Cambodia KH: Literacy Rate: Adult Female: % of Females Aged 15 and Above data was reported at 79.650 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 63.641 % for 2021. Cambodia KH: Literacy Rate: Adult Female: % of Females Aged 15 and Above data is updated yearly, averaging 69.500 % from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2022, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 79.650 % in 2022 and a record low of 57.000 % in 1998. Cambodia KH: Literacy Rate: Adult Female: % of Females Aged 15 and Above data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.World Bank.WDI: Social: Education Statistics. Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.;Weighted average;

Cambodia KH: Literacy Rate: Adult Male: % of Males Aged 15 and Above data was reported at 88.130 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 81.474 % for 2021. Cambodia KH: Literacy Rate: Adult Male: % of Males Aged 15 and Above data is updated yearly, averaging 85.000 % from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2022, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 88.130 % in 2022 and a record low of 79.000 % in 1998. Cambodia KH: Literacy Rate: Adult Male: % of Males Aged 15 and Above data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.World Bank.WDI: Social: Education Statistics. Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.;Weighted average;

Adult literacy rate of Cambodia rocketed by 16.48% from 71.9 % in 2021 to 83.8 % in 2022. Since the 1.30% reduction in 2009, adult literacy rate surged by 10.24% in 2022. Adult (15+) literacy rate (%). Total is the percentage of the population age 15 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life. Generally, ‘literacy’ also encompasses ‘numeracy’, the ability to make simple arithmetic calculations. This indicator is calculated by dividing the number of literates aged 15 years and over by the corresponding age group population and multiplying the result by 100.

Historical dataset showing Cambodia literacy rate by year from 1998 to 2022.

Cambodia KH: Literacy Rate: Youth: % of People Age 15-24 data was reported at 95.970 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 91.832 % for 2021. Cambodia KH: Literacy Rate: Youth: % of People Age 15-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 87.000 % from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2022, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 95.970 % in 2022 and a record low of 76.000 % in 1998. Cambodia KH: Literacy Rate: Youth: % of People Age 15-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.World Bank.WDI: Social: Education Statistics. Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.;Weighted average;

This table presents the adult literacy rates in Cambodia for individuals aged 15 and above, disaggregated by sex and age groups for the years 2019 and 2024. Overall, the data shows consistently higher literacy rates among younger age groups and males. While literacy rates remain high for the 15–24 age groups, a slight decline is observed in the overall and female literacy rates in 2024, particularly among the 60+ age group. This may reflect ongoing generational shifts in education access and gender disparities in historical literacy attainment.

The adult literacy rate is the share of the population aged 15 years and older who can both read and write a simple message in any language. The adult literacy rate for 2021 was estimated about 85 percent overall, 80 and 90 percent for women and men respectively. The adult literacy rate has increased with about percentage points since 2015.

This vector dataset provides the literacy rate in Cambodia in 2008, as given by the Cambodian Demographic Census 2008 (Ministry of Planning, National Institute of Statistics). Dataset were provided to Open Development Cambodia (ODC) in vector format by Save Cambodia's Wildlife's Atlas Working Group.

Adult literacy rate of Cambodia slumped by 12.92% from 82.60 % in 2020 to 71.93 % in 2021. Since the 8.85% surge in 2019, adult literacy rate sank by 17.94% in 2021. Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life.

Cambodia KH: Literacy Rate: Youth Female: % of Females Aged 15-24 data was reported at 96.510 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 93.506 % for 2021. Cambodia KH: Literacy Rate: Youth Female: % of Females Aged 15-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 86.000 % from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2022, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 96.510 % in 2022 and a record low of 54.670 % in 2000. Cambodia KH: Literacy Rate: Youth Female: % of Females Aged 15-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.World Bank.WDI: Social: Education Statistics. Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.;Weighted average;

The average for 2021 based on 4 countries was 97.6 percent. The highest value was in Singapore: 100 percent and the lowest value was in Cambodia: 91.83 percent. The indicator is available from 1970 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

71.93 (%) in 2021. Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life.

