Abstract

The 2021-22 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (2021-22 CDHS) was implemented by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MoH). Data collection took place from September 15, 2021, to February 15, 2022.

The primary objective of the 2021-22 CDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators. Specifically, the survey collected information on fertility, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutritional status of women and children, maternal and child health, adult and childhood mortality, women’s empowerment, domestic violence, awareness and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and other health-related issues such as smoking.

The information collected through the 2021-22 CDHS is intended to assist policymakers and program managers in evaluating and designing programs and strategies for improving the health of Cambodia’s population. The survey also provides data on indicators relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Cambodia.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49
• Man age 15 to 49

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49, all men age 15-49, and all children aged 0-4 resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Four questionnaires were used in the 2021-22 CDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Man’s Questionnaire, and the Biomarker Questionnaire. The questionnaires, based on The DHS Program’s model questionnaires, were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Cambodia. In addition, a self-administered Fieldworker Questionnaire collected information about the survey’s fieldworkers.

Cleaning operations

The processing of the 2021-22 CDHS data began as soon as the fieldwork started. When data collection was completed in each cluster, the electronic data files were transferred via the IFSS to the NIS central office in Phnom Penh. The data files were registered and checked for inconsistencies, incompleteness, and outliers. Errors and inconsistencies were communicated to the field teams for review and correction. Secondary editing, done by NIS data processors, was carried out in the central office and included resolving inconsistencies and coding open-ended questions. The paper Biomarker Questionnaires were collected by field coordinators and then compared with the electronic data files to assess whether any inconsistencies arose during data entry. Data processing and editing were carried out using the CSPro software package. The concurrent data collection and processing offered an advantage because it maximized the likelihood of the data being error-free. Timely generation of field check tables allowed for effective monitoring. The secondary editing of the data was completed in March 2022.

Response rate

A total of 21,270 households were selected for the CDHS sample, of which 20,967 were found to be occupied. Of the occupied households, 20,806 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 99%. In the interviewed households, 19,845 women age 15-49 were identified as eligible for individual interviews. Interviews were completed with 19,496 women, yielding a response rate of 98%. In the subsample of households selected for the male survey, 9,079 men age 15-49 were identified as eligible for individual interviews and 8,825 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 97%.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1) nonsampling errors and (2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are errors that were made during data collection and data processing such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions by either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2021-22 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to eliminate completely and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2021-22 CDHS is only one of many possible samples that could have been selected from the same population, using exactly the same design. Each of those samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95% of all possible samples of identical size and design.

If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2021-22 CDHS sample was the result of a multistage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulas. The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the 2021-22 CDHS was an SAS program. This program used the Taylor linearization method for estimate variances for survey estimates that are means or proportions. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

A more detailed description of estimates of sampling errors are presented in APPENDIX B of the survey report.

Data appraisal

Data Quality Tables

• Household age distribution
• Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
• Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men
• Age displacement at age 14/15
• Age displacement at age 49/50
• Pregnancy outcomes by years preceding the survey
• Completeness of reporting
• Height and weight data completeness and quality for children
• Height measurements from random subsample of measured children
• Interference in height and weight measurements of children
• Interference in height and weight measurements of women
• Heaping in anthropometric measurements for children (digit preference)
• Observation of handwashing facility
• School attendance by single-year age
• Vaccination cards photographed
• Number of enumeration areas completed by month and province
• Sibship size and sex ratio of siblings
• Pregnancy-related mortality trends
• Pregnancy-related mortality

See details of the data quality tables in Appendix C of the final report.

The total population in Cambodia was estimated at 17.6 million people in 2024, according to the latest census figures and projections from Trading Economics. This dataset provides - Cambodia Population - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The total population of Cambodia was estimated at approximately 17.18 million people in 2024. Following a continuous upward trend, the total population has risen by around 9.44 million people since 1986. Between 2024 and 2030, the total population will rise by around 1.06 million people, continuing its consistent upward trajectory.This indicator describes the total population in the country at hand. This total population of the country consists of all persons falling within the scope of the census.

