Cambodia Population: Census: Urban data was reported at 7,172,206.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 6,135,194.000 Person for 2019. Cambodia Population: Census: Urban data is updated yearly, averaging 2,614,027.000 Person from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,172,206.000 Person in 2024 and a record low of 1,795,575.000 Person in 1998. Cambodia Population: Census: Urban data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Institute of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.G002: Population: Census.

Analysis unit

Persons, households, and dwellings

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: yes - Vacant Units: no - Households: yes - Individuals: yes - Group quarters: yes

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Dwellings: A building is generally a single structure on the ground. It is covered by a roof and usually enclosed within external walls or with common dividing walls with adjacent buildings. In some areas the very nature of construction of houses is such that there may not be any wall. For example a conical roof almost touches the ground and an entrance is also provided and there will not be any wall as such. Such structures should be treated as buildings. - Households: A household is a group of persons who commonly live together and would take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevented any of them from doing so. - Group quarters: An institutional household is a household of unrelated persons like boarding houses, messes, hostels, residential hotels, rescues homes, jails, pagodas etc. It should be noted that if a group of persons who are unrelated to each other live in a building/structure, but do not have their meals from a common kitchen, then they would not constitute an Institutional household.

Universe

Persons living in boats which are on the move are referred to as boat population. Transient population includes the following: (i) persons who stayed on Census Night in airports, railway stations, bus stands, harbours, ferries and in carts (as travellers) (ii) nomadic population who camped on Census Night in a village (iii) persons who on Census Night stayed in ships within the Cambodian territorial waters and (iv) persons who stayed on Census Night at international border posts.

Kind of data

Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 1141254.

SAMPLE DESIGN: Stratified systematic sample. Persons living in boats which are on the move are referred to as boat population. Transient population includes the following: (i) persons who stayed on Census Night in airports, railway stations, bus stands, harbours, ferries and in carts (as travellers) (ii) nomadic population who camped on Census Night in a village (iii) persons who on Census Night stayed in ships within the Cambodian territorial waters and (iv) persons who stayed on Census Night at international border posts.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Form A: Houselist and Form B: Household Questionnaire. The latter for the information used here.

Cambodia Population: Census: Urban: Male data was reported at 3,503,507.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,993,339.000 Person for 2019. Cambodia Population: Census: Urban: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 1,391,524.500 Person from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2024, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,503,507.000 Person in 2024 and a record low of 878,186.000 Person in 1998. Cambodia Population: Census: Urban: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Institute of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.G002: Population: Census.

Cambodia Population Distribution: Single data was reported at 27.300 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 26.500 % for 2020. Cambodia Population Distribution: Single data is updated yearly, averaging 26.900 % from Jun 2020 (Median) to 2021, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 27.300 % in 2021 and a record low of 26.500 % in 2020. Cambodia Population Distribution: Single data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Institute of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.G001: Population: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES).

Abstract

The Cambodia Inter-censal Population Survey, 2013 was conducted with the following objectives:

i. To strengthen the capacity of the staff of NIS and the provincial and district staff in demographic data collection; and

ii. To provide information to government and data users on population and household characteristics such as household size, age, sex, marital status, literacy and educational characteristics, economic characteristics, fertility, mortality and migration as well as housing and household characteristics and amenities. This should be useful to the government to evaluate the Rectangular Strategy Plan in achieving its intended goals. It will help outline priority goals and strategies to reduce poverty rapidly, and develop Cambodia Millennium Development Goals (CMDG’s) and other Socioeconomic Development Goals. It will also be useful to the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) in improving data availability and accessibility and in utilization of data until the 2018 census information is made available.

Geographic coverage

National Provincial

Analysis unit

Units of Analysis: 1. Individual 2. Household 3. Province

Universe

Population and housing units of all regular households in Cambodia excluding special settlements and institutional households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The draft questionnaires for the CIPS 2013 were more or less on the 2008 General Census pattern. Some modifications, however, were made by adding new questions on

(i) whether children aged 0-14 living with own mother (ii) whether a person's mother is alive and (iii) details of deaths in households in the last one year with focus on maternal mortality.

Questions mentioned at (i) and (ii) were intended respectively to estimate fertility (by application of own child method) and mortality (by application of orphan hood method). The questions to be included were carefully considered by a Working Group of Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey 2013, whose members were mostly from Ministries, NGOs and International Agencies. The Questionnaires were tested twice in the field (both urban and rural) by NIS staff in November 2012. The purpose of the pre-test was to have a full-dressed rehearsal of the whole process and particularly to test the questions in the field so as to make corrections in wording or definitions and to estimate the time taken for enumeration area mapping, house listing, sampling and enumeration of selected household. Based on the pre-test experience the questionnaires were modified and finalized.

Two types of questionnaires were used in the CIPS 2013: Form A House-list and Form B Household Questionnaire.

The Form A was used to collect information on buildings containing one or more households during the preliminary round preceding survey night (March 3, 2013). The information collected related to: construction material of wall, roof and floor, whether it is a wholly or partly residential building, number of households within the building, name and sex of head of household and number of persons usually living in the household.

