To provide an alternative to the native NHD measuring system of percentage of distance along reach length with one that enhances the ability to examine distance relationships along entire stream courses.

This data set includes 28 physical watershed attributes for each of 135,118 stream segments (National Hydrodraphy Dataset, Version 1) in California. These data were used to support a report entitled: "Classification of California streams using combined deductive and inductive approaches: setting the foundation for analysis of hydrologic alteration" authored by Pyne, Carlisle, Konrad, and Stein, and published in the journal Ecohydrology. Specifically, these data were used in a classification (ie, cluster) analysis to identify unique groupings of watersheds with similar hydrological characteristics.

Changes to instream flow are known to be one of the major factors that affect the health of biological communities. Flow alteration can degrade physical habitat and alter water quality, reducing the ability of a stream to support aquatic life. Understanding the relationship between changes in flow and changes in benthic invertebrate communities (a key indicator of stream health) is critical to informing decisions about ecosystem vulnerability, identifying causes of stream and watershed degradation, and setting priorities for future watershed management.

Among the range of approaches available for setting flow targets that support biological integrity, a recently completed project in southern California evaluated the Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration (ELOHA) framework to assess the effect of flow alteration on the condition of benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) communities across the region. The ELOHA framework establishes recommended targets using a process that includes estimation of flow alteration and development of flow-ecology relationships based on the response of biological communities to changes in flow. This project applied to the ELOHA framework to develop regional flow-ecology relationships and targets based on responses in the benthic macroinvertebrate community. The objectives of this project were: 1) Develop a recommended set of flow targets for southern California streams that would maximize the likelihood of maintaining healthy biological communities as indicated by the California Stream Condition Index (CSCI) for benthic invertebrates. 2) Produce a set of tools that can be readily applied to future sites to estimate hydrologic alteration relative to biologically-define targets.

This project was led by the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project (SCCWRP) and developed flow-ecology relationships using data from nearly 600 bioassessment sites sampled over the past eight years. The California Stream Condition Index (CSCI), a measure of biological condition based on benthic macroinvertebrate communities, was calculated at each of these sites (for more information on the CSCI, refer to the CSCI Fact Sheet and the Bioassessment scores map that shows statewide CSCI scores and stream hydrologic classifications). The degree of hydrologic alteration at each of these sites was assessed by comparing estimates of present-day and historical flows using a set of regionally calibrated hydrologic models. Differences from historic flow conditions were compared to CSCI scores to estimate the probability of good biological conditions along gradients of increasing hydrologic alteration.

The datasets presented here provide the biological and flow metrics calculated for each site to develop recommended flow targets and management priorities at those sites. For more information, please refer the final report for this project, available here.

California Public Resources Code, Chapter 1.4. California Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, Section 5093.50. It is the policy of the State of California that certain rivers which possess extraordinary scenic, recreational, fishery, or wildlife values shall be preserved in their free-flowing state, together with their immediate environments, for the benefit and enjoyment of the people of the state. The Legislature declares that such use of these rivers is the highest and most beneficial use and is a reasonable and beneficial use of water within the meaning of Section 2 of Article X of the California Constitution. It is the purpose of this chapter to create a California Wild and Scenic Rivers System to be administered in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. Revisions will be conducted on an as-needed basis reflecting additions or amendments to the California Public Resources Code or significant changes to the National Hydrography Dataset NHDFlowline.

The State of California Wild, Scenic, and Recreational (WSR) Rivers dataset consists of designated California waterways specified in the California Public Resources Code. Waterway segments are identified by the California Public Resources Code and delineated by the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). Federally designated WSR streams are not included in this dataset. This version differs from former versions in that it 1) coincides with the NHD flowline feature segments and identifiers, and 2) only includes those California streams that are designated wild, scenic, recreational, or other special case per the California Public Resources Code (PRC) Sections 5093.50 - 5093.71. Federally designated WSR streams are not included in this dataset. This dataset contains point features identifying endpoints of designated Wild and Scenic Rivers with USGS HydroLink attributes.