Population density per pixel at 100 metre resolution. WorldPop provides estimates of numbers of people residing in each 100x100m grid cell for every low and middle income country. Through ingegrating cencus, survey, satellite and GIS datasets in a flexible machine-learning framework, high resolution maps of population counts and densities for 2000-2020 are produced, along with accompanying metadata. DATASET: Alpha version 2010 and 2015 estimates of numbers of people per grid square, with national totals adjusted to match UN population division estimates and remaining unadjusted. REGION: Africa SPATIAL RESOLUTION: 0.000833333 decimal degrees (approx 100m at the equator) PROJECTION: Geographic, WGS84 UNITS: Estimated persons per grid square MAPPING APPROACH: Land cover based, as described in: Linard, C., Gilbert, M., Snow, R.W., Noor, A.M. and Tatem, A.J., 2012, Population distribution, settlement patterns and accessibility across Africa in 2010, PLoS ONE, 7(2): e31743. FORMAT: Geotiff (zipped using 7-zip (open access tool): www.7-zip.org) FILENAMES: Example - AGO10adjv4.tif = Angola (AGO) population count map for 2010 (10) adjusted to match UN national estimates (adj), version 4 (v4). Population maps are updated to new versions when improved census or other input data become available.

Abstract

The Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey in 2010 (CDHS 2010) is the third nationally representative survey conducted in Cambodia on population and health issues. It uses the same methodology as its predecessors, the 2000 and the 2005 Cambodia Demographic and Health Surveys, allowing policymakers to use these surveys to assess trends over time. The primary objective of the CDHS is to provide the Ministry of Health (MOH), Ministry of Planning (MOP), and other relevant institutions and users with updated and reliable data on infant and child mortality, fertility preferences, family planning behavior, maternal mortality, utilization of maternal and child health services, health expenditures, women’s status, and knowledge and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. This information contributes to policy decisions, planning, monitoring, and program evaluation for the development of Cambodia at both the national and local government levels.

Geographic coverage

The sample was designed to provide estimates of the indicators at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for 19 domains: 1.Banteay Mean Chey, 2.Kampong Cham, 3.Kampong Chhnang, 4.Kampong Speu, 5.Kampong Thom, 6.Kandal, 7.Phnom Penh, 8.Prey Veng, 9.Pursat, 10.Svay Rieng, 11.Takeo, 12.Kratie, 13.Siem Reap, 14.Otdar Mean Chey, 15. Battambang and Krong Pailin, 16. Kampot and Krong Kep, 17.Krong Preah Sihanouk and Kaoh Kong, 18.Preah Vihear and Steng Treng; and 19.Mondol Kiri and Rattanak Kiri.

Analysis unit

Household, individual (including women and men between the ages of 15 and 49), and children aged 5 and below.

Universe

The survey covered the whole resident population (regular household) , with the exception of homeless in Cambodia

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey was based on a stratified sample selected in two stages. Stratification was achieved by separating every reporting domain into urban and rural areas. Thus, the 19 domains. Samples were selected independently in every stratum through a two-stage selection process. Implicit stratifications were achieved at each of the lower geographical or administrative levels by sorting the sampling frame according to geographical/administrative order and by using a probability proportional to size selection strategy at the first stage of selection. (Please refer to technical doccuments for details).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

There are three types of questionnaires used in the CDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Individual Woman's Questionnaire, and the Individual Man's Questionnaire.

The households that have been scientifically selected to be included in the CDHS sample were visited and interviewed using a Household Questionnaire. The Household Questionnaire consisted of a cover sheet to identify the household and a form on which all members of the household and visitors were listed. Data collected about each household member were name, sex, age, education, and survival of parents for children under age 18 years, etc. The Household Questionnaire was used to collect information on housing characteristics such as type of water, sanitation facilities, quality of flooring, and ownership of durable goods.

The Household Questionnaire permitted the interviewer to identify women and men who were eligible for the Individual Questionnaire. Women ages 15-49 years in every selected household who are members of the household (those that usually live in the household) and visitors (those who do not usually live in the household but who slept there the previous night) were eligible to be interviewed with the individual Woman's Questionnaire.

After all of the eligible women in a household have been identified, female interviewers used the Woman's Questionnaire to interview the women. The Woman's Questionnaire collected information on the following topics:

 · socio-demographic characteristics

 · reproduction

 · birth spacing

 · maternal health care and breastfeeding

 · immunization and health of children

 · cause of death of children

 · marriage and sexual activity

 · fertility preferences

 · characteristics of the husband and employment activity of the woman

 · HIV

 · maternal mortality

 · women's status

 · household relations

In one-half of the households, men were identified as eligible for individual interview, and the male interviewer of each team used the Man's Questionnaire to interview the eligible men. Team leaders informed their teams which households in the sample have been selected for including interviews with men. The Man's Questionnaire collected information on the following topics:

 · socio-demographic characteristics

 · reproduction

 · birth spacing

 · marriage and sexual activity

 · HIV

Biomarker data collection were conducted in the same one-half of the households which were selected to include men for interview. The biomarker data collection included: measuring the height and weight of women and children (under age 6 years), anemia testing of women and children, and drawing blood samples from women and men for laboratory testing of HIV. Biomarker data collection were recorded in the Household Questionnaire.