The Form B, which has five parts, was used for survey enumeration in the period closely following the reference time.

In Part I, information on usual members of the selected household present on survey night, visitors present as well as usual members absent on survey night, was collected.

Part II was used to collect information on each usual member of the household and each visitor present on survey night. The information collected included: full name, relationship to household head, sex, age, natural mother, child aged 0-14 living with own mother, marital status, age at first marriage, mother tongue, religion, place of birth, previous residence, duration of stay, reason for migration, literacy, full time education and economic characteristics.

Part III was used to collect information on females of reproductive age (15-49) as well as children born to these women.

The information collected in part IV related to household conditions and facilities: main source of light, main cooking fuel used, whether toilet facility is available, main source of drinking water and number of living rooms occupied by household.

Part V was used to record the following information in respect of deaths in the household within the last one year:- name of deceased, sex, relationship to head of household, age at death, whether the death has been registered with the civil authorities or not, the cause of death and maternal mortality information.

Cleaning operations

The completed records (Forms A, Form B, Form I, Form II, Map, and other Forms) were systematically collected from the provinces by NIS Survey Coordinators on the due date and submitted to the team receptionist at NIS. NIS Survey Coordinators formed into three teams of two persons were trained from March 7 to 10 to receive and arrange the completed forms and maps for processing after due checking form the field.

Control forms were prescribed by DUC to record every form without any omission. These records were carefully checked, registered and stored in the record room. Editing and coding of the questionnaires were done manually, after which the questionnaires were submitted to the computer section for further processing.

The instruction for editing and coding were revised and expanded. Training on editing and coding was conducted for senior staff, who in turn had to train other editors and coders. The purpose of the editing process was to remove matters of obvious inconsistency, incorrectness and incompleteness, and to improve the quality of data collected. Coding had to be done very carefully in respect of birthplace and previous place of residence by using the district and province codes, and occupation and industry by using the UN International Standard Classification of Occupation (ISCO) and the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) respectively. For these purposes, NIS utilized staff with sound knowledge and experience of the survey and its concepts. Those who worked as trainers or supervisors were put on this job supplemented by well-trained and tested staff. Editing and Coding was done by two teams (each with six editors and one team leader); so that one of the editors who was trained specifically in occupation/industry coding should do that coding for columns 20 and 22 of part 2 household questionnaire. The work of team members was completely checked by the Team leaders. The training on editing and coding was done from 23 to 26 March. The manual processing commenced on March 29 and was completely done by the end of May 2013.

Response rate

Response rate is 95 per cent.

Sampling error estimates

Calculations of sampling errors have been made for some estimates of totals, means and proportions for variables in Form B (annex 3).

The software used for the calculations is STATA 8.0. For the calculations presented here we have assumed that stratification was done on provinces and urban/rural (an implicit57 stratification on province and urban/rural was used for the sample selection).

In seven of the 45 strata there are only one PSU (EA) selected. This causes a problem for the standard error calculations. It is not possible get standard errors in these strata. In these strata we have split the sole EA in two parts and defined the parts as two PSUs.

The standard errors are generally rather small for estimates for major domains like urban/rural and men/women. The coefficients of variation (CV)1 are below 1% in many cases. The coefficients of variation are substantially higher for provincial estimates, especially for provinces with a small sample (e.g. province19). Design effects (Deff) have been calculated for some estimates. They are, as expected, quite low for estimates of demographic characteristics. They are considerably higher for estimates of socio-economic characteristics like employment status (also as expected). For the demographic characteristics "age at first marriage" and "marital status" we find design effects below 5 for major domains like men/women and urban/rural. The socio-economic characteristics are typically more "clustered" than the demographic characteristics, this shows up in generally higher design effects. For the major domain estimates we find design effects up to 20 and occasionally very high values of 200 or more. These "freak" values occur when the sample in terms of number of PSUs is small and when the PSU averages (or proportions) show large variation. One example is the design effect of 285 for the estimate of proportion of government employees in urban areas. The proportion is varying substantially between the 102 PSUs in the domain, the range is from 0 % to75%.

Abstract

The Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey, 2004 was designed not only to obtain the much-needed demographic data following the census, but also to serve as a means to train the staff of the NIS and Provincial Planning Offices in demographic data collection.

There are plans to produce in-depth studies on fertility, mortality, migration, literacy and education, labour force, housing and household amenities, and population projections based on the results of the survey.

The Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey 2004 (CIPS) is a nationally representative sample survey taken between two censuses, the 1998 census and the proposed 2008 census, in order to update information on population size and growth and other population characteristics as well as household facilities and amenities. Due to the national elections and administrative issues, the CIPS was undertaken in March 2004 instead of 2003, which would have been the five-year midpoint between the 1998 and 2008 censuses.

The conduct of the CIPS 2004 is an important step in the creation of a continuous flow of data that will allow Cambodia to prepare plans and programmes supported by a strong database.

The Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey 2004 was conducted with the objective of providing information on the following indicators: - Sex, age and marital status - Births and Deaths - Migration status - Literacy/Educational level - Economic characteristics - Housing and household amenities - Other population and household information

These fresh data will allow for calculations and reliable projections of: - Population size and growth - Fertility - Mortality - Migration

The survey was also intended to train the national staff in sampling, data collection, data processing, analysis and dissemination.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Individual, Household

Universe

All Population and housing for all regular households in Cambodia excluding special settlements and institutional households.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design for the CIPS 2004 is a three-stage stratified cluster sampling design, it is a probability sample selection of 100 percent of the Cambodian villages coverage areas, the survey covered only regular households and excludes special settlements and institutional households.

The CIPS 2004 was conducted in a nationwide representative sample of 21,000 households within selected 700 villages (primary sampling units) out of 13,886 villages in Cambodia. The 700 villages were selected from updated frame (list of villages for Cambodia).

The General Population Census 1998 databases of the National Institute of Statistics together with the new updated list of villages that were excluded in the general population census of 1998 was used as the sampling frame for the sampling design of the CIPS 2004.

The frame has the following identification particulars: 1- Province code 2- Province name 3- District code 4- District name 5- Commune code 6- Commune name 7- Village Code 8- Village name 9- Size of village (number of households) 10- Area code (1 = Urban, 2 = Rural)

A three-stage sample design has been used for the CIPS. In the first stage a sample of villages was selected. The villages were implicitly stratified into 45 strata (21 provinces each with rural/urban strata i.e. 42 strata plus 3 provinces each totally urban, i.e. 3 urban strata). The villages were selected using linear systematic sampling with probabilities proportionate to size (PPS). The size measure used for the selection was number of households in the village according to the 1998 Census with estimation for a few additional villages not in the 1998 census frame.

In the second stage one Census Enumeration Area was selected randomly (in the head office) in each selected PSU. At the beginning of the fieldwork all households in the EA were listed. A systematic sample of 30 non-vacant households was selected as the third stage of selection.

The listing of households in the EA would become cumbersome if there are many households in the EA. This might be the case when the enumeration area had grown substantially since the census. When the EA was large (population wise) the interviewer was instructed to split the EA into two or more approximately equal-sized segments and to select one segment randomly. All households in the selected segment were listed. Out of the 700 Sample PSUs, 598 were from the rural super stratum and the remaining 102 were from the urban super stratum. For more information on sampling for the survey the general report at national level may be referred to.

Note: All provincial headquarters were treated as urban. In the case of Sihanoukville, Kep and Pailin, the entire province was treated as urban. In Phnom Penh province, the four districts of Doun Penh, Chamkar Mon, 7 Makara and Tuol Kouk were classified as urban. All the remaining areas of the country were rural. Further, urban and rural areas are being reclassified in Cambodia. While these reclassifications have already been drafted, they have not yet been approved by the Royal Government of Cambodia. Upon endorsement and adoption, the new classifications will be used in future census/surveys.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The draft questionnaires for the CIPS 2004 were more or less on the 1998 General Census pattern. Some modifications, however, were made by adding new questions on

(i) Whether children aged 0-14 living with own mother (ii) Whether a person's mother is alive and (iii) Details of deaths in households in the last one year with focus on maternal mortality.

Questions mentioned at (i) and (ii) were intended respectively to estimate fertility (by application of own child method) and mortality (by application of orphan hood method). The questions to be included were carefully considered by a Working Group of Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey 2004, whose members were mostly from Ministries, NGOs and International Agencies. The Questionnaires were tested twice in the field (both urban and rural) by NIS staff in November 2003. The purpose of the pre-test was to have a full-dressed rehearsal of the whole process and particularly to test the questions in the field so as to make corrections in wording or definitions and to estimate the time taken for enumeration area mapping, house listing, sampling and enumeration of selected household. Based on the pre-test experience the questionnaires were modified and finalized.

Two types of questionnaires were used in the CIPS 2004: Form A House-list and Form B Household Questionnaire.

The Form A was used to collect information on buildings containing one or more households during the preliminary round preceding survey night (March 3, 2004). The information collected related to: construction material of wall, roof and floor, whether it is a wholly or partly residential building, number of households within the building, name and sex of head of household and number of persons usually living in the household.

The Form B, which has five parts, was used for survey enumeration in the period closely following the reference time.

In Part I, information on usual members of the selected household present on survey night, visitors present as well as usual members absent on survey night, was collected.

Part II was used to collect information on each usual member of the household and each visitor present on survey night. The information collected included: full name, relationship to household head, sex, age, natural mother, child aged 0-14 living with own mother, marital status, age at first marriage, mother tongue, religion, place of birth, previous residence, duration of stay, reason for migration, literacy, full time education and economic characteristics.

Part III was used to collect information on females of reproductive age (15-49) as well as children born to these women.

The information collected in part IV related to household conditions and facilities: main source of light, main cooking fuel used, whether toilet facility is available, main source of drinking water and number of living rooms occupied by household.

Part V was used to record the following information in respect of deaths in the household within the last one year:- name of deceased, sex, relationship to head of household, age at death, whether the death has been registered with the civil authorities or not, the cause of death and maternal mortality information.