Department of Water Resources (DWR) makes no warranties or guarantees - either expressed or implied - as to the completeness, accuracy, or correctness of the data herein (subject data). DWR neither accepts nor assumes liability arising from or for any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading subject data or reproductions of the subject data. Users are prohibited from any commercial, non-free resale, or redistribution without explicit written permission from DWR. Users should acknowledge DWR as the source used in the creation of any reports, publications, new data sets, derived products, or services resulting from the use of the subject data. DWR expressly disclaims any responsibility to defend or indemnify users against claims of others based on users’ copying, reliance, distribution, or other use of any of the subject data.

The subject data includes data from National Hydrography Dataset. Any data from U.S. Government sources is subject to any conditions, disclaimers, or other restrictions specified by the sources.

This digital dataset contains the locations of, and links to USGS gages on the surface-water network for the Central Valley Hydrologic Model (CVHM). The Central Valley encompasses an approximate 50,000 square-kilometer region of California. The complex hydrologic system of the Central Valley is simulated using the USGS numerical modeling code MODFLOW-FMP (Schmidt and others, 2006b). This simulation is referred to here as the CVHM (Faunt, 2009). Utilizing MODFLOW-FMP, the CVHM simulates groundwater and surface-water flow, irrigated agriculture, land subsidence, and other key processes in the Central Valley on a monthly basis from 1961-2003. The total active modeled area is 20,334 square-miles. The CVHM includes complex surface-water management processes. The hydrology of the present-day Central Valley and the CVHM model are driven by surface-water deliveries and associated groundwater pumpage. The Streamflow Routing Package (SFR1) is linked to MODFLOW-FMP to facilitate the simulated conveyance of surface-water deliveries. If surface-water deliveries do not meet the farm-delivery requirement, the FMP invokes simulated groundwater pumping to meet the demand. The surface-water network represents a subset of the entire stream network in the valley. Even so, it covers about 3,000 kilometers of surface-water and is simulated using 208 stream segments that represent 2244 stream reaches, with 43 inflows and 66 diversion locations providing 64 routed and 41 non-routed deliveries. Most of these inflows are regulated by dams and most of the deliveries are conveyed through an extensive canal network. The routed deliveries are conveyed through the simulated surface-water network, while the non-routed delivery conveyance typically occurs through small canals or diversion ditches and are not directly simulated. Much of the surface-water diversion and delivery information was compiled by the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) for 21 water-balance subregions (WBSs) covering the valley floor (C. Brush, California Department of Water Resources, written commun., February 21, 2007). The CVHM is the most recent regional-scale model of the Central Valley developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The CVHM was developed as part of the USGS Groundwater Resources Program (see "Foreword", Chapter A, page iii, for details).

California Department of Fish and Wildlife California Streams and Rivers. feature service.

The California Water Boards’ Water Data Center is proud to present the CA Water Quality Status Report. This report is an annual data-driven snapshot of the Water Board's water quality and environmental data. This inaugural version of the report is based solely on the surface water datasets available via the [Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP)] (http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/swamp/) and in future years we hope to expand this to include the groundwater, drinking water and water resource datasets available in our state. Our goal is to use data to inform both data storytelling (as in this inaugural report) and water quality indicators, including watershed report cards.

The 2017 Water Quality Status Report is organized around seven major themes that our team thought both individually and collectively tell important stories about the overall health of our state’s surface waters. Each theme-specific story includes a brief background, a data analysis summary, an overview of management actions, and access to the raw data.

For more information please contact the Office of Information Management and Analysis (OIMA).

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Data for the section “Setting Flow Targets to Support Biological Integrity in Southern California Streams” can be found on the California open data portal.
Data for the section “Nutrients and Algae in Aquatic Ecosystems” can be found here.

Feature layer generated from running the Buffer Features solution. Input from California Streams were buffered by [200] Feet

The USGS National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) downloadable data collection from The National Map (TNM) is a comprehensive set of digital spatial data that encodes information about naturally occurring and constructed bodies of surface water (lakes, ponds, and reservoirs), paths through which water flows (canals, ditches, streams, and rivers), and related entities such as point features (springs, wells, stream gages, and dams). The information encoded about these features includes classification and other characteristics, delineation, geographic name, position and related measures, a "reach code" through which other information can be related to the NHD, and the direction of water flow. The network of reach codes delineating water and transported material flow allows users to trace movement in upstream and downstream directions. In addition to this geographic information, the dataset contains metadata that supports the exchange of future updates and improvements to the data. The NHD supports many applications, such as making maps, geocoding observations, flow modeling, data maintenance, and stewardship. For additional information on NHD, go to https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/ngp/national-hydrography.