Cambodia KH: Gender Parity Index (GPI): Literacy Rate: Youth Aged 15-24 data was reported at 1.011 Ratio in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.034 Ratio for 2021. Cambodia KH: Gender Parity Index (GPI): Literacy Rate: Youth Aged 15-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 1.000 Ratio from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2022, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.034 Ratio in 2021 and a record low of 0.673 Ratio in 2005. Cambodia KH: Gender Parity Index (GPI): Literacy Rate: Youth Aged 15-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.World Bank.WDI: Social: Education Statistics. Gender parity index for youth literacy rate is the ratio of females to males ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.;Weighted average;

This table displays the percentage distribution of literacy status among internal migrants aged 7 years and older in Cambodia as of 2024, across different age groups. The data breaks down the proportion of illiterate vs. literate migrants, illustrating how literacy varies by age cohort. Younger migrants generally have much higher literacy rates (e.g. 9-14 years at 96.8% literate), while literacy drops considerably in the oldest age groups (e.g. 75+ years, 64.2% literate).

This table presents literacy trends among Cambodia’s population aged 7 years and older across urban and rural areas for the years 2019 and 2024. While Khmer remains the dominant language of literacy, the data reveals a growing share of individuals—especially urban males and females—becoming bilingual in Khmer and English or other languages. Between 2019 and 2024, Khmer-only literacy has declined, while multilingual literacy has risen, reflecting educational diversification and increasing exposure to foreign languages.

The report highlights trends and commonalities among existing digital literacy and security initiatives in Cambodia, best practices for training initiatives, and gaps in CSO digital capacity. Based on these findings, the report concludes with actionable recommendations for specific stakeholders, including USAID and other funders, ISAC and other training providers.

Abstract

This paper provides results from the randomized control trial project, Promoting Development and Home Reading of Supplementary Texts for Young Readers in Cambodia. One control and three treatment groups were assessed on how literacy and reading habits changed when households were provided a variety of high-quality and low-cost early reading materials along with varying degrees of encouragement toward building better reading habits. The findings show that providing books in isolation was not enough. Rather, books in conjunction with a network of reading supports was found to be an effective means to boost reading outcomes, including reading proficiency measures, frequency of reading, and attitudes toward reading. The results highlight the need for at-home reading materials in poor households as an integral step to improve early reading.

Geographic coverage

Kampong Thom Province and Battambang provinces.

Analysis unit

Child

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Two questionnaires (caregiver and child were used to collect the survey data. Caregiver and child questionnaires have sets of common questions in across the different visits (baseline, house visit 2, house visit 3, and endline visit). However, there are some differences depending on the type of visits. There are two types of differences:

1. Unique questions which are asked in one of the visits, but not in the others. This is because as the time passed the questions to be asked needed to be complemented or were irrelevant.

2. Differences in how the question stems were formulated. This is due to the different timing of the visits when the time passed had to be accounted for. For example, in many cases the questions in the subsequent visits had phrases like “since I last saw you” or “in the last six months”.

This project will empower members of informal economies like women and indigenous peoples (IPs) with enhanced digital rights, budget literacy, and policy training to understand the policies regulating Cambodia's private sector. A better understanding of the legislation will help members of informal economies to start their businesses.

Abstract

The Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey, 2004 was designed not only to obtain the much-needed demographic data following the census, but also to serve as a means to train the staff of the NIS and Provincial Planning Offices in demographic data collection.

There are plans to produce in-depth studies on fertility, mortality, migration, literacy and education, labour force, housing and household amenities, and population projections based on the results of the survey.

The Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey 2004 (CIPS) is a nationally representative sample survey taken between two censuses, the 1998 census and the proposed 2008 census, in order to update information on population size and growth and other population characteristics as well as household facilities and amenities. Due to the national elections and administrative issues, the CIPS was undertaken in March 2004 instead of 2003, which would have been the five-year midpoint between the 1998 and 2008 censuses.

The conduct of the CIPS 2004 is an important step in the creation of a continuous flow of data that will allow Cambodia to prepare plans and programmes supported by a strong database.

The Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey 2004 was conducted with the objective of providing information on the following indicators: - Sex, age and marital status - Births and Deaths - Migration status - Literacy/Educational level - Economic characteristics - Housing and household amenities - Other population and household information

These fresh data will allow for calculations and reliable projections of: - Population size and growth - Fertility - Mortality - Migration

The survey was also intended to train the national staff in sampling, data collection, data processing, analysis and dissemination.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Individual, Household

Universe

All Population and housing for all regular households in Cambodia excluding special settlements and institutional households.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design for the CIPS 2004 is a three-stage stratified cluster sampling design, it is a probability sample selection of 100 percent of the Cambodian villages coverage areas, the survey covered only regular households and excludes special settlements and institutional households.

The CIPS 2004 was conducted in a nationwide representative sample of 21,000 households within selected 700 villages (primary sampling units) out of 13,886 villages in Cambodia. The 700 villages were selected from updated frame (list of villages for Cambodia).

The General Population Census 1998 databases of the National Institute of Statistics together with the new updated list of villages that were excluded in the general population census of 1998 was used as the sampling frame for the sampling design of the CIPS 2004.

The frame has the following identification particulars: 1- Province code 2- Province name 3- District code 4- District name 5- Commune code 6- Commune name 7- Village Code 8- Village name 9- Size of village (number of households) 10- Area code (1 = Urban, 2 = Rural)

A three-stage sample design has been used for the CIPS. In the first stage a sample of villages was selected. The villages were implicitly stratified into 45 strata (21 provinces each with rural/urban strata i.e. 42 strata plus 3 provinces each totally urban, i.e. 3 urban strata). The villages were selected using linear systematic sampling with probabilities proportionate to size (PPS). The size measure used for the selection was number of households in the village according to the 1998 Census with estimation for a few additional villages not in the 1998 census frame.

In the second stage one Census Enumeration Area was selected randomly (in the head office) in each selected PSU. At the beginning of the fieldwork all households in the EA were listed. A systematic sample of 30 non-vacant households was selected as the third stage of selection.

The listing of households in the EA would become cumbersome if there are many households in the EA. This might be the case when the enumeration area had grown substantially since the census. When the EA was large (population wise) the interviewer was instructed to split the EA into two or more approximately equal-sized segments and to select one segment randomly. All households in the selected segment were listed. Out of the 700 Sample PSUs, 598 were from the rural super stratum and the remaining 102 were from the urban super stratum. For more information on sampling for the survey the general report at national level may be referred to.

Note: All provincial headquarters were treated as urban. In the case of Sihanoukville, Kep and Pailin, the entire province was treated as urban. In Phnom Penh province, the four districts of Doun Penh, Chamkar Mon, 7 Makara and Tuol Kouk were classified as urban. All the remaining areas of the country were rural. Further, urban and rural areas are being reclassified in Cambodia. While these reclassifications have already been drafted, they have not yet been approved by the Royal Government of Cambodia. Upon endorsement and adoption, the new classifications will be used in future census/surveys.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The draft questionnaires for the CIPS 2004 were more or less on the 1998 General Census pattern. Some modifications, however, were made by adding new questions on

(i) Whether children aged 0-14 living with own mother (ii) Whether a person's mother is alive and (iii) Details of deaths in households in the last one year with focus on maternal mortality.

Questions mentioned at (i) and (ii) were intended respectively to estimate fertility (by application of own child method) and mortality (by application of orphan hood method). The questions to be included were carefully considered by a Working Group of Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey 2004, whose members were mostly from Ministries, NGOs and International Agencies. The Questionnaires were tested twice in the field (both urban and rural) by NIS staff in November 2003. The purpose of the pre-test was to have a full-dressed rehearsal of the whole process and particularly to test the questions in the field so as to make corrections in wording or definitions and to estimate the time taken for enumeration area mapping, house listing, sampling and enumeration of selected household. Based on the pre-test experience the questionnaires were modified and finalized.