Cleaning operations

Data editing was done in the following data processing stages:

a. Office editing and coding - minimal since CSPro has been designed to be an intelligent data entry program

b. Data entry

c. Completeness of data file

d. Verification of Data - prior to this stage, data are again entered and tagged as V to indicate that the dataset is a verification data

e. Secondary editing

Response rate

Response rate:

Households: 99 per cent

Women ages 15-49: 98 per cent

Men ages 15-49: 95 per cent

See Table 1. Results of the household and individual interviews in the CDHS 2010 Preliminary Report (Refer to technical documents)

Sampling error estimates

The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the 2010 CDHS is a Macro SAS procedure. This procedure used the Taylor linearization method for variance estimation for survey estimates that are means or proportions. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates. ISSA also computes ISSA computes the design effect (DEFT) for each estimate.

Sampling errors for the 2010 CDHS are calculated for selected variables considered to be of primary interest for woman’s survey and for man’s surveys, respectively for the country as a whole, for urban and rural areas, and for each of the 19 study domains.

Abstract

The 2014 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) is the fourth nationally representative survey conducted in Cambodia on population and health issues. It uses the same methodology as its predecessors, the 2000, 2005, and 2010 Cambodia Demographic and Health Surveys, allowing policymakers to use these surveys to assess trends over time.

The primary objective of the CDHS is to provide the Ministry of Health (MOH), Ministry of Planning (MOP), and other relevant institutions and users with updated and reliable data on infant and child mortality, fertility preferences, family planning behavior, maternal mortality, utilization of maternal and child health services, health expenditures, women’s status, and knowledge and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. This information contributes to policy decisions, planning, monitoring, and program evaluation for the development of Cambodia at both the national and local government levels.

The long-term objectives of the survey are to build the capacity of the Ministry of Health and the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) of the Ministry of Planning for planning, conducting, and analyzing the results of further surveys.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49
• Man age 15-49

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 2014 CDHS sample is a nationally representative sample of women and men between age 15 and 49 who completed interviews. To achieve a balance between the ability to provide estimates at the subnational level and limiting the sample size, 19 sampling domains were defined, 14 of which correspond to individual provinces and 5 of which correspond to grouped provinces: • Fourteen individual provinces: Banteay Meanchey, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampong Thom, Kandal, Kratie, Phnom Penh, Prey Veng, Pursat, Siem Reap, Svay Rieng, Takeo, and Otdar Meanchey • Five groups of provinces: Battambang and Pailin, Kampot and Kep, Preah Sihanouk and Koh Kong, Preah Vihear and Stung Treng, and Mondul Kiri and Ratanak Kiri

The sample of households was allocated to the sampling domains in such a way that estimates of indicators could be produced with precision at the national level, as well as separately for urban and rural areas of the country and for each of the 19 sampling domains.

The sampling frame used for the 2014 CDHS was derived from the list of all enumeration areas (EAs) created for the 2008 Cambodia General Population Census (GPC), provided by NIS. The list had been updated in 2012, and it excluded 241 EAs that are special settlement areas and not ordinary residential areas. It included 28,455 EAs for the entire country. The GPC also created maps that delimited the boundaries of each EA. Overall, 4,245 EAs were designated as urban and 24,210 as rural, with an average size of 99 households per EA.

The survey used a stratified sample selected in two stages. Stratification was achieved by separating every reporting domain into urban and rural areas. Thus, the 19 domains were stratified into a total of 38 sampling strata. Samples were selected independently in every stratum through a two-stage selection process. Implicit stratifications were achieved at each of the lower geographical or administrative levels by sorting the sampling frame according to geographical/administrative order before sample selection and by using a probability proportional to size selection strategy at the first stage of selection.