DWR was the steward for NHD and Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) in California. We worked with other organizations to edit and improve NHD and WBD, using the business rules for California. California's NHD improvements were sent to USGS for incorporation into the national database. The most up-to-date products are accessible from the USGS website. Please note that the California portion of the National Hydrography Dataset is appropriate for use at the 1:24,000 scale.

For additional derivative products and resources, including the major features in geopackage format, please go to this page: https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/nhd-major-features Archives of previous statewide extracts of the NHD going back to 2018 may be found at https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/nhd-archive.

In September 2022, USGS officially notified DWR that the NHD would become static as USGS resources will be devoted to the transition to the new 3D Hydrography Program (3DHP). 3DHP will consist of LiDAR-derived hydrography at a higher resolution than NHD. Upon completion, 3DHP data will be easier to maintain, based on a modern data model and architecture, and better meet the requirements of users that were documented in the Hydrography Requirements and Benefits Study (2016). The initial releases of 3DHP include NHD data cross-walked into the 3DHP data model. It will take several years for the 3DHP to be built out for California. Please refer to the resources on this page for more information.

The FINAL,STATIC version of the National Hydrography Dataset for California was published for download by USGS on December 27, 2023. This dataset can no longer be edited by the state stewards. The next generation of national hydrography data is the USGS 3D Hydrography Program (3DHP).

Questions about the California stewardship of these datasets may be directed to nhd_stewardship@water.ca.gov.

This mapping tool provides a representation of the general watershed boundaries for stream systems declared fully appropriated by the State Water Board. The boundaries were created by Division of Water Rights staff by delineating FASS critical reaches and consolidating HUC 12 sub-watersheds to form FASS Watershed boundaries. As such, the boundaries are in most cases conservative with respect to the associated stream system. However, users should check neighboring FASS Watersheds to ensure the stream system of interest is not restricted by other FASS listings. For more information regarding the Declaration of Fully Appropriated Stream Systems, visit the Division of Water Rights’ Fully Appropriated Streams webpage. How to Use the Interactive Mapping Tool: If it is your first time viewing the map, you will need to click the “OK” box on the splash screen and agree to the disclaimer before continuing. Navigate to your point of interest by either using the search bar or by zooming in on the map. You may enter a stream name, street address, or watershed ID in the search bar. Click on the map to identify the location of interest and one or more pop-up boxes may appear with information about the fully appropriated stream systems within the general watershed boundaries of the identified location. The information provided in the pop-up box may include: (a) stream name, (b) tributary, (c) season declared fully appropriated, (d) Board Decisions/Water Right Orders, and/or (e) court references/adjudications. You may toggle the FAS Streams reference layer on and off to find representative critical reaches associated with the FASS Watershed layer. Please note that this layer is for general reference purposes only and ultimately the critical reach listed in Appendix A of Water Rights Order 98-08 and Appendix A together with any associated footnotes controls. Note: A separate FAS Watershed boundary layer was created for the Bay-Delta Watershed. The Bay-Delta Watershed layer should be toggled on to check if the area of interest is fully appropriated under State Water Board Decision 1594.

