 2024 about consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

In 2024, the average annual inflation rate in China ranged at around 0.2 percent compared to the previous year. For 2025, projections by the IMF expect slightly negative inflation. The monthly inflation rate in China dropped to negative values in the first quarter of 2025. Calculation of inflation The inflation rate is calculated based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for China. The CPI is computed using a product basket that contains a predefined range of products and services on which the average consumer spends money throughout the year. Included are expenses for groceries, clothes, rent, power, telecommunications, recreational activities, and raw materials (e.g. gas, oil), as well as federal fees and taxes. The product basked is adjusted every five years to reflect changes in consumer preference and has been updated in 2020 for the last time. The inflation rate is then calculated using changes in the CPI. As the inflation of a country is seen as a key economic indicator, it is frequently used for international comparison. China's inflation in comparison Among the main industrialized and emerging economies worldwide, China displayed comparatively low inflation in 2023 and 2024. In previous years, China's inflation ranged marginally above the inflation rates of established industrialized powerhouses such as the United States or the European Union. However, this changed in 2021, as inflation rates in developed countries rose quickly, while prices in China only increased moderately. According to IMF estimates for 2024, Zimbabwe was expected to be the country with the highest inflation rate, with a consumer price increase of about 561 percent compared to 2023. In 2023, Turkmenistan had the lowest price increase worldwide with prices actually decreasing by about 1.7 percent.

In 2024, the consumer price index (CPI) was 315.61. Data represents U.S. city averages. The monthly inflation rate for the United States can be found here. United States urban Consumer Price Index (CPI) The U.S. Consumer Price Index is a measure of change in the price of consumer goods and services purchased by households. The CPI is defined by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics as "a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services." To calculate the CPI, the Bureau of Labor Statistics considers the price of goods and services from various categories: housing, transportation, apparel, food & beverage, medical care, recreation, education and other/uncategorized. The CPI is a useful measure, as it indicates how the cost of urban living in the United States has changed over time, compared to a base period. CPI is also used to calculate inflation, or change in the purchasing power of money. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the U.S. urban CPI has been rising steadily since 1992. As of 2023, the CPI was 304.7, up from 233 ten years earlier and up from 184 twenty years earlier. This indicates the extent to which, compared to a base period 1982-1984 = 100, the price of various goods and services has risen.

We report average expected inflation rates over the next one through 30 years. Our estimates of expected inflation rates are calculated using a Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland model that combines financial data and survey-based measures. Released monthly.

The dataset contains Year and State wise State-wise Average Inflation (CPI) - General, Food and Beverages, Fuel and Light and Housing (Urban)

Note: General: 1. Data for Arunachal Pradesh is not available. 2. For calculating State-wise Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation in 2020-21 the average CPI Index for ten months has been taken due to unavailability of CPI data for the months of April and May 2020. 3. Figures for Jammu & Kashmir from October 2019 pertain to combined Union Territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh (erstwhile State of Jammu & Kashmir)

Food and Beverages: 1. Data for Arunachal Pradesh is not available. 2. For 2019-20, annual inflation for all states is calculated using data from April-2019 to February-2020, and for All-India, it is calculated using April-2019 to March-2020 data. 3. For calculating State-wise CPI inflation in 2020-21 the average CPI for eight months has been taken due to unavailability of CPI data for the period April-July 2020. 4. Figures for Jammu & Kashmir from October 2019 pertain to combined Union Territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh(erstwhile State of Jammu & Kashmir)

Fuel and Light: 1. Data for Arunachal Pradesh is not available. 2. For 2019-20, annual inflation for all states is calculated using data from April-2019 to February-2020, and for All-India, it is calculated using April-2019 to March-2020 data. 3. For calculating State-wise CPI inflation in 2020-21 the average CPI for eight months has been taken due to unavailability of CPI data for the period April-July 2020. 4. Figures for Jammu & Kashmir from October 2019 pertain to combined Union Territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh (erstwhile State of Jammu & Kashmir)

Housing (Urban): 1. Data for Arunachal Pradesh is not available. 2. For 2019-20, annual inflation for all states is calculated using data from April-2019 to February-2020, and for All-India, it is calculated using April-2019 to March-2020 data. 3. For calculating State-wise CPI inflation in 2020-21 the average CPI for eight months has been taken due to unavailability of CPI data for the period April-July 2020. 4. Figures for Jammu & Kashmir from October 2019 pertain to combined Union Territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh (erstwhile State of Jammu & Kashmir)

This repository provides the data and MatLab code producing the figures and tables in "Estimating the Optimal Inflation Target from Trends in Relative Prices" by Klaus Adam and Henning Weber, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, forthcoming as of Febuary 2022.

Inflation Rate in China increased to 0.10 percent in June from -0.10 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides - China Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services. Indexes are available for the U.S. and various geographic areas. Average price data for select utility, automotive fuel, and food items are also available. Prices for the goods and services used to calculate the CPI are collected in 75 urban areas throughout the country and from about 23,000 retail and service establishments. Data on rents are collected from about 43,000 landlords or tenants. More information and details about the data provided can be found at http://www.bls.gov/cpi

The inflation rate in the United States is expected to decrease to 2.1 percent by 2029. 2022 saw a year of exceptionally high inflation, reaching eight percent for the year. The data represents U.S. city averages. The base period was 1982-84. In economics, the inflation rate is a measurement of inflation, the rate of increase of a price index (in this case: consumer price index). It is the percentage rate of change in prices level over time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. According to the forecast, prices will increase by 2.9 percent in 2024. The annual inflation rate for previous years can be found here and the consumer price index for all urban consumers here. The monthly inflation rate for the United States can also be accessed here. Inflation in the U.S.Inflation is a term used to describe a general rise in the price of goods and services in an economy over a given period of time. Inflation in the United States is calculated using the consumer price index (CPI). The consumer price index is a measure of change in the price level of a preselected market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households. This forecast of U.S. inflation was prepared by the International Monetary Fund. They project that inflation will stay higher than average throughout 2023, followed by a decrease to around roughly two percent annual rise in the general level of prices until 2028. Considering the annual inflation rate in the United States in 2021, a two percent inflation rate is a very moderate projection. The 2022 spike in inflation in the United States and worldwide is due to a variety of factors that have put constraints on various aspects of the economy. These factors include COVID-19 pandemic spending and supply-chain constraints, disruptions due to the war in Ukraine, and pandemic related changes in the labor force. Although the moderate inflation of prices between two and three percent is considered normal in a modern economy, countries’ central banks try to prevent severe inflation and deflation to keep the growth of prices to a minimum. Severe inflation is considered dangerous to a country’s economy because it can rapidly diminish the population’s purchasing power and thus damage the GDP .

Consumer price indexes (CPIs) are index numbers that measure changes in the prices of goods and services purchased or otherwise acquired by households, which households use directly, or indirectly, to satisfy their own needs and wants. In practice, most CPIs are calculated as weighted averages of the percentage price changes for a specified set, or ‘‘basket’’, of consumer products, the weights reflecting their relative importance in household consumption in some period. CPIs are widely used to index pensions and social security benefits. CPIs are also used to index other payments, such as interest payments or rents, or the prices of bonds. CPIs are also commonly used as a proxy for the general rate of inflation, even though they measure only consumer inflation. They are used by some governments or central banks to set inflation targets for purposes of monetary policy. The price data collected for CPI purposes can also be used to compile other indices, such as the price indices used to deflate household consumption expenditures in national accounts, or the purchasing power parities used to compare real levels of consumption in different countries.

In an effort to further coordinate and harmonize the collection of CPI data, the international organizations agreed that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) would assume responsibility for the international collection and dissemination of national CPI data. Under this data collection initiative, countries are reporting the aggregate all items index; more detailed indexes and weights for 12 subgroups of consumption expenditure (according to the so-called COICOP-classification), and detailed metadata. These detailed data represent a valuable resource for data users throughout the world and this portal would not be possible without the ongoing cooperation of all reporting countries. In this effort, the OECD collects and validates the data for their member countries, including accession and key partner countries, whereas the IMF takes care of the collection of data for all other countries.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy in U.S. City Average (CPILFESL) from Jan 1957 to Jun 2025 about core, headline figure, all items, urban, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

The Consumer Price Index in the United States increased 0.30 percent in June of 2025 over the previous month. This dataset provides - United States Inflation Rate MoM - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers’ housing costs (CPIH)-consistent inflation rates calculated for different income groups in the UK, by category of spend. Data are for the period 2005 to 2018.

Monthly Data from August 2002. Covers: -Inflation Gauge. -Inflation Gauge Index. -Trimmed Mean. -Core Measure.

  Part of Consumer Attitudes, Sentiments & Expectations (CASiE) in Australia. The survey is conduct monthly by telephone and the sample size is typically 1200 households. Each respondent is characterized by: gender, age, occupation, education, political party preference, home ownership, household income, and postcode. The Survey is used to compile the following Report: TD Securities - Melbourne Institute Monthly Inflation Gauge. TD Securities and the Melbourne Institute have developed a monthly inflation indicator to give markets and policy makers a monthly update on inflation trends. Based on the ABS methodology for calculating the quarterly consumer price index, the TD Securities - Melbourne Institute Monthly Inflation Gauge estimates month-to-month price movements for a wide-ranging basket of goods and services across the main capital cities of Australia. This report is produced monthly and is released with a lag of one month.

This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts, tables, and calculations presented in Why did inflation rise and fall so rapidly? Lessons from the Korean War, PIIE Working Paper 25-1.

If you use the data, please cite as:

Gagnon, Joseph E., and Asher Rose. 2025. Why did inflation rise and fall so rapidly? Lessons from the Korean War. PIIE Working Paper 25-1. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.