Cleaning operations

The completed records (Forms A, Form B, Form I, Form II, Map, and other Forms) were systematically collected from the provinces by NIS Survey Coordinators on the due date and submitted to the team receptionist at NIS. NIS Survey Coordinators formed into three teams of two persons were trained during March 7-10 to receive and arrange the completed forms and maps for processing after due checking form the field. Control forms were prescribed by DUC to record every form without any omission. These records were carefully checked, registered and stored in the record room. Editing and coding of the questionnaires were done manually, after which the questionnaires were submitted to the computer section for further processing. The instruction for editing and coding were revised and expanded. Training on editing and coding was conducted for senior staff, who in turn had to train other editors and coders.

The purpose of the editing process was to remove matters of obvious inconsistency, incorrectness and incompleteness, and to improve the quality of data collected. Coding had to be done very carefully in

Cambodian Population by Mother Tongue outlines the total population along with the percentage of the entire population by their first language.

Abstract

The 2021-22 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (2021-22 CDHS) was implemented by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MoH). Data collection took place from September 15, 2021, to February 15, 2022.

The primary objective of the 2021-22 CDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators. Specifically, the survey collected information on fertility, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutritional status of women and children, maternal and child health, adult and childhood mortality, women’s empowerment, domestic violence, awareness and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and other health-related issues such as smoking.

The information collected through the 2021-22 CDHS is intended to assist policymakers and program managers in evaluating and designing programs and strategies for improving the health of Cambodia’s population. The survey also provides data on indicators relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Cambodia.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49
• Man age 15 to 49

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49, all men age 15-49, and all children aged 0-4 resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Four questionnaires were used in the 2021-22 CDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Man’s Questionnaire, and the Biomarker Questionnaire. The questionnaires, based on The DHS Program’s model questionnaires, were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Cambodia. In addition, a self-administered Fieldworker Questionnaire collected information about the survey’s fieldworkers.

Cleaning operations

The processing of the 2021-22 CDHS data began as soon as the fieldwork started. When data collection was completed in each cluster, the electronic data files were transferred via the IFSS to the NIS central office in Phnom Penh. The data files were registered and checked for inconsistencies, incompleteness, and outliers. Errors and inconsistencies were communicated to the field teams for review and correction. Secondary editing, done by NIS data processors, was carried out in the central office and included resolving inconsistencies and coding open-ended questions. The paper Biomarker Questionnaires were collected by field coordinators and then compared with the electronic data files to assess whether any inconsistencies arose during data entry. Data processing and editing were carried out using the CSPro software package. The concurrent data collection and processing offered an advantage because it maximized the likelihood of the data being error-free. Timely generation of field check tables allowed for effective monitoring. The secondary editing of the data was completed in March 2022.

Response rate

A total of 21,270 households were selected for the CDHS sample, of which 20,967 were found to be occupied. Of the occupied households, 20,806 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 99%. In the interviewed households, 19,845 women age 15-49 were identified as eligible for individual interviews. Interviews were completed with 19,496 women, yielding a response rate of 98%. In the subsample of households selected for the male survey, 9,079 men age 15-49 were identified as eligible for individual interviews and 8,825 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 97%.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1) nonsampling errors and (2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are errors that were made during data collection and data processing such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions by either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2021-22 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to eliminate completely and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2021-22 CDHS is only one of many possible samples that could have been selected from the same population, using exactly the same design. Each of those samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95% of all possible samples of identical size and design.

If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2021-22 CDHS sample was the result of a multistage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulas. The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the 2021-22 CDHS was an SAS program. This program used the Taylor linearization method for estimate variances for survey estimates that are means or proportions. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

A more detailed description of estimates of sampling errors are presented in APPENDIX B of the survey report.

Data appraisal

Data Quality Tables

• Household age distribution
• Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
• Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men
• Age displacement at age 14/15
• Age displacement at age 49/50
• Pregnancy outcomes by years preceding the survey
• Completeness of reporting
• Height and weight data completeness and quality for children
• Height measurements from random subsample of measured children
• Interference in height and weight measurements of children
• Interference in height and weight measurements of women
• Heaping in anthropometric measurements for children (digit preference)
• Observation of handwashing facility
• School attendance by single-year age
• Vaccination cards photographed
• Number of enumeration areas completed by month and province
• Sibship size and sex ratio of siblings
• Pregnancy-related mortality trends
• Pregnancy-related mortality

See details of the data quality tables in Appendix C of the final report.

This dataset presents the percentage distribution of Cambodia’s population across different geographic classifications—urban, rural, regions, and provinces—for the years 2019 and 2024. It includes breakdowns by sex (male and female) and indicates whether each entry corresponds to an area, region, or province. The data helps illustrate demographic shifts and population composition changes over time.

This dataset contains historical population data, specifically recording the population (in millions) for the years 1962 and 1980. This dataset provides a brief snapshot of population figures across selected years, offering a simple overview of changes over time.