For further details on sample selection, see Appendix A of the final report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Four questionnaires were used in the 2014 CDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Man’s Questionnaire, and the Micronutrient Questionnaire. These questionnaires are based on the questionnaires developed by the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program and on the questionnaires used during the 2010 CDHS survey. To reflect relevant population and health issues in Cambodia, the questionnaires were adapted during a series of technical meetings with various stakeholders from government ministries and agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and international donors. The final drafts of the questionnaires were discussed at a stakeholders’ meeting organized by the National Institute of Statistics. The adapted questionnaires were translated from English into Khmer and pretested in February and March 2014.

The Household Questionnaire was used to list all of the usual members and visitors in the selected households. Basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. For children under age 18, parents’ survival status was determined. The Household Questionnaire was also used to identify women and men eligible for an individual interview.

The Woman’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from all women age 15-49 and the Man’s Questionnaire was administered to all men age 15-49 living in one-third of the households in the CDHS sample.

The Micronutrient Questionnaire was implemented in a subsample of one-sixth of the sampled clusters for the collection of micronutrient specimens among eligible women and children. Specimens collected included venous blood, urine, and stool samples.

Cleaning operations

Completed questionnaires were returned from the field to NIS headquarters, where they were entered and edited by data processing personnel who were specially trained for this task and had also attended questionnaire training of field staff. Data processing personnel included a data processing chief, two assistants, four secondary editors and coordinators, 25 entry operators, and eight office editors.

Data processing for the 2014 CDHS began on 25 personal computers on July 6, 2014, five weeks after the first interviews were conducted. Processing the data concurrently with data collection allowed for regular monitoring of team performance and data quality. Field check tables were generated regularly during the data processing to check various data quality parameters. As a result, feedback was given on a regular basis, encouraging teams to continue in areas of high quality and to correct areas of needed improvement. Feedback was individually tailored to each team. Data entry, which included 100 percent double entry to minimize keying errors, and data editing were completed on January 8, 2015. Data cleaning and finalization were completed on January 23, 2015.

Response rate

All of the 611 clusters selected for the sample were surveyed in the 2014 CDHS. A total of 16,356 households were selected, of which 15,937 were found to be occupied during data collection. Among these households, 15,825 completed the Household Questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 99 percent.

In these interviewed households, 18,012 women were identified as eligible for the individual interview. Interviews were completed with 98 percent of these women. Of the 5,484 eligible men identified in every third household, 95 percent were successfully interviewed. There was little variation in response rates by urban-rural residence.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1) nonsampling errors and (2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2014 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2014 CDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and identical size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.

If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2014 CDHS sample is the result of a multistage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulae. The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the 2014 CDHS is an SAS program. This program used the Taylor linearization method for variance estimation for survey estimates that are means or proportions. The Jackknife repeated replication

This vector dataset provides the population density by commune in Cambodia, as provided by Cambodian Demographic Census 2008 (Ministry of Planning, National Institute of Statistics). Dataset were provided to Open Development Cambodia (ODC) in vector format by Save Cambodia's Wildlife's Atlas Working Group.

Population growth (annual %) in Cambodia was reported at 1.2259 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Cambodia - Population growth (annual %) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Population ages 15-64, female (% of female population) in Cambodia was reported at 64.03 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Cambodia - Population ages 15-64, female (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

In 2023, around 28.7 percent of the population in Cambodia were aged up to 14 years old. Comparatively, the population in Cambodia aged up to 14 years old was 31.1 percent in 2014. Over the years, the share of children decreased slightly across the country.

In 2022, the population density in Cambodia remained nearly unchanged at around 97.45 inhabitants per square kilometer. Still, the population density reached its highest value in the observed period in 2022. Population density refers to the average number of residents per square kilometer of land across a given country or region. It is calculated by dividing the total midyear population by the total land area.Find more key insights for the population density in countries like Thailand and Malaysia.

Cambodia KH: Population: Total data was reported at 17,423,880.000 Person in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 17,201,724.000 Person for 2022. Cambodia KH: Population: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 7,899,966.500 Person from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17,423,880.000 Person in 2023 and a record low of 5,088,808.000 Person in 1979. Cambodia KH: Population: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.;(1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2024 Revision; (2) Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices; (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics; (4) United Nations Statistics Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years).;Sum;Relevance to gender indicator: disaggregating the population composition by gender will help a country in projecting its demand for social services on a gender basis.

This statistic shows the age structure in Cambodia from 2013 to 2023. In 2023, about 30.11 percent of Cambodia's total population were aged 0 to 14 years.

Abstract

The 2005 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) uses the same methodology as its predecessor, the 2000 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey, allowing policymakers to use the two surveys to assess trends over time.

