Inflation rates experienced by different groups of consumers within a country vary. This is because the prices of goods and services and the expenditure patterns of consumers differ. The published inflation rate is used for important decisions regarding the preservation of consumer purchasing power. These include the adjustment of social grants and minimum wages by government and the benchmarking of returns by investors when making investment decisions. It is thus vital that inflation is measured accurately to ensure the purchasing power of consumers is preserved. Current measures of inflation published by Stats SA are applicable to typical consumers and are not relevant to each individual. This resource supplements a study that seeks to provide a publicly available model that can be used by consumers to calculate their personal rate of inflation.

In 2023, the U.S. Consumer Price Index was 309.42, and is projected to increase to 352.27 by 2029. The base period was 1982-84. The monthly CPI for all urban consumers in the U.S. can be accessed here. After a time of high inflation, the U.S. inflation rateis projected fall to two percent by 2027. United States Consumer Price Index ForecastIt is projected that the CPI will continue to rise year over year, reaching 325.6 in 2027. The Consumer Price Index of all urban consumers in previous years was lower, and has risen every year since 1992, except in 2009, when the CPI went from 215.30 in 2008 to 214.54 in 2009. The monthly unadjusted Consumer Price Index was 296.17 for the month of August in 2022. The U.S. CPI measures changes in the price of consumer goods and services purchased by households and is thought to reflect inflation in the U.S. as well as the health of the economy. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics calculates the CPI and defines it as, "a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services." The BLS records the price of thousands of goods and services month by month. They consider goods and services within eight main categories: food and beverage, housing, apparel, transportation, medical care, recreation, education, and other goods and services. They aggregate the data collected in order to compare how much it would cost a consumer to buy the same market basket of goods and services within one month or one year compared with the previous month or year. Given that the CPI is used to calculate U.S. inflation, the CPI influences the annual adjustments of many financial institutions in the United States, both private and public. Wages, social security payments, and pensions are all affected by the CPI.

In 2024, the average annual inflation rate in China ranged at around 0.2 percent compared to the previous year. For 2025, projections by the IMF expect slightly negative inflation. The monthly inflation rate in China dropped to negative values in the first quarter of 2025. Calculation of inflation The inflation rate is calculated based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for China. The CPI is computed using a product basket that contains a predefined range of products and services on which the average consumer spends money throughout the year. Included are expenses for groceries, clothes, rent, power, telecommunications, recreational activities, and raw materials (e.g. gas, oil), as well as federal fees and taxes. The product basked is adjusted every five years to reflect changes in consumer preference and has been updated in 2020 for the last time. The inflation rate is then calculated using changes in the CPI. As the inflation of a country is seen as a key economic indicator, it is frequently used for international comparison. China's inflation in comparison Among the main industrialized and emerging economies worldwide, China displayed comparatively low inflation in 2023 and 2024. In previous years, China's inflation ranged marginally above the inflation rates of established industrialized powerhouses such as the United States or the European Union. However, this changed in 2021, as inflation rates in developed countries rose quickly, while prices in China only increased moderately. According to IMF estimates for 2024, Zimbabwe was expected to be the country with the highest inflation rate, with a consumer price increase of about 561 percent compared to 2023. In 2023, Turkmenistan had the lowest price increase worldwide with prices actually decreasing by about 1.7 percent.

We report average expected inflation rates over the next one through 30 years. Our estimates of expected inflation rates are calculated using a Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland model that combines financial data and survey-based measures. Released monthly.

Measures of monthly UK inflation data including CPIH, CPI and RPI. These tables complement the consumer price inflation time series dataset.

The dataset contains Year and State wise State-wise Average Inflation (CPI) - General, Food and Beverages, Fuel and Light and Housing (Urban)

Note: General: 1. Data for Arunachal Pradesh is not available. 2. For calculating State-wise Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation in 2020-21 the average CPI Index for ten months has been taken due to unavailability of CPI data for the months of April and May 2020. 3. Figures for Jammu & Kashmir from October 2019 pertain to combined Union Territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh (erstwhile State of Jammu & Kashmir)

Food and Beverages: 1. Data for Arunachal Pradesh is not available. 2. For 2019-20, annual inflation for all states is calculated using data from April-2019 to February-2020, and for All-India, it is calculated using April-2019 to March-2020 data. 3. For calculating State-wise CPI inflation in 2020-21 the average CPI for eight months has been taken due to unavailability of CPI data for the period April-July 2020. 4. Figures for Jammu & Kashmir from October 2019 pertain to combined Union Territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh(erstwhile State of Jammu & Kashmir)

Fuel and Light: 1. Data for Arunachal Pradesh is not available. 2. For 2019-20, annual inflation for all states is calculated using data from April-2019 to February-2020, and for All-India, it is calculated using April-2019 to March-2020 data. 3. For calculating State-wise CPI inflation in 2020-21 the average CPI for eight months has been taken due to unavailability of CPI data for the period April-July 2020. 4. Figures for Jammu & Kashmir from October 2019 pertain to combined Union Territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh (erstwhile State of Jammu & Kashmir)