This dataset presents the percentage of individuals in Cambodia who used the Internet from 1997 to 2023. It includes annual data values, source information, and a description of the indicator. The dataset is compiled from various official sources, such as the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications and the National Institute of Statistics, and provides insights into the growth of internet usage among the Cambodian population.

Abstract

The 2005 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) uses the same methodology as its predecessor, the 2000 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey, allowing policymakers to use the two surveys to assess trends over time.

The primary objective of the CDHS is to provide the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Planning (MOP), and other relevant institutions and users with updated and reliable data on infant and child mortality, fertility preferences, family planning behavior, maternal mortality, utilization of maternal and child health services, health expenditures, women’s status, domestic violence, and knowledge and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. This information contributes to policy decisions, planning, monitoring, and program evaluation for the development of Cambodia, at both national- and local-government levels.

The long-term objectives of the survey are to technically strengthen the capacity of the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Ministry of Health, and the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) of MOP for planning, conducting, and analyzing the results of further surveys.

The 2005 DHS survey was conducted by the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH), the Ministry of Health, and the National Institute of Statistics of the Ministry of Planning. The CDHS executive committee and technical committee were established to oversee all technical aspects of implementation. They consisted of representatives from the Ministry of Health, the National Institute of Public Health, Department of Planning and Health Information, the Ministry of Planning, the National Institute of Statistics, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Department for International Development (DFID), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Funding for the survey came from USAID, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) (under the Health Sector Support Project HSSP, using a grant from the United Kingdom, DFID), UNFPA, UNICEF, and the Centers for Disease Control/Global AIDS Program (CDC/GAP). Technical assistance was provided by ORC Macro.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Children under five years
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-49

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

SAMPLE DESIGN

Creation of the 2005 CDHS sample was based on the objective of collecting a nationally representative sample of completed interviews with women and men between the ages of 15 and 49. To achieve a balance between the ability to provide estimates for all 24 provinces in the country and limiting the sample size, 19 sampling domains were defined, 14 of which correspond to individual provinces and 5 of which correspond to grouped provinces. - Fourteen individual provinces: Banteay Mean Chey, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampong Thom, Kandal, Kratie, Phnom Penh, Prey Veng, Pursat, Siem Reap, Svay Rieng, Takeo, and Otdar Mean Chey; - Five groups of provinces: Battambang and Krong Pailin, Kampot and Krong Kep, Krong Preah Sihanouk and Kaoh Kong, Preah Vihear and Steung Treng, Mondol Kiri, and Rattanak Kiri.

The sample of households was allocated to the sampling domains in such a way that estimates of indicators can be produced with known precision for each of the 19 sampling domains, for all of Cambodia combined, and separately for urban and rural areas of the country.

The sampling frame used for 2005 CDHS is the complete list of all villages enumerated in the 1998 Cambodia General Population Census (GPC) plus 166 villages which were not enumerated during the 1998 GPC, provided by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS). It includes the entire country and consists of 13,505 villages. The GPC also created maps that delimited the boundaries of every village. Of the total villages, 1,312 villages are designated as urban and 12,193 villages are designated as rural, with an average household size of 161 households per village.

The survey is based on a stratified sample selected in two stages. Stratification was achieved by separating every reporting domain into urban and rural areas. Thus the 19 domains were stratified into a total of 38 sampling strata. Samples were selected independently in every stratum, by a two stage selection. Implicit stratifications were achieved at each of the lower geographical or administrative levels by sorting the sampling frame according to the geographical/administrative order and by using a probability proportional to size selection at the first stage of selection.

In the first stage, 557 villages were selected with probability proportional to village size. Village size is the number of households residing in the village. Some of the largest villages were further divided into enumeration areas (EA). Thus, the 557 CDHS clusters are either a village or an EA. A listing of all the households was carried out in each of the 557 selected villages during the months of February-April 2005. Listing teams also drew fresh maps delineating village boundaries and identifying all households. These maps and lists were used by field teams during data collection.

The household listings provided the frame from which the selection of household was drawn in the second stage. To ensure a sample size large enough to calculate reliable estimates for all the desired study domains, it was necessary to control the total number of households drawn. This was done by selecting 24 households in every urban EA, and 28 households in every rural EA. The resulting oversampling of small areas and urban areas is corrected by applying sampling weights to the data, which ensures the validity of the sample for all 38 strata (urban/rural, and 19 domains).

All women age 15-49 years who were either usual residents of the selected households or visitors present in the household on the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. In addition, in a subsample of every second household selected for the survey, all men age 15-49 were eligible to be interviewed (if they were either usual residents of the selected households or visitors present in the household on the night before the survey). The minimum sample size is larger for women than men because complex indicators (such as total fertility and infant and child mortality rates) require larger sample sizes to achieve sampling errors of reasonable size, and these data come from interviews with women.

In the 50 percent subsample, all men and women eligible for the individual interview were also eligible for HIV testing. In addition, in this subsample of households all women eligible for interview and all children under the age of five were eligible for anemia testing. These same women and children were also eligible for height and weight measurement to determine their nutritional status. Women in this same subsample were also eligible to be interviewed with the cause of death module, applicable to women with a child born since January 2002.