The primary objective of the CDHS is to provide the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Planning (MOP), and other relevant institutions and users with updated and reliable data on infant and child mortality, fertility preferences, family planning behavior, maternal mortality, utilization of maternal and child health services, health expenditures, women’s status, domestic violence, and knowledge and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. This information contributes to policy decisions, planning, monitoring, and program evaluation for the development of Cambodia, at both national- and local-government levels.

The long-term objectives of the survey are to technically strengthen the capacity of the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Ministry of Health, and the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) of MOP for planning, conducting, and analyzing the results of further surveys.

The 2005 DHS survey was conducted by the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH), the Ministry of Health, and the National Institute of Statistics of the Ministry of Planning. The CDHS executive committee and technical committee were established to oversee all technical aspects of implementation. They consisted of representatives from the Ministry of Health, the National Institute of Public Health, Department of Planning and Health Information, the Ministry of Planning, the National Institute of Statistics, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Department for International Development (DFID), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Funding for the survey came from USAID, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) (under the Health Sector Support Project HSSP, using a grant from the United Kingdom, DFID), UNFPA, UNICEF, and the Centers for Disease Control/Global AIDS Program (CDC/GAP). Technical assistance was provided by ORC Macro.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Children under five years
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-49

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

SAMPLE DESIGN

Creation of the 2005 CDHS sample was based on the objective of collecting a nationally representative sample of completed interviews with women and men between the ages of 15 and 49. To achieve a balance between the ability to provide estimates for all 24 provinces in the country and limiting the sample size, 19 sampling domains were defined, 14 of which correspond to individual provinces and 5 of which correspond to grouped provinces. - Fourteen individual provinces: Banteay Mean Chey, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampong Thom, Kandal, Kratie, Phnom Penh, Prey Veng, Pursat, Siem Reap, Svay Rieng, Takeo, and Otdar Mean Chey; - Five groups of provinces: Battambang and Krong Pailin, Kampot and Krong Kep, Krong Preah Sihanouk and Kaoh Kong, Preah Vihear and Steung Treng, Mondol Kiri, and Rattanak Kiri.

The sample of households was allocated to the sampling domains in such a way that estimates of indicators can be produced with known precision for each of the 19 sampling domains, for all of Cambodia combined, and separately for urban and rural areas of the country.

The sampling frame used for 2005 CDHS is the complete list of all villages enumerated in the 1998 Cambodia General Population Census (GPC) plus 166 villages which were not enumerated during the 1998 GPC, provided by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS). It includes the entire country and consists of 13,505 villages. The GPC also created maps that delimited the boundaries of every village. Of the total villages, 1,312 villages are designated as urban and 12,193 villages are designated as rural, with an average household size of 161 households per village.

The survey is based on a stratified sample selected in two stages. Stratification was achieved by separating every reporting domain into urban and rural areas. Thus the 19 domains were stratified into a total of 38 sampling strata. Samples were selected independently in every stratum, by a two stage selection. Implicit stratifications were achieved at each of the lower geographical or administrative levels by sorting the sampling frame according to the geographical/administrative order and by using a probability proportional to size selection at the first stage of selection.

In the first stage, 557 villages were selected with probability proportional to village size. Village size is the number of households residing in the village. Some of the largest villages were further divided into enumeration areas (EA). Thus, the 557 CDHS clusters are either a village or an EA. A listing of all the households was carried out in each of the 557 selected villages during the months of February-April 2005. Listing teams also drew fresh maps delineating village boundaries and identifying all households. These maps and lists were used by field teams during data collection.

The household listings provided the frame from which the selection of household was drawn in the second stage. To ensure a sample size large enough to calculate reliable estimates for all the desired study domains, it was necessary to control the total number of households drawn. This was done by selecting 24 households in every urban EA, and 28 households in every rural EA. The resulting oversampling of small areas and urban areas is corrected by applying sampling weights to the data, which ensures the validity of the sample for all 38 strata (urban/rural, and 19 domains).

All women age 15-49 years who were either usual residents of the selected households or visitors present in the household on the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. In addition, in a subsample of every second household selected for the survey, all men age 15-49 were eligible to be interviewed (if they were either usual residents of the selected households or visitors present in the household on the night before the survey). The minimum sample size is larger for women than men because complex indicators (such as total fertility and infant and child mortality rates) require larger sample sizes to achieve sampling errors of reasonable size, and these data come from interviews with women.

