DH represents 100% for the relative measure. Differences between medians and distributions were significant between all disciplines if indicated with * and were significantly different between GS and SG when marked with 1, significantly different between GS and DH if marked with 2 and significantly different between SG and DH if marked with 3. If no parameter was significantly different the column is empty. Columns marked with—indicate that the measure was not calculated.Median, interquartile range (IQR) and significance level of the difference between discipline medians and distributions for all parameters, and percentage of DH for GS and SG.

a : First median absolute percent bias of β1 was calculated for each simulation scenario, then summarized across scenarios.b : This is the number of simulation scenarios used to calculate the information.

Scan 1 and scan 2 single-participant ROI median and interquartile range (IQR) ultrashort-T2* values and between-scan absolute and percent change calculated from the two scan sessions for one participant. The results calculated using all seven TE values and the subset of three TE values are presented for all voxels and for only voxels with acceptable ultrashort-T2* fit (R2 ≥ 0.5). The median and interquartile range values are calculated for the sample of all voxels within each ROI.

aFDO calculated using the following ARV drugs: nevirapine, efavirenz, delavirdine, etravirine; abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine/lamivudine, stavudine, tenofovir, zidovudine; nelfinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, lopinavir. saquinavir, atazanavir, fosamprenavir, darunavir, tipranavir.bp-Value from Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test.cFDO score 1: FDO-1 is calculated as the number of drug classes with one or more drug to which the virus was susceptible (NC) with extra credit (0.3) for full susceptibility in NRTI or PI classes.dFDO score 2: FDO-2 is calculated as NC + the number of drugs to which the virus was susceptible (ND) divided by the total number (19) of drugs available + 1, i.e., NC+(ND/20).

Larval life history traits and geographic distribution for each thoracican barnacle species used in the study

The table "finalmergeddata.csv" contains life history and enironmental data as well as the calculated variance (IQR = interquartile range, se = standard error) summarized per species. The table "lifehistory.xls" contains the species-specific larval life history data we extracted from the literature. The first tab, "Taxonomy + larval mode" has one row per species. The taxonomy is taken from WoRMS (www.marinespecies.org). The following two tabs contain information on other larval traits and the known geographic distribution of the barnacle species. In these tabs, each species can occur several times, as we chose to give each reference a separate row. The references are detailed in the datatable_references file. The meaning of all columns is explained in the last tab "METADATA". Detailed references for the data sources are available in the last tab "Data sourc...

AL refers to the axial length, CCT to the central corneal thickness, ACD to the external phakic anterior chamber depth measured from the corneal front apex to the front apex of the crystalline lens, LT to the central thickness of the crystalline lens, R1 and R2 to the corneal radii of curvature for the flat and steep meridians, Rmean to the average of R1 and R2, PIOL to the refractive power of the intraocular lens implant, and SEQ to the spherical equivalent power achieved 5 to 12 weeks after cataract surgery.

ObjectivesAlthough the vagus nerve (VN) is easily observed by ultrasonography, few studies have evaluated the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the VN in healthy older individuals from East Asia. In this study, we aimed to report reference values for the CSA of the VN in community-dwelling elderly Japanese individuals and to identify any associated medical history and/or lifestyle factors.MethodsThe present study included 336 participants aged ≥ 70 years from a prospective cohort study conducted in Yahaba, Japan from October 2021 to February 2022. The CSA of the VN was measured bilaterally at the level of the thyroid gland by ultrasonography. Simple linear regression analysis and generalized estimating equation were conducted to identify the associations between clinical and background factors and the CSA of the VN.ResultsIn our cohort, the median CSA of the VN was 1.3 mm2 (interquartile range [IQR] 1.1–1.6) on the right side and 1.2 mm2 (IQR 1.0–1.4) on the left side. Generalized estimating equation showed that history of head injury (β = 0.19, p < .01), current smoking habit (β = -0.09, p = .03), and BMI (β = 0.02, p < .01) were independently associated with the CSA of the VN.ConclusionWe have reported reference VN CSA values for community-dwelling elderly Japanese individuals. In addition, we showed that the CSA of the VN was positively associated with a history of head injury and BMI and inversely associated with current smoking habit.