The 50 percent subsample not eligible for the man interview was further divided into half, resulting in one-quarter subsamples. In one-quarter subsample all women age 15-49 were eligible for the woman's status module in addition to the main interview. In this same one-quarter subsample, one woman per household was eligible for the domestic violence module. In the other one-quarter subsample, women were not eligible for the woman's status module, nor the domestic violence module.

NOTE: See detailed description of the sample design in APPENDIX A of tthe survey report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Three questionnaires were used: the Household Questionnaire, Woman Questionnaire, and Man Questionnaire. The content of these questionnaires was based on model questionnaires developed by the MEASURE DHS project. Technical meetings between experts and representatives of the Cambodian government and national and international organizations were held to discuss the content of the questionnaires. Inputs generated by these meetings were used to modify the model questionnaires to reflect the needs of users and relevant population, family planning, and health issues in Cambodia. Final questionnaires were translated from English to Khmer and a great deal of refinement to the translation was accomplished during the pretest of the questionnaires.

The Household Questionnaire served multiple purposes: - It was used to list all of the usual members and visitors in the selected households and was the vehicle for identifying women and men who were eligible for the individual interview. - It collected basic information on the characteristics of each person listed, including age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. - It collected information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit, ownership of various durable goods, ownership and use of mosquito nets, and testing of salt for iodine content. - It collected anthropometric (height and weight) measurements and hemoglobin levels. - It was used to register people eligible for collection of samples for later HIV testing. - It had a module on recent illness or death. - It had a module on utilization of health services.

The Women’s Questionnaire covered a wide variety of topics divided into 13 sections: - Respondent Background - Reproduction, including an abortion module - Family Planning - Pregnancy Postnatal Care and Children’s Nutrition - Immunization Health and Women’s Nutrition - Cause of Death of Children (also known as Verbal Autopsy) - Marriage and Sexual Activity - Fertility Preferences - Husband’s Background and Woman’s Work - HIV AIDS and Other

Cambodia Population: Census: Preah Vihear data was reported at 249,973.000 Person in 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 254,827.000 Person for 2019. Cambodia Population: Census: Preah Vihear data is updated yearly, averaging 235,370.000 Person from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2024, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 254,827.000 Person in 2019 and a record low of 119,261.000 Person in 1998. Cambodia Population: Census: Preah Vihear data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Institute of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.G002: Population: Census.

Cambodia Population: Census: Female data was reported at 8,790,125.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 7,980,374.000 Person for 2019. Cambodia Population: Census: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 6,879,628.000 Person from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,790,125.000 Person in 2024 and a record low of 5,926,248.000 Person in 1998. Cambodia Population: Census: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Institute of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.G002: Population: Census.

Abstract

The Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2000 (CDHS) is the first nationally representative survey ever conducted in Cambodia on population and health issues. The primary objective of the survey is to provide the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Planning (MoP), and other relevant institutions and users with updated and reliable data on infant and child mortality, fertility preferences, family planning behavior, maternal mortality, utilization of maternal and child health services, health expenditures, women’s status, domestic violence, and knowledge and behavior regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This information contributes to policy decisions, planning, monitoring, and program evaluation for the development of Cambodia, at both national- and local-government levels.

The long-term objectives of the survey are to technically strengthen the capacity both of the Ministry of Health and the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) of MoP for planning, conducting, and analyzing the results of further surveys.

The CDHS 2000 survey was conducted by the National Institute of Statistics of the Ministry of Planning, and the Ministry of Health. The CDHS executive committee and technical committee were established to oversee all technical aspects of implementation. They consisted of representatives from the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Planning, the National Institute of Statistics, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). ORC Macro provided technical assistance including sampling design, survey methodology, interviewer training, and data analysis through the MEASURE DHS+ project. Funding for the survey came from UNFPA, UNICEF, and USAID.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Children under five years
• Women age 15-49
• Men

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The CDHS survey called for a nationally representative sample of 15,300 women between the ages of 15 and 49. Survey estimates are produced for 12 individual provinces (Banteay Mean Chey, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spueu, Kampong Thum, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh, Prey Veaeng, Pousat, Svay Rieng, and Takaev) and for the following 5 groups of provinces: - Bat Dambang and Krong Pailin - Kampot, Krong Preah Sihanouk, and Krong Kaeb - Kracheh, Preah Vihear, and Stueng Traeng - Mondol Kiri and Rotanak Kiri - Otdar Mean Chey and Siem Reab.

The master sample developed in 1998 by the National Institute of Statistics served as the sampling frame for the CDHS survey. The master sample is based on the 1998 Cambodia General Population Census and consists of 600 villages selected with probability proportional to the number of households within the village. Villages are listed with the total population count and the number of enumeration areas (EAs), households, and segments. Enumeration areas were created during the cartography conducted in preparation for the 1998 census. A segment in a village corresponds to a block of about ten households. Segments were created only for villages retained in the master sample and maps showing their boundaries were also available for all of them.