Housing (Urban): 1. Data for Arunachal Pradesh is not available. 2. For 2019-20, annual inflation for all states is calculated using data from April-2019 to February-2020, and for All-India, it is calculated using April-2019 to March-2020 data. 3. For calculating State-wise CPI inflation in 2020-21 the average CPI for eight months has been taken due to unavailability of CPI data for the period April-July 2020. 4. Figures for Jammu & Kashmir from October 2019 pertain to combined Union Territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh (erstwhile State of Jammu & Kashmir)

In 2024, the consumer price index (CPI) was 315.61. Data represents U.S. city averages. The monthly inflation rate for the United States can be found here. United States urban Consumer Price Index (CPI) The U.S. Consumer Price Index is a measure of change in the price of consumer goods and services purchased by households. The CPI is defined by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics as "a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services." To calculate the CPI, the Bureau of Labor Statistics considers the price of goods and services from various categories: housing, transportation, apparel, food & beverage, medical care, recreation, education and other/uncategorized. The CPI is a useful measure, as it indicates how the cost of urban living in the United States has changed over time, compared to a base period. CPI is also used to calculate inflation, or change in the purchasing power of money. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the U.S. urban CPI has been rising steadily since 1992. As of 2023, the CPI was 304.7, up from 233 ten years earlier and up from 184 twenty years earlier. This indicates the extent to which, compared to a base period 1982-1984 = 100, the price of various goods and services has risen.

Graph and download economic data for Inflation, consumer prices for the United States (FPCPITOTLZGUSA) from 1960 to 2024 about consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services. Indexes are available for the U.S. and various geographic areas. Average price data for select utility, automotive fuel, and food items are also available. Prices for the goods and services used to calculate the CPI are collected in 75 urban areas throughout the country and from about 23,000 retail and service establishments. Data on rents are collected from about 43,000 landlords or tenants. More information and details about the data provided can be found at http://www.bls.gov/cpi

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy in U.S. City Average (CPILFESL) from Jan 1957 to Jun 2025 about core, headline figure, all items, urban, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Inflation Rate in China decreased to 0 percent in July from 0.10 percent in June of 2025. This dataset provides - China Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The tables presented in this file are a supplement to the article “CBS switches to new method for calculating energy prices in the CPI”, published on 30 June 2023. The article presents the results of the research carried out by Statistics Netherlands (CBS) in order to develop new energy prices for the Consumer price index (CPI).

Inflation Rate In the Euro Area remained unchanged at 2 percent in July. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers’ housing costs (CPIH)-consistent inflation rates calculated for different income groups in the UK, by category of spend. Data are for the period 2005 to 2018.

The Consumer Price Index in the United States increased 0.30 percent in June of 2025 over the previous month. This dataset provides - United States Inflation Rate MoM - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts, tables, and calculations presented in Why did inflation rise and fall so rapidly? Lessons from the Korean War, PIIE Working Paper 25-1.

If you use the data, please cite as:

Gagnon, Joseph E., and Asher Rose. 2025. Why did inflation rise and fall so rapidly? Lessons from the Korean War. PIIE Working Paper 25-1. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

This data package includes the underlying data and files to replicate the calculations, charts, and tables presented in Average Inflation Targeting Would Be a Weak Tool for the Fed to Deal with Recession and Chronic Low Inflation, PIIE Policy Brief 19-16. If you use the data, please cite as: Reifschneider, David, and David Wilcox. (2019). Average Inflation Targeting Would Be a Weak Tool for the Fed to Deal with Recession and Chronic Low Inflation. PIIE Policy Brief 19-16. Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Representative items within the Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers' housing costs, Consumer Prices Index and Retail Prices Index for the basket of goods and services.

The rate at which prices for goods and services are generally rising and, as a result, currency's purchasing power is declining is known as inflation. Central banks attempt to limit inflation—and avoid deflation—in order to keep the economy running smoothly. Each unit of currency may purchase fewer products and services as prices rise. This results in a reduction in the actual value of money, a process that impacts every level of the economy, from consumers to governments. The percentage change in the cost of a basket of goods and services over a certain time period, often a year, is measured by the inflation rate. It’s a key metric for assessing the health of an economy, showing how much more expensive everyday goods and services have become. The change in the average price level of a basket of goods and services over a year is represented by the inflation rate average consumer prices (annual per cent change). It’s calculated by taking the average of prices across all months of a given year compared to the previous year. This metric is determined by averaging monthly price data and comparing it to the average of the previous year. It provides a broader view of inflation trends across a longer time frame, smoothing out any short-term volatility. The Inflation rate, end of period consumer prices (annual per cent change) reflects the price level change from the end of one period (typically December) to the end of the next period (the following December). Instead of taking an average, this rate focuses on the price level at a specific point in time, providing a snapshot of inflation. It’s calculated by comparing the Consumer Price Index (CPI) of the final month of the year with the CPI of the last month of the previous year.