State Water Resources Control Board Division of Water Rights staff have developed a new interactive tool that graphically displays fully appropriated stream systems (FASS) throughout the state. The Division maintains a list of fully appropriated stream systems which has been updated over time, most recently in 1998 through Water Right Order 98-08. Exhibit A of Order 98-08 defines the critical reaches of each FASS listing, including the seasons in which water is unavailable for appropriation. The interactive GIS tool represents a digitized version and staff interpretation of Order 98-08 and Exhibit A. The tool contains separate layers for a) state and federal wild and scenic river stream systems to recognize the restrictions on appropriation of water in the respective State and Federal Wild and Scenic River Acts; and b) medium- and high-priority groundwater basins. How to Use the Interactive Map:After opening the web map, you will need to agree to the disclaimer and click the “OK” box on the splash screen before continuing.Navigate to your point of interest by either using the search tool or by zooming in on the map. To use the search tool, select the down arrow to search by address, stream name, watershed ID, or coordinates, then enter your search criteria. Note that the only searchable stream names are the streams declared fully appropriated and listed in Exhibit A. Click on the map to identify the location of interest and one or more pop-up boxes may appear with information about the fully appropriated stream systems within the general watershed boundaries of the identified location. The information provided in the pop-up box may include: (a) stream name, (b) tributary, (c) season declared fully appropriated, (d) Board Decisions/Water Right Orders, and/or (e) court references/adjudications. Users must keep the FASS Watersheds layer turned on in order to see pop-up boxes.When clicking on a location with overlapping watersheds, make sure to use the arrow to navigate through all pop-up boxes, as shown below. Note that as you click on different watersheds, the outline of the currently selected watershed will appear aqua-colored. You may also find it helpful to use the "Zoom to" link in each pop-up, which will zoom the map to the extent of the selected watershed.

The Passage Assessment Database shapefile contains locations of known and potential barriers to salmonid migration in California streams with additional information about each record.Preferred citation: California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Passage Assessment Database, May 2014 Version

USGS National Hydrography Dataset (NHD): Flowline is the fundamental flow network consisting predominantly of stream/river and artificial path vector features. It represents the spatial geometry and carries the attributes. Data selected from NHD Flowline feature class to contain only FType code 460, StreamRiver (Perennial, intermittent) for the state of California.

California Public Resources Code, Chapter 1.4. California Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, Section 5093.50. It is the policy of the State of California that certain rivers which possess extraordinary scenic, recreational, fishery, or wildlife values shall be preserved in their free-flowing state, together with their immediate environments, for the benefit and enjoyment of the people of the state. The Legislature declares that such use of these rivers is the highest and most beneficial use and is a reasonable and beneficial use of water within the meaning of Section 2 of Article X of the California Constitution. It is the purpose of this chapter to create a California Wild and Scenic Rivers System to be administered in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. Revisions will be conducted on an as-needed basis reflecting additions or amendments to the California Public Resources Code or significant changes to the National Hydrography Dataset NHDFlowline. The State of California Wild, Scenic, and Recreational (WSR) Rivers dataset consists of designated California waterways specified in the California Public Resources Code. Waterway segments are identified by the California Public Resources Code and delineated by the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). Federally designated WSR streams are not included in this dataset. This version differs from former versions in that it 1) coincides with the NHD flowline feature segments and identifiers, and 2) only includes those California streams that are designated wild, scenic, recreational, or other special case per the California Public Resources Code (PRC) Sections 5093.50 - 5093.71. Federally designated WSR streams are not included in this dataset. This dataset contains point features identifying endpoints of designated Wild and Scenic Rivers with USGS HydroLink attributes. Department of Water Resources (DWR) makes no warranties or guarantees - either expressed or implied - as to the completeness, accuracy, or correctness of the data herein (subject data). DWR neither accepts nor assumes liability arising from or for any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading subject data or reproductions of the subject data. Users are prohibited from any commercial, non-free resale, or redistribution without explicit written permission from DWR. Users should acknowledge DWR as the source used in the creation of any reports, publications, new data sets, derived products, or services resulting from the use of the subject data. DWR expressly disclaims any responsibility to defend or indemnify users against claims of others based on users’ copying, reliance, distribution, or other use of any of the subject data. The subject data includes data from National Hydrography Dataset. Any data from U.S. Government sources is subject to any conditions, disclaimers, or other restrictions specified by the sources.