The sample for the CDHS survey is a stratified sample selected in three stages. As for the master sample, stratification was achieved by separating every reporting domain into urban and rural areas. The sample was selected independently in every stratum.

The master sample contains a small number of villages for some of the provinces. For this reason, additional villages were directly selected from the census frame in order to reach the required sample size in these provinces. In the first stage, 471 villages were selected with probability proportional to the number of households in the village. Of these 471 villages, 63 were directly selected from the 1998 census frame. In the second stage, 5 or fewer segments were retained from each of the villages selected from the master sample, while 1 EA was retained from each of the 63 villages directly selected from the 1998 census frame. Each of these EAs consists of several segments.

A household listing was carried out in all selected segments and EAs, and the resulting lists of households served as the sampling frame for the selection of households in the third stage. All women 15-49 were interviewed in selected households.

In addition, a subsample of 50 percent of households was selected for data collection of anthropometry. Anemia testing was implemented in 25 percent of the sample. Only the women identified in the households with anemia testing were eligible for the section related to women's status. In this subsample of households, only one woman was selected in each household to be interviewed on domestic violence.

Note: See detailed description of sample design in APPENDIX A of the survey report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

Two types of questionnaires were used in the CDHS 2000 survey: the Household Questionnaire and the Women’s questionnaire. The contents of these questionnaires were based on the international MEASURE DHS+ model. They were modified according to the situation in Cambodia and were designed to provide information needed by health and family planning program managers and policymakers, mainly the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Planning, and other relevant institutions and organizations. The agencies involved in developing these questionnaires were the National Institute of Public Health/MoH, the National Institute of Statistics/MoP, UNFPA, UNICEF, USAID, WHO, Hellen Keller International, Marie Stopes International, the Ministry of Women’s Affairs, Project Against Domestic Violence, and the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) project of ORC Macro. The questionnaires were developed in English and then translated into Khmer. Back translation of the questionnaires, from Khmer to English, was also conducted.

The Household Questionnaire enumerated all the usual members and visitors of the selected households and collected information on the socioeconomic status of the households. The first part of the questionnaire collected information on the relationship of the persons to the head of household and items such as residence, sex, age, marital status, and level of education. This information was used to identify women who were eligible for the individual interview. The Household Questionnaire also contained information on the prevalence of accidents, physical impairment, illness, and health expenditures. Information was also collected on the dwelling units, including source of water, type of toilet facilities, fuels used for cooking, materials used for the house’s floor and roof, and ownership of a variety of consumer goods. In addition, during the household survey, anthropometry and anemia testing were carried out to determine nutritional status among children less than five years old and women age 15-49.

The Women’s Questionnaire collected information from all women age 15-49 on the following topics:-• Respondent’s background characteristics - Reproduction - Contraceptin (knowledge and use of family planning) - Pregnancy, antenatal care, delivery, and postnatal care - Infant feeding practices, child immunization, and health - Marriage and sexual activity - Fertility preference - Husband’s background characteristics and women’s work - Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections - Maternal mortality and adult mortality - Women’s status - Domestic violence (household relations module).

Response rate

A total of 12,810 households were selected in the sample, of which 12,475 were occupied at the time the fieldwork was carried out. Of the 12,475 occupied households, 12,236 were successfully interviewed, resulting in a household response rate of 98.1 percent. The main reason for the noninterviewed households was that those households no longer existed in the sampled clusters at the time of the interview.

A total of 15,558 women in these households were identified as women eligible to be interviewed. Questionnaires were then completed for 15,351 of those women, which represented a response rate of 98.7 percent. The principal reason for nonresponse among eligible women was a failure to find them at home despite repeated visits to their household.

Note: See summarized response rates by residence (urban/rural) in Table 1.2 of the survey report.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: 1) nonsampling errors, and 2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2000 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2000 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples.

Cambodia Population: Census: Urban: Female data was reported at 3,668,699.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,141,855.000 Person for 2019. Cambodia Population: Census: Urban: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 1,488,595.500 Person from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2024, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,668,699.000 Person in 2024 and a record low of 917,389.000 Person in 1998. Cambodia Population: Census: Urban: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Institute of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.G002: Population: Census.

This table shows the percentage distribution of Cambodia’s 2024 population by five-year age groups, disaggregated by sex (male/female), and residence (urban/rural). It highlights age structure differences across demographics and offers insight into aging trends, youth concentration, and gender composition across urban and rural settings.

Gathered for the GAFSP Open Data Services activity. This file contains summary statistics of population and population density by province 2013. Data collected by the National Institute of Statistics - Ministry of Planning - Kingdom of Cambodia with support from UNPF and JICA and published in "Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey, 2013 Final Report".

Abstract

The 2014 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) is the fourth nationally representative survey conducted in Cambodia on population and health issues. It uses the same methodology as its predecessors, the 2000, 2005, and 2010 Cambodia Demographic and Health Surveys, allowing policymakers to use these surveys to assess trends over time.