Two types of questionnaires were used in the CIPS 2004: Form A House-list and Form B Household Questionnaire.

The Form A was used to collect information on buildings containing one or more households during the preliminary round preceding survey night (March 3, 2004). The information collected related to: construction material of wall, roof and floor, whether it is a wholly or partly residential building, number of households within the building, name and sex of head of household and number of persons usually living in the household.

The Form B, which has five parts, was used for survey enumeration in the period closely following the reference time.

In Part I, information on usual members of the selected household present on survey night, visitors present as well as usual members absent on survey night, was collected.

Part II was used to collect information on each usual member of the household and each visitor present on survey night. The information collected included: full name, relationship to household head, sex, age, natural mother, child aged 0-14 living with own mother, marital status, age at first marriage, mother tongue, religion, place of birth, previous residence, duration of stay, reason for migration, literacy, full time education and economic characteristics.

Part III was used to collect information on females of reproductive age (15-49) as well as children born to these women.

The information collected in part IV related to household conditions and facilities: main source of light, main cooking fuel used, whether toilet facility is available, main source of drinking water and number of living rooms occupied by household.

Part V was used to record the following information in respect of deaths in the household within the last one year:- name of deceased, sex, relationship to head of household, age at death, whether the death has been registered with the civil authorities or not, the cause of death and maternal mortality information.

Cleaning operations

The completed records (Forms A, Form B, Form I, Form II, Map, and other Forms) were systematically collected from the provinces by NIS Survey Coordinators on the due date and submitted to the team receptionist at NIS. NIS Survey Coordinators formed into three teams of two persons were trained during March 7-10 to receive and arrange the completed forms and maps for processing after due checking form the field. Control forms were prescribed by DUC to record every form without any omission. These records were carefully checked, registered and stored in the record room. Editing and coding of the questionnaires were done manually, after which the questionnaires were submitted to the computer section for further processing. The instruction for editing and coding were revised and expanded. Training on editing and coding was conducted for senior staff, who in turn had to train other editors and coders.

The purpose of the editing process was to remove matters of obvious inconsistency, incorrectness and incompleteness, and to improve the quality of data collected. Coding had to be done very carefully in

This study was designed to analyze the primary education Priority Action Program (PAP 2.1) in Cambodia. Weaknesses in Cambodia's public expenditure management system including the difficulty in channeling funds down to service providers have resulted in costly inefficiencies in improving social welfare outcomes. In response to these problems, in 2000 the Royal Government of Cambodia started the Priority Action Program (PAP). PAP education was launched in 10 provinces in 2000 and expanded to cover all provinces in 2001. The primary education Priority Action Program (PAP 2.1) provides for schools' operational budgets and accounts for over one quarter of the entire PAP budget in education. PAP 2.1 funds are to be used to support start-of-the-year operational costs as well as day-to-day school operations. PAP 2.1 funds are intended to cover small expenditures on basic teaching materials, sports, school environment improvements and other small spending items primary schools usually incur. The fixed grant component is expected to be disbursed first in any given budget year so as to allow schools to purchase teaching materials and carry out the school opening ceremony at the beginning of each school year (October). The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of PAP 2.1 in terms of providing resources to Cambodian schools in a timely and predictable manner, making sure those resources are used as intended. In addition to issues of efficiency (resource flow and use), Cambodia PETS in Primary Education examines equity in the allocation of PAP 2.1. resources and the impact on student outcomes. Moreover, this study analyzed the flow and use of Chapter 11 funds in the regular budget system, and compared them with PAP 2.1 funds. Chapter 11 funds are intended for general operational and maintenance expenditure. The Cambodia Public Expenditure Tracking Survey in Primary Education is a complex survey involving the Provincial Treasuries (PT), Provincial Education Offices (PEOs), District Education Offices (DEOs), school directors, parents and students. The survey covered a random sample of 200 primary schools in 21 districts and 7 provinces. Also, randomly selected 20 Grade 4 students and 20 Grade 6 students were tested in numeracy and literacy skills.