Nutrient recycling by consumers in streams can influence ecosystem nutrient availability and the assemblage and growth of photoautotrophs. Stream fishes can play a large role in nutrient recycling, but contributions by other vertebrates to overall recycling rates remain poorly studied. In tributaries of the Pacific Northwest, coastal giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) occur at high densities alongside steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and are top aquatic predators. We surveyed the density and body size distributions of D. tenebrosus and O. mykiss in a California tributary stream, combined with a field study to determine mass-specific excretion rates of ammonium (N) and total dissolved phosphorus (P) for D. tenebrosus. We estimated O. mykiss excretion rates (N, P) by bioenergetics using field-collected data on the nutrient composition of O. mykiss diets from the same system. Despite lower abundance, D. tenebrosus biomass was 2.5 times higher than O. mykiss. Mass-specific excretion summed over 170 m of stream revealed that O. mykiss recycle 1.7 times more N, and 1.2 times more P than D. tenebrosus, and had a higher N:P ratio (8.7) than that of D. tenebrosus (6.0), or the two species combined (7.5). Through simulated trade-offs in biomass, we estimate that shifts from salamander biomass toward fish biomass have the potential to ease nutrient limitation in forested tributary streams. These results suggest that natural and anthropogenic heterogeneity in the relative abundance of these vertebrates and variation in the uptake rates across river networks can affect broad-scale patterns of nutrient limitation.

The scope of data covered in this set consists of 4984 stream samples from 2997 unique geographic locations across the state of California, constituting a 23-year period (1994-2016). Every sample contains the following data: benthic macroinvertebrates (BMIs) enumerated and sorted to a standardized level (generally a genus-level identification except chironomids which were identified to subfamily), sample site altitude in meters, U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Unit Code 8 level watershed, and the percent developed land use (agricultural, urban, and managed landscapes) within a 5 km clipped buffer of the watershed upstream of the sampling site, and a bioassessment index score (California Stream Conditions Index) based on a composite of taxonomic and functional diversity within BMI assemblages.

This layer is a snapshot of stream gages from the fall of 2020. It is the product of an attempt to compile a comprehensive, geospatial list of long-term stream gages whose data is publicly available. Initially, the layer will consist of USGS and CDEC gages. Over time, local (county, municipal, etc.) gages will be added. This layer is not claimed to be authoritative. In cases where this layer and the data maintained by the source entity differ, this layer always defers to the source entity. For analysis purposes, the gage point locations have been altered by SWRCB to coincide with the corresponding line features in the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) Medium Resolution. The original point locations can be found "x" and "y" fields of the layer's attribute table.For questions, contact the SWRCB Division of Water Rights: DWR@waterboards.ca.gov.Data dictionary: Field Name Description Data Type

SiteID Site ID Text

SiteName Site Name Text

Operator Agency or entity which operates the gage Text

DataSource The agency or entity which publishes the data online (source not exclusive) Text

SiteStatus Is the site, in general, active or inactive? Text - Active or Inactive

Stage_YN Did the gage report stage at any time? Text - Y or N or U

Stage_POR Stage period of record in days (if a site had multiple stage sensors or duration codes, then the max POR was used) Integer

Stage_Status Status of stage reporting (active/inactive) Text

Stage_RealTime Is/was stage reported hourly or more frequently? Text - Y or N

Flow_YN Did the gage report flow at any time? Text - Y or N or U

Flow_POR Flow period of record in days (if a site had multiple flow sensors or duration codes, then the max POR was used) Integer

Flow_Status Status of flow reporting (active/inactive) Text

Flow_RealTime Is/was flow reported hourly or more frequently? Text - Y or N

WatQual_YN Did the gage report one or more water quality parameters at any time? Includes parameters such as water chemistry, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity, but not temperature Text - Y or N or U

WatQual_POR Water quality period of record in days (if a site had multiple water quality sensors or duration codes, then the max POR was used) Integer

WatQual_Status Status of water quality reporting (active/inactive) Text

WatQual_RealTime Is/was water quality reported hourly or more frequently? Text - Y or N

Temp_YN Did the gage report water temperature at any time? Text - Y or N or U

Temp_POR Temperature period of record in days (if a site had multiple temperature sensors or duration codes, then the max POR was used) Integer

Temp_Status Status of temperature reporting (active/inactive) Text

Temp_RealTime Is/was temperature reported hourly or more frequently? Text - Y or N

EcosysMgmt Primary purpose or benefit of gage is ecosystem management (flow and water quality) Y - water manager survey, B - prioritization analysis high raw score

PubSafety Primary purpose or benefit of gage is flood or public safety Y - water manager survey, F - flood water manager survey, B - prioritization analysis high raw score

WtrSupply Primary purpose of gage or benefit is water supply (municipal or agricultural) Y - water manager survey, G - groundwater water manager survey, B - prioritization analysis high raw score

WtrQuality Primary purpose or benefit of gage is water quality B - prioritization analysis high raw score

refpotential Reference gage or potential reference gage with Action Y or N

FloodMgmt Primary purpose or benefit of gage is flood management Y - water manager survey, F - flood survey answer, B - prioritization analysis high raw score

GrdwtrMgmt Primary purpose of gage is groundwater management Text - Y or N

Ref_GagesII Is the gage site considered a reference site in Gages II dataset? Text - Y or N

StrmOrder Strahler stream order Integer

UCDStrmClass UCD eFlows stream classification Text

StreamType Type of water conveyance the gage is measuring (e.g. Stream/River, Canal/Ditch, Artificial Path, etc.) Text

TotDASqKM Total drainage area in square kilometers Double

TotDASqMi Total drainage area in square miles Double

GNISID_MedRes GNIS (Geographic Names Information System) identification number of the NHD line segment the gage is on (from the NHD Medium Resolution dataset) Text

RchCd_MedRes Reach Code identification number of the NHD line segment the gage is on (from the NHD Medium Resolution dataset) Text

COMID_MedRes COM ID (common identifier) of the NHD line segment the gage is on (from the NHD Medium Resolution dataset) Text

Assessment Assessment categories indicating use cautions (generated by SWRCB staff) Text

WtrRtNotes Notes concerning water rights that may impact gage measurements (generated by SWRCB staff) Text

SWRCB_Note Notes to inform use of gage data (generated by SWRCB staff) Text

WebLink Web address to access each gage's data Text

x_orig X coordinate as provided by source entity (NAD83 CA Teale Albers meters) Double

y_orig Y coordinate as provided by source entity (NAD83 CA Teale Albers meters) Double

WtrshdNm_HUC8 Name of containing HUC8 watershed Text

HUC8 Containing HUC 8 (Hydrologic Unit Code 8) identifier Text

WtrshdNm_HUC10 Name of containing HUC10 watershed Text

HUC10 Containing HUC 10 (Hydrologic Unit Code 10) identifier Text

WtrshdNm_HUC12 Name of containing HUC12 watershed Text

HUC12 Containing HUC 12 (Hydrologic Unit Code 12) identifier Text

GageGap_Status Status of Gage for Gage Gap Analysis (e.g. Well-Gaged, AWG = Almost Well-Gaged, or Exclude) Text

Infrastructure Gage is suspected of being located on infrastructure Text - Y or N or YC (yes but connected)

ReactivateSF Gage is a candidate for reactivation Text - Y or N

Gage_History Reactivation gage history priority based on gage metadata alone (e.g. period_of_record, parameter status, end-date and other factors, but not including based on gage gap or management criteria). 1 is the top score. Long

AddFlow_2Stage Upgrade candidate: gage is actively reporting stage, potential upgrade to flow and stage Text - Y or N

AddFlow_2WQ Upgrade candidate: gage is actively reporting water quality or temperature data, but not flow and/or stage. Text - Y or N

AddTelemetry Upgrade candidate: gage is actively reporting stage and/or flow, but not in real-time Text - Y or N

AddTemp_2Flow Upgrade candidate: gage is actively reporting stage and/or flow, but not water temperature Text - Y or N

Gage Status Indicated whether gage is Active - High Quality, Active - Limited Use, Inactive, Underwater, or Not a stream Gage Text

waterbody Name of waterbody that may cover gage Text

reference gage Gage is considered an active reference quality gage Text - Y or N

Tier Indicates priority level for upgrades and reactivation, with 1 the highest Numeric

Primary Benefit Primary benefit of gage for existing gages, reactivation, and upgrade gages Text

SB19 Action Recommended Recommendation for gage improvement, if any Text

CNRFC Gage is a California Nevada River Forecast Center Gage Text = Forecast or Model

These data are from joint visual encounter and environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys conducted for northwestern pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) in streams on privately-owned timberlands in northern California.