In the 50 percent subsample, all men and women eligible for the individual interview were also eligible for HIV testing. In addition, in this subsample of households all women eligible for interview and all children under the age of five were eligible for anemia testing. These same women and children were also eligible for height and weight measurement to determine their nutritional status. Women in this same subsample were also eligible to be interviewed with the cause of death module, applicable to women with a child born since January 2002.

The 50 percent subsample not eligible for the man interview was further divided into half, resulting in one-quarter subsamples. In one-quarter subsample all women age 15-49 were eligible for the woman's status module in addition to the main interview. In this same one-quarter subsample, one woman per household was eligible for the domestic violence module. In the other one-quarter subsample, women were not eligible for the woman's status module, nor the domestic violence module.

NOTE: See detailed description of the sample design in APPENDIX A of tthe survey report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Three questionnaires were used: the Household Questionnaire, Woman Questionnaire, and Man Questionnaire. The content of these questionnaires was based on model questionnaires developed by the MEASURE DHS project. Technical meetings between experts and representatives of the Cambodian government and national and international organizations were held to discuss the content of the questionnaires. Inputs generated by these meetings were used to modify the model questionnaires to reflect the needs of users and relevant population, family planning, and health issues in Cambodia. Final questionnaires were translated from English to Khmer and a great deal of refinement to the translation was accomplished during the pretest of the questionnaires.

The Household Questionnaire served multiple purposes: - It was used to list all of the usual members and visitors in the selected households and was the vehicle for identifying women and men who were eligible for the individual interview. - It collected basic information on the characteristics of each person listed, including age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. - It collected information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit, ownership of various durable goods, ownership and use of mosquito nets, and testing of salt for iodine content. - It collected anthropometric (height and weight) measurements and hemoglobin levels. - It was used to register people eligible for collection of samples for later HIV testing. - It had a module on recent illness or death. - It had a module on utilization of health services.

The Women’s Questionnaire covered a wide variety of topics divided into 13 sections: - Respondent Background - Reproduction, including an abortion module - Family Planning - Pregnancy Postnatal Care and Children’s Nutrition - Immunization Health and Women’s Nutrition - Cause of Death of Children (also known as Verbal Autopsy) - Marriage and Sexual Activity - Fertility Preferences - Husband’s Background and Woman’s Work - HIV AIDS and Other

Cambodia Population: Census: Urban data was reported at 7,172,206.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 6,135,194.000 Person for 2019. Cambodia Population: Census: Urban data is updated yearly, averaging 2,614,027.000 Person from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,172,206.000 Person in 2024 and a record low of 1,795,575.000 Person in 1998. Cambodia Population: Census: Urban data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Institute of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.G002: Population: Census.

Cambodia Population Distribution: Urban: Married data was reported at 60.000 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 63.300 % for 2020. Cambodia Population Distribution: Urban: Married data is updated yearly, averaging 61.650 % from Jun 2020 (Median) to 2021, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 63.300 % in 2020 and a record low of 60.000 % in 2021. Cambodia Population Distribution: Urban: Married data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Institute of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.G001: Population: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES).

Population, female (% of total population) in Cambodia was reported at 51 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Cambodia - Population, female (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Cambodia KH: Population: Male: Ages 25-29: % of Male Population data was reported at 7.711 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.013 % for 2022. Cambodia KH: Population: Male: Ages 25-29: % of Male Population data is updated yearly, averaging 7.556 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.689 % in 1993 and a record low of 5.939 % in 1978. Cambodia KH: Population: Male: Ages 25-29: % of Male Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Male population between the ages 25 to 29 as a percentage of the total male population.;United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2024 Revision.;;

Cambodia KH: Women Who were First Married by Age 18: % of Women Aged 20-24 data was reported at 17.900 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 18.500 % for 2014. Cambodia KH: Women Who were First Married by Age 18: % of Women Aged 20-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 18.500 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24.800 % in 2000 and a record low of 17.900 % in 2022. Cambodia KH: Women Who were First Married by Age 18: % of Women Aged 20-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Women who were first married by age 18 refers to the percentage of women ages 20-24 who were first married by age 18.;UNICEF Data; Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), AIDS Indicator Surveys(AIS), Reproductive Health Survey(RHS), and other household surveys.;;This is the Sustainable Development Goal indicator 5.3.1[https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/].

Population ages 15-64, total in Cambodia was reported at 11296444 Persons in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Cambodia - Population ages 15-64, total - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.