IntroductionAlthough recognised as important, few validated tools are available to measure respectful maternity care. In Australia, First Nations, migrant and refugee women have fewer antenatal attendances and poorer outcomes compared to others, with disrespectful maternity care a known barrier to care-seeking. Our primary aim was to determine content validity of the Mothers on Respect index (MORi) for use with women facing disadvantage birthing in the Top End of the Northern Territory. Our secondary aim was to determine the extent of respectful maternity care amongst these women in our setting.MethodsFifteen First Nations women participated in an iterative process, rating and commenting on the original MORi items using content-validation-index for items. 195 First Nations, migrant, refugee women subsequently completed the content-validated MORi, within 12-months postpartum.ResultsContent validity was established for all items; The overall median MORi score was high at 78 [interquartile range (IQR) 72–83]. Migrant women had the highest median score of 80 (IQR 76–83), remote-living First Nations women had the lowest at 63.5 (IQR 55–76). There were no significant differences across antenatal attendance, educational attainment, or primary caregiver.DiscussionOverall, high levels of respectful maternity care were observed. First Nations women from remote communities, and refugee women within some domains, experienced lower levels of respect than others, perhaps resulting from ongoing systemic disadvantage. MORi content-validity was established for First Nations Australians, migrant and refugee women with disparity between cohorts observed. Continuity-of-carer, increased access to interpreters, and companion of choice may address some of these disparities.

Abbreviations: GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range.Performance of bias, precision and accuracy between measured GFR and estimated GFR in the validation data set.

The horizontal plane position errors of the four smartphone models presenting the median, interquartile range (IQR), maximum, minimum, and sample size (n) for horizontal plane positioning errors in meters.

The Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE) predicts the need for dialysis or transplantation using age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR). The eGFR and ACR have known biological and analytical variability. We examined the effect of biological and analytical variability of eGFR and ACR on the 2-year KFRE predicted kidney failure probabilities using single measure and the average of repeat measures of simulated eGFR and ACR. Previously reported values for coefficient of variation (CV) for ACR and eGFR were used to calculate day to day variability. Variation was also examined with outpatient laboratory data from patients with an eGFR between 15 and 50 mL/min/1.72 m2. A web application was developed to calculate and model day to day variation in risk. The biological and analytical variability related to ACR and eGFR lead to variation in the predicted probability of kidney failure. A male patient age 50, ACR 30 mg/mmol and eGFR 25, had a day to day variation in risk of 7% (KFRE point estimate: 17%, variability range 14% to 21%). The addition of inter laboratory variation due to different instrumentation increased the variability to 9% (KFRE point estimate 17%, variability range 13% to 22%). Averaging of repeated measures of eGFR and ACR significantly decreased the variability (KFRE point estimate 17%, variability range 15% to 19%). These findings were consistent when using outpatient laboratory data which showed that most patients had a KFRE 2-year risk variability of ≤ 5% (79% of patients). Approximately 13% of patients had variability from 5–10% and 8% had variability > 10%. The mean age (SD) of this cohort was 64 (15) years, 36% were females, the mean (SD) eGFR was 32 (10) ml/min/1.73m2 and median (IQR) ACR was 22.7 (110). Biological and analytical variation intrinsic to the eGFR and ACR may lead to a substantial degree of variability that decreases with repeat measures. Use of a web application may help physicians and patients understand individual patient’s risk variability and communicate risk (https://mccudden.shinyapps.io/kfre_app/). The web application allows the user to alter age, gender, eGFR, ACR, CV (for both eGFR and ACR) as well as units of measurements for ACR (g/mol versus mg/g).

a : Median absolute percent bias of σ2u was calculated for each simulation scenario, then summarized across scenarios.b : This is the number of simulation scenarios used to calculate the information.

: Plus-minus values are means±SD.Abbreviations: GFR, glomerular filtration rate.Participant characteristic.