The primary objective of the CDHS is to provide the Ministry of Health (MOH), Ministry of Planning (MOP), and other relevant institutions and users with updated and reliable data on infant and child mortality, fertility preferences, family planning behavior, maternal mortality, utilization of maternal and child health services, health expenditures, women’s status, and knowledge and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. This information contributes to policy decisions, planning, monitoring, and program evaluation for the development of Cambodia at both the national and local government levels.

The long-term objectives of the survey are to build the capacity of the Ministry of Health and the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) of the Ministry of Planning for planning, conducting, and analyzing the results of further surveys.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49
• Man age 15-49

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 2014 CDHS sample is a nationally representative sample of women and men between age 15 and 49 who completed interviews. To achieve a balance between the ability to provide estimates at the subnational level and limiting the sample size, 19 sampling domains were defined, 14 of which correspond to individual provinces and 5 of which correspond to grouped provinces: • Fourteen individual provinces: Banteay Meanchey, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampong Thom, Kandal, Kratie, Phnom Penh, Prey Veng, Pursat, Siem Reap, Svay Rieng, Takeo, and Otdar Meanchey • Five groups of provinces: Battambang and Pailin, Kampot and Kep, Preah Sihanouk and Koh Kong, Preah Vihear and Stung Treng, and Mondul Kiri and Ratanak Kiri

The sample of households was allocated to the sampling domains in such a way that estimates of indicators could be produced with precision at the national level, as well as separately for urban and rural areas of the country and for each of the 19 sampling domains.

The sampling frame used for the 2014 CDHS was derived from the list of all enumeration areas (EAs) created for the 2008 Cambodia General Population Census (GPC), provided by NIS. The list had been updated in 2012, and it excluded 241 EAs that are special settlement areas and not ordinary residential areas. It included 28,455 EAs for the entire country. The GPC also created maps that delimited the boundaries of each EA. Overall, 4,245 EAs were designated as urban and 24,210 as rural, with an average size of 99 households per EA.

The survey used a stratified sample selected in two stages. Stratification was achieved by separating every reporting domain into urban and rural areas. Thus, the 19 domains were stratified into a total of 38 sampling strata. Samples were selected independently in every stratum through a two-stage selection process. Implicit stratifications were achieved at each of the lower geographical or administrative levels by sorting the sampling frame according to geographical/administrative order before sample selection and by using a probability proportional to size selection strategy at the first stage of selection.

For further details on sample selection, see Appendix A of the final report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Four questionnaires were used in the 2014 CDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Man’s Questionnaire, and the Micronutrient Questionnaire. These questionnaires are based on the questionnaires developed by the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program and on the questionnaires used during the 2010 CDHS survey. To reflect relevant population and health issues in Cambodia, the questionnaires were adapted during a series of technical meetings with various stakeholders from government ministries and agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and international donors. The final drafts of the questionnaires were discussed at a stakeholders’ meeting organized by the National Institute of Statistics. The adapted questionnaires were translated from English into Khmer and pretested in February and March 2014.

The Household Questionnaire was used to list all of the usual members and visitors in the selected households. Basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. For children under age 18, parents’ survival status was determined. The Household Questionnaire was also used to identify women and men eligible for an individual interview.

The Woman’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from all women age 15-49 and the Man’s Questionnaire was administered to all men age 15-49 living in one-third of the households in the CDHS sample.

The Micronutrient Questionnaire was implemented in a subsample of one-sixth of the sampled clusters for the collection of micronutrient specimens among eligible women and children. Specimens collected included venous blood, urine, and stool samples.

Cleaning operations

Completed questionnaires were returned from the field to NIS headquarters, where they were entered and edited by data processing personnel who were specially trained for this task and had also attended questionnaire training of field staff. Data processing personnel included a data processing chief, two assistants, four secondary editors and coordinators, 25 entry operators, and eight office editors.

Data processing for the 2014 CDHS began on 25 personal computers on July 6, 2014, five weeks after the first interviews were conducted. Processing the data concurrently with data collection allowed for regular monitoring of team performance and data quality. Field check tables were generated regularly during the data processing to check various data quality parameters. As a result, feedback was given on a regular basis, encouraging teams to continue in areas of high quality and to correct areas of needed improvement. Feedback was individually tailored to each team. Data entry, which included 100 percent double entry to minimize keying errors, and data editing were completed on January 8, 2015. Data cleaning and finalization were completed on January 23, 2015.

Response rate

All of the 611 clusters selected for the sample were surveyed in the 2014 CDHS. A total of 16,356 households were selected, of which 15,937 were found to be occupied during data collection. Among these households, 15,825 completed the Household Questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 99 percent.

In these interviewed households, 18,012 women were identified as eligible for the individual interview. Interviews were completed with 98 percent of these women. Of the 5,484 eligible men identified in every third household, 95 percent were successfully interviewed. There was little variation in response rates by urban-rural residence.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1) nonsampling errors and (2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2014 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2014 CDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and identical size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.

If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2014 CDHS sample is the result of a multistage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulae. The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the 2014 CDHS is an SAS program. This program used the Taylor linearization method for variance estimation for survey estimates that are means or proportions. The Jackknife repeated replication

Geographic coverage

National

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]