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV). To prevent TB among PLHIV, the Ugandan national guidelines recommend Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) across differentiated service delivery (DSD) models, an effective way of delivering ART. DSD models include Community Drug Distribution Point (CDDP), Community Client-led ART Delivery (CCLAD), Facility-Based Individual Management (FBIM), Facility-Based Group (FBG), and Fast Track Drug Refill (FTDR). Little is known about the impact of delivering IPT through DSD.MethodsWe reviewed medical records of PLHIV who initiated IPT between June-September 2019 at TASO Soroti (TS), Katakwi Hospital (KH) and Soroti Regional Referral Hospital (SRRH). We defined IPT completion as completing a course of isoniazid within 6–9 months. We utilized a modified Poisson regression to compare IPT completion across DSD models and determine factors associated with IPT completion in each DSD model.ResultsData from 2968 PLHIV were reviewed (SRRH: 50.2%, TS: 25.8%, KH: 24.0%); females: 60.7%; first-line ART: 91.7%; and Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimen: 61.9%. At IPT initiation, the median age and duration on ART were 41.5 (interquartile range [IQR]; 32.3–50.2) and 6.0 (IQR: 3.7–8.6) years, respectively. IPT completion overall was 92.8% (95%CI: 91.8–93.7%); highest in CDDP (98.1%, 95%CI: 95.0–99.3%) and lowest in FBG (85.8%, 95%CI: 79.0–90.7%). Compared to FBIM, IPT completion was significantly higher in CDDP (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.09–1.22) and CCLAD (aRR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.16). In facility-based models, IPT completion differed between sites (p

BackgroundAs a metric to determine the robustness of trial results, the fragility index (FI) is the number indicating how many patients would be required to reverse the significant results. This study aimed to calculate the FI in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving premature.MethodsTrials were included if they had a 1:1 study design, reported statistically significant dichotomous outcomes, and had an explicitly stated sample size or power calculation. The FI was calculated for binary outcomes using Fisher’s exact test, and the FIs of subgroups were compared. Spearman’s correlation was applied to determine correlations between the FI and study characteristics.ResultsFinally, 66 RCTs were included in the analyses. The median FI for these trials was 3.00 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.00–5.00), with a median fragility quotient of 0.014 (IQR: 0.008–0.028). FI was ≤ 3 in 42 of these 66 RCTs (63.6%), and in 42.4% (28/66) of the studies, the number of patients lost to follow-up was greater than that of the FI. Significant differences were found in the FI among journals (p = 0.011). We observed that FI was associated with the sample size, total number of events, and reported p-values (rs = 0.437, 0.495, and −0.857, respectively; all p < 0.001).ConclusionFor RCTs in the premature population, a median of only three events was needed to change from a “non-event” to “event” to render a significant result non-significant, indicating that the significance may hinge on a small number of events.

Asterix (*) denotes significant differences when compared to non-allergens. (§) denotes significant difference from random proteins. There were no significant differences between aeroallergens or dietary allergens.

CKD-EPI equation, asian modified CKD-EPI equation and the new equation.

BackgroundRheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders (RMDs) are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with hypertension being the most common. We aimed to determine the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP), awareness, treatment, and blood pressure control among patients with RMDs seen in a Rheumatology clinic in Uganda.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study at the Rheumatology Clinic of Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH), Kampala, Uganda. Socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and anthropometric data were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was performed using STATA 16 to determine factors associated with HBP in patients with RMDs.ResultsA total of 100 participants were enrolled. Of these, majority were female (84%, n = 84) with mean age of 52.1 (standard deviation: 13.8) years and median body mass index of 28 kg/m2 (interquartile range (IQR): 24.8 kg/m2–32.9 kg/m2). The prevalence of HBP was 61% (n = 61, 95% CI: 51.5–70.5), with the majority (77%, n = 47, 95% CI: 66.5–87.6) being aware they had HTN. The prevalence of HTN was 47% (n = 47, 37.2–56.8), and none had it under control. Factors independently associated with HBP were age 46-55years (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–5.95), 56–65 years (aPR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.09–6.15), >65 years (aPR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.02–6.00), obesity (aPR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.79–7.52), overweight (aPR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.29–5.77).ConclusionThere was a high burden of HBP among people with RMDs in Uganda with poor blood pressure control, associated with high BMI and increasing age. There is a need for further assessment of the RMD specific drivers of HBP and meticulous follow up of patients with RMDs.

*Age-adjusted GM were calculated using linear regression.§ Age-adjusted p-value were calculated using logistic regression.# Age-adjusted p-value were calculated using ANOVA. Significant differences are highlighted in bold.

Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses.