Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Kampong Chhnang data was reported at 598,677.000 Person in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 591,497.000 Person for 2022. Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Kampong Chhnang data is updated yearly, averaging 561,350.000 Person from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 598,677.000 Person in 2023 and a record low of 523,208.000 Person in 2013. Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Kampong Chhnang data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Health. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.G004: Population Projection: by Province: Forecast: Ministry of Health: 2013-2023 (Discontinued).

This dataset provides detailed demographic information for Cambodia's provinces and major geographic areas. It includes the total number of households, total population, male and female population counts, and calculated sex ratio for each province or region. The dataset also contains average household size, and categorical indicators showing whether a row corresponds to an area, region, or province. This structure enables comparison across urban-rural contexts as well as administrative divisions, making it useful for demographic analyses, policy-making, and regional planning.

This dataset presents the percentage distribution of Cambodia’s population across different geographic classifications—urban, rural, regions, and provinces—for the years 2019 and 2024. It includes breakdowns by sex (male and female) and indicates whether each entry corresponds to an area, region, or province. The data helps illustrate demographic shifts and population composition changes over time.

Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Siemreap data was reported at 1,091,994.000 Person in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,076,870.000 Person for 2022. Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Siemreap data is updated yearly, averaging 1,010,622.000 Person from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,091,994.000 Person in 2023 and a record low of 922,984.000 Person in 2013. Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Siemreap data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Health. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.G004: Population Projection: by Province: Forecast: Ministry of Health: 2013-2023 (Discontinued).

Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Pursat data was reported at 535,647.000 Person in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 526,700.000 Person for 2022. Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Pursat data is updated yearly, averaging 487,819.000 Person from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 535,647.000 Person in 2023 and a record low of 435,602.000 Person in 2013. Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Pursat data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Health. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.G004: Population Projection: by Province: Forecast: Ministry of Health: 2013-2023 (Discontinued).

This chart shows the change in population density across Cambodian regions and provinces from 2019 to 2024. Phnom Penh remains by far the most densely populated area, increasing from 3,361 to 3,465 people per square kilometer. Other provinces, such as Kandal, Prey Veng, and Takeo, also saw notable increases in density, reflecting urban expansion and population concentration. Conversely, some coastal and plateau regions show relatively stable or low-density growth.

Abstract

The Cambodia Inter-censal Population Survey, 2013 was conducted with the following objectives:

i. To strengthen the capacity of the staff of NIS and the provincial and district staff in demographic data collection; and

ii. To provide information to government and data users on population and household characteristics such as household size, age, sex, marital status, literacy and educational characteristics, economic characteristics, fertility, mortality and migration as well as housing and household characteristics and amenities. This should be useful to the government to evaluate the Rectangular Strategy Plan in achieving its intended goals. It will help outline priority goals and strategies to reduce poverty rapidly, and develop Cambodia Millennium Development Goals (CMDG’s) and other Socioeconomic Development Goals. It will also be useful to the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) in improving data availability and accessibility and in utilization of data until the 2018 census information is made available.

Geographic coverage

National Provincial

Analysis unit

Units of Analysis: 1. Individual 2. Household 3. Province

Universe

Population and housing units of all regular households in Cambodia excluding special settlements and institutional households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The draft questionnaires for the CIPS 2013 were more or less on the 2008 General Census pattern. Some modifications, however, were made by adding new questions on

(i) whether children aged 0-14 living with own mother (ii) whether a person's mother is alive and (iii) details of deaths in households in the last one year with focus on maternal mortality.

Questions mentioned at (i) and (ii) were intended respectively to estimate fertility (by application of own child method) and mortality (by application of orphan hood method). The questions to be included were carefully considered by a Working Group of Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey 2013, whose members were mostly from Ministries, NGOs and International Agencies. The Questionnaires were tested twice in the field (both urban and rural) by NIS staff in November 2012. The purpose of the pre-test was to have a full-dressed rehearsal of the whole process and particularly to test the questions in the field so as to make corrections in wording or definitions and to estimate the time taken for enumeration area mapping, house listing, sampling and enumeration of selected household. Based on the pre-test experience the questionnaires were modified and finalized.

Two types of questionnaires were used in the CIPS 2013: Form A House-list and Form B Household Questionnaire.

The Form A was used to collect information on buildings containing one or more households during the preliminary round preceding survey night (March 3, 2013). The information collected related to: construction material of wall, roof and floor, whether it is a wholly or partly residential building, number of households within the building, name and sex of head of household and number of persons usually living in the household.

The Form B, which has five parts, was used for survey enumeration in the period closely following the reference time.

In Part I, information on usual members of the selected household present on survey night, visitors present as well as usual members absent on survey night, was collected.

Part II was used to collect information on each usual member of the household and each visitor present on survey night. The information collected included: full name, relationship to household head, sex, age, natural mother, child aged 0-14 living with own mother, marital status, age at first marriage, mother tongue, religion, place of birth, previous residence, duration of stay, reason for migration, literacy, full time education and economic characteristics.

Part III was used to collect information on females of reproductive age (15-49) as well as children born to these women.

The information collected in part IV related to household conditions and facilities: main source of light, main cooking fuel used, whether toilet facility is available, main source of drinking water and number of living rooms occupied by household.

Part V was used to record the following information in respect of deaths in the household within the last one year:- name of deceased, sex, relationship to head of household, age at death, whether the death has been registered with the civil authorities or not, the cause of death and maternal mortality information.

Cleaning operations

The completed records (Forms A, Form B, Form I, Form II, Map, and other Forms) were systematically collected from the provinces by NIS Survey Coordinators on the due date and submitted to the team receptionist at NIS. NIS Survey Coordinators formed into three teams of two persons were trained from March 7 to 10 to receive and arrange the completed forms and maps for processing after due checking form the field.

Control forms were prescribed by DUC to record every form without any omission. These records were carefully checked, registered and stored in the record room. Editing and coding of the questionnaires were done manually, after which the questionnaires were submitted to the computer section for further processing.

The instruction for editing and coding were revised and expanded. Training on editing and coding was conducted for senior staff, who in turn had to train other editors and coders. The purpose of the editing process was to remove matters of obvious inconsistency, incorrectness and incompleteness, and to improve the quality of data collected. Coding had to be done very carefully in respect of birthplace and previous place of residence by using the district and province codes, and occupation and industry by using the UN International Standard Classification of Occupation (ISCO) and the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) respectively. For these purposes, NIS utilized staff with sound knowledge and experience of the survey and its concepts. Those who worked as trainers or supervisors were put on this job supplemented by well-trained and tested staff. Editing and Coding was done by two teams (each with six editors and one team leader); so that one of the editors who was trained specifically in occupation/industry coding should do that coding for columns 20 and 22 of part 2 household questionnaire. The work of team members was completely checked by the Team leaders. The training on editing and coding was done from 23 to 26 March. The manual processing commenced on March 29 and was completely done by the end of May 2013.

Response rate

Response rate is 95 per cent.

Sampling error estimates

Calculations of sampling errors have been made for some estimates of totals, means and proportions for variables in Form B (annex 3).

The software used for the calculations is STATA 8.0. For the calculations presented here we have assumed that stratification was done on provinces and urban/rural (an implicit57 stratification on province and urban/rural was used for the sample selection).

In seven of the 45 strata there are only one PSU (EA) selected. This causes a problem for the standard error calculations. It is not possible get standard errors in these strata. In these strata we have split the sole EA in two parts and defined the parts as two PSUs.

The standard errors are generally rather small for estimates for major domains like urban/rural and men/women. The coefficients of variation (CV)1 are below 1% in many cases. The coefficients of variation are substantially higher for provincial estimates, especially for provinces with a small sample (e.g. province19). Design effects (Deff) have been calculated for some estimates. They are, as expected, quite low for estimates of demographic characteristics. They are considerably higher for estimates of socio-economic characteristics like employment status (also as expected). For the demographic characteristics "age at first marriage" and "marital status" we find design effects below 5 for major domains like men/women and urban/rural. The socio-economic characteristics are typically more "clustered" than the demographic characteristics, this shows up in generally higher design effects. For the major domain estimates we find design effects up to 20 and occasionally very high values of 200 or more. These "freak" values occur when the sample in terms of number of PSUs is small and when the PSU averages (or proportions) show large variation. One example is the design effect of 285 for the estimate of proportion of government employees in urban areas. The proportion is varying substantially between the 102 PSUs in the domain, the range is from 0 % to75%.

Abstract

The population census is the most fundamental source of national population data required by a country for administrative purposes as well as for economic and social planning and research. It is expected to provide a comprehensive and reliable inventory of a country's population. Apart from the size of population in each of the administrative units which is the basic information provided by the census, an analysis of the census data provides information on trends in population growth, age and sex structure of the population, the levels of mortality and fertility, the course of migration, trends in urbanization and on many more characteristics of the population. A study of the current demographic levels and past trends is very essential in making population projections that form the basis of national plans for economic development and other welfare programmes.

The demographic, social and economic indicators as well as other bench mark data at small area levels produced by the 2008 Census will go a long way in monitoring and evaluating the implementation of National Strategic Development Plan programmes in the future."

Geographic coverage

Nation-wide

Urban/Rural

Group of Provinces

Individual Province

1. Banteay Meanchey

2. Battambang

3. Kampong Cham

4. Kampong Chhnang

5. Kampong Speu

6. Kampong Thom

7. Kampot

8. Kandal

9. Koh Kong

10. Kratie

11. Mondul Kiri

12. Phnom Penh

13. Preah Vihear

14. Prey Veng

15. Pursat

16. Ratanak Kiri

17. Siem Reap

18. Preah Sihanouk

19. Stung Treng

20. Svay Rieng

21. Takeo

22. Oddar Meanchey

23. Kep

24.Pailin

Analysis unit

Individuals

Households

Women of reproductive ae

Deaths in households

Households in dwelling units

Universe

All resident households in Cambodia

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

Not Applicable

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

The census questionnaires were evolved after carefully taking into account past experience, the present needs of the Government and the data users. The questions were so worded as to be simple and at the same time enable collection of reliable data.

Two meetings were held to elicit the views of stake holders and data users regarding the contents of the census questionnaires and the tabulation plan. The census questionnaires were pre-tested twice in the field. A pilot census was conducted in a few Enumeration Areas (EAs) as a dress rehearsal for the census. All these exercises proved very useful in finally adopting the census questionnaires and the tabulation plan.

There were two main census questionnaires: - (i) the house list (Form A) and (ii) the household questionnaire (Form B). A few census forms were also to be filled-in by enumerators. Buildings with households were first listed in Form A. This was done three days ahead of the main enumeration along with updating the EA map (29 February to 2 March 2008). Form B which is the main census questionnaire was filled-in by enumerators after interviewing each household during March 3 to March 13. Specimen copies of the two questionnaires are attached as Annexes 3 and 4.

2 Versions ( Khmer and English)

2 Forms

FORM A

      HOUSELIST

FORM B

      HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE

        PART 1   Identification Particulars

        PART 2   Individual Particulars

        PART 3   Fertility Information of Females Aged 15 and over listed in column 2 

        PART 4   Housing Condition and Facilities

        PART 5   Death Household

Cleaning operations

The census data processing division of NIS is responsible for manual editing and coding of questionnaires, data entry, computer editing and tabulation, and the generation of products like the population database and maintenance of the web site.

Sampling error estimates

Not Applicable

This dataset summarizes Cambodia's 2024 population structure, detailing the number of households, total population (by sex), sex ratio, and average household size across urban, rural, regional, and provincial levels. It distinguishes between administrative categories (areas, regions, and provinces) using Boolean flags and provides insights into demographic patterns, such as urban–rural distribution and gender balance across provinces.

This dataset in levels of commune, district and province includes information about total population, total family and poverty rate in Cambodia in 2015. The non-spatial data is extracted from a publication of Ministry of Planning name Poverty Rate by Capital, Provinces, Municipalities, Districts, Khans and Communes, Sangkats 2015. ODC Map and Data Team have collected this information and join with Cambodia Basemap 2014 data, contributed by Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and shared on Humanitarian Data Exchange (HDX).

This chart illustrates Cambodia’s population by province, region, and area type in 2019 and 2024. It highlights the population growth trends over time, with noticeable increases in urban areas and key provinces such as Phnom Penh, Prey Veng, and Takeo. Conversely, a few provinces like Preah Sihanouk and Oddar Meanchey show population declines between 2019 and 2024.

Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Kampong Thom data was reported at 816,978.000 Person in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 804,496.000 Person for 2022. Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Kampong Thom data is updated yearly, averaging 753,087.000 Person from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 816,978.000 Person in 2023 and a record low of 690,417.000 Person in 2013. Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Kampong Thom data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Health. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.G004: Population Projection: by Province: Forecast: Ministry of Health: 2013-2023 (Discontinued).

This dataset provides projected population of 2030, projected annual growth rate in each province in Cambodia, given by National Institute of Statistics and the United Nations. Data were provided to Open Development Cambodia (ODC) in vector format by Save Cambodia's Wildlife's Atlas Working Group.

Preliminary findings of Cambodia's 2008 census, providing information on population size and distribution. The results include background to the census, and data on the population of Cambodia and provinces by sex and rural-urban classification. At time of publishing, data processing of filled-in census questionnaires of about 2.8 million households was in progress. The final data was expected to be ready by the middle of 2009.

Abstract

The Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey, 2004 was designed not only to obtain the much-needed demographic data following the census, but also to serve as a means to train the staff of the NIS and Provincial Planning Offices in demographic data collection.

There are plans to produce in-depth studies on fertility, mortality, migration, literacy and education, labour force, housing and household amenities, and population projections based on the results of the survey.

The Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey 2004 (CIPS) is a nationally representative sample survey taken between two censuses, the 1998 census and the proposed 2008 census, in order to update information on population size and growth and other population characteristics as well as household facilities and amenities. Due to the national elections and administrative issues, the CIPS was undertaken in March 2004 instead of 2003, which would have been the five-year midpoint between the 1998 and 2008 censuses.

The conduct of the CIPS 2004 is an important step in the creation of a continuous flow of data that will allow Cambodia to prepare plans and programmes supported by a strong database.

The Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey 2004 was conducted with the objective of providing information on the following indicators: - Sex, age and marital status - Births and Deaths - Migration status - Literacy/Educational level - Economic characteristics - Housing and household amenities - Other population and household information

These fresh data will allow for calculations and reliable projections of: - Population size and growth - Fertility - Mortality - Migration

The survey was also intended to train the national staff in sampling, data collection, data processing, analysis and dissemination.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Individual, Household

Universe

All Population and housing for all regular households in Cambodia excluding special settlements and institutional households.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design for the CIPS 2004 is a three-stage stratified cluster sampling design, it is a probability sample selection of 100 percent of the Cambodian villages coverage areas, the survey covered only regular households and excludes special settlements and institutional households.

The CIPS 2004 was conducted in a nationwide representative sample of 21,000 households within selected 700 villages (primary sampling units) out of 13,886 villages in Cambodia. The 700 villages were selected from updated frame (list of villages for Cambodia).

The General Population Census 1998 databases of the National Institute of Statistics together with the new updated list of villages that were excluded in the general population census of 1998 was used as the sampling frame for the sampling design of the CIPS 2004.

The frame has the following identification particulars: 1- Province code 2- Province name 3- District code 4- District name 5- Commune code 6- Commune name 7- Village Code 8- Village name 9- Size of village (number of households) 10- Area code (1 = Urban, 2 = Rural)

A three-stage sample design has been used for the CIPS. In the first stage a sample of villages was selected. The villages were implicitly stratified into 45 strata (21 provinces each with rural/urban strata i.e. 42 strata plus 3 provinces each totally urban, i.e. 3 urban strata). The villages were selected using linear systematic sampling with probabilities proportionate to size (PPS). The size measure used for the selection was number of households in the village according to the 1998 Census with estimation for a few additional villages not in the 1998 census frame.

In the second stage one Census Enumeration Area was selected randomly (in the head office) in each selected PSU. At the beginning of the fieldwork all households in the EA were listed. A systematic sample of 30 non-vacant households was selected as the third stage of selection.

The listing of households in the EA would become cumbersome if there are many households in the EA. This might be the case when the enumeration area had grown substantially since the census. When the EA was large (population wise) the interviewer was instructed to split the EA into two or more approximately equal-sized segments and to select one segment randomly. All households in the selected segment were listed. Out of the 700 Sample PSUs, 598 were from the rural super stratum and the remaining 102 were from the urban super stratum. For more information on sampling for the survey the general report at national level may be referred to.

Note: All provincial headquarters were treated as urban. In the case of Sihanoukville, Kep and Pailin, the entire province was treated as urban. In Phnom Penh province, the four districts of Doun Penh, Chamkar Mon, 7 Makara and Tuol Kouk were classified as urban. All the remaining areas of the country were rural. Further, urban and rural areas are being reclassified in Cambodia. While these reclassifications have already been drafted, they have not yet been approved by the Royal Government of Cambodia. Upon endorsement and adoption, the new classifications will be used in future census/surveys.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The draft questionnaires for the CIPS 2004 were more or less on the 1998 General Census pattern. Some modifications, however, were made by adding new questions on

(i) Whether children aged 0-14 living with own mother (ii) Whether a person's mother is alive and (iii) Details of deaths in households in the last one year with focus on maternal mortality.

Questions mentioned at (i) and (ii) were intended respectively to estimate fertility (by application of own child method) and mortality (by application of orphan hood method). The questions to be included were carefully considered by a Working Group of Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey 2004, whose members were mostly from Ministries, NGOs and International Agencies. The Questionnaires were tested twice in the field (both urban and rural) by NIS staff in November 2003. The purpose of the pre-test was to have a full-dressed rehearsal of the whole process and particularly to test the questions in the field so as to make corrections in wording or definitions and to estimate the time taken for enumeration area mapping, house listing, sampling and enumeration of selected household. Based on the pre-test experience the questionnaires were modified and finalized.

Two types of questionnaires were used in the CIPS 2004: Form A House-list and Form B Household Questionnaire.

The Form A was used to collect information on buildings containing one or more households during the preliminary round preceding survey night (March 3, 2004). The information collected related to: construction material of wall, roof and floor, whether it is a wholly or partly residential building, number of households within the building, name and sex of head of household and number of persons usually living in the household.

The Form B, which has five parts, was used for survey enumeration in the period closely following the reference time.

In Part I, information on usual members of the selected household present on survey night, visitors present as well as usual members absent on survey night, was collected.

Part II was used to collect information on each usual member of the household and each visitor present on survey night. The information collected included: full name, relationship to household head, sex, age, natural mother, child aged 0-14 living with own mother, marital status, age at first marriage, mother tongue, religion, place of birth, previous residence, duration of stay, reason for migration, literacy, full time education and economic characteristics.

Part III was used to collect information on females of reproductive age (15-49) as well as children born to these women.

The information collected in part IV related to household conditions and facilities: main source of light, main cooking fuel used, whether toilet facility is available, main source of drinking water and number of living rooms occupied by household.

Part V was used to record the following information in respect of deaths in the household within the last one year:- name of deceased, sex, relationship to head of household, age at death, whether the death has been registered with the civil authorities or not, the cause of death and maternal mortality information.

Cleaning operations

The completed records (Forms A, Form B, Form I, Form II, Map, and other Forms) were systematically collected from the provinces by NIS Survey Coordinators on the due date and submitted to the team receptionist at NIS. NIS Survey Coordinators formed into three teams of two persons were trained during March 7-10 to receive and arrange the completed forms and maps for processing after due checking form the field. Control forms were prescribed by DUC to record every form without any omission. These records were carefully checked, registered and stored in the record room. Editing and coding of the questionnaires were done manually, after which the questionnaires were submitted to the computer section for further processing. The instruction for editing and coding were revised and expanded. Training on editing and coding was conducted for senior staff, who in turn had to train other editors and coders.

The purpose of the editing process was to remove matters of obvious inconsistency, incorrectness and incompleteness, and to improve the quality of data collected. Coding had to be done very carefully in

Preliminary findings of Cambodia's 2008 census, providing information on population size and distribution. The results include background to the census, and data on the population of Cambodia and provinces by sex and rural-urban classification. At time of publishing, data processing of filled-in census questionnaires of about 2.8 million households was in progress. The final data was expected to be ready by the middle of 2009.

The dataset presents the percentage distribution of the population by religion across different geographic zones, comparing values from 2019 and 2024. It highlights the proportions of Buddhist, Muslim, Christian, and other religious groups, offering a broad view of religious composition and changes over time at area and regional levels.

Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Battambang data was reported at 1,314,677.000 Person in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,296,302.000 Person for 2022. Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Battambang data is updated yearly, averaging 1,218,591.000 Person from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,314,677.000 Person in 2023 and a record low of 1,117,582.000 Person in 2013. Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Battambang data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Health. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.G004: Population Projection: by Province: Forecast: Ministry of Health: 2013-2023 (Discontinued).

Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Takeo data was reported at 1,074,013.000 Person in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,059,673.000 Person for 2022. Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Takeo data is updated yearly, averaging 998,860.000 Person from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,074,013.000 Person in 2023 and a record low of 923,368.000 Person in 2013. Cambodia MOH Forecast: Projected Population: Takeo data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Health. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.G004: Population Projection: by Province: Forecast: Ministry of Health: 2013-2023 (Discontinued).

Abstract

The 2021-22 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (2021-22 CDHS) was implemented by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MoH). Data collection took place from September 15, 2021, to February 15, 2022.

The primary objective of the 2021-22 CDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators. Specifically, the survey collected information on fertility, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutritional status of women and children, maternal and child health, adult and childhood mortality, women’s empowerment, domestic violence, awareness and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and other health-related issues such as smoking.

The information collected through the 2021-22 CDHS is intended to assist policymakers and program managers in evaluating and designing programs and strategies for improving the health of Cambodia’s population. The survey also provides data on indicators relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Cambodia.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49
• Man age 15 to 49

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49, all men age 15-49, and all children aged 0-4 resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Four questionnaires were used in the 2021-22 CDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Man’s Questionnaire, and the Biomarker Questionnaire. The questionnaires, based on The DHS Program’s model questionnaires, were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Cambodia. In addition, a self-administered Fieldworker Questionnaire collected information about the survey’s fieldworkers.

Cleaning operations

The processing of the 2021-22 CDHS data began as soon as the fieldwork started. When data collection was completed in each cluster, the electronic data files were transferred via the IFSS to the NIS central office in Phnom Penh. The data files were registered and checked for inconsistencies, incompleteness, and outliers. Errors and inconsistencies were communicated to the field teams for review and correction. Secondary editing, done by NIS data processors, was carried out in the central office and included resolving inconsistencies and coding open-ended questions. The paper Biomarker Questionnaires were collected by field coordinators and then compared with the electronic data files to assess whether any inconsistencies arose during data entry. Data processing and editing were carried out using the CSPro software package. The concurrent data collection and processing offered an advantage because it maximized the likelihood of the data being error-free. Timely generation of field check tables allowed for effective monitoring. The secondary editing of the data was completed in March 2022.

Response rate

A total of 21,270 households were selected for the CDHS sample, of which 20,967 were found to be occupied. Of the occupied households, 20,806 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 99%. In the interviewed households, 19,845 women age 15-49 were identified as eligible for individual interviews. Interviews were completed with 19,496 women, yielding a response rate of 98%. In the subsample of households selected for the male survey, 9,079 men age 15-49 were identified as eligible for individual interviews and 8,825 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 97%.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1) nonsampling errors and (2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are errors that were made during data collection and data processing such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions by either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2021-22 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to eliminate completely and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2021-22 CDHS is only one of many possible samples that could have been selected from the same population, using exactly the same design. Each of those samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95% of all possible samples of identical size and design.

If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2021-22 CDHS sample was the result of a multistage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulas. The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the 2021-22 CDHS was an SAS program. This program used the Taylor linearization method for estimate variances for survey estimates that are means or proportions. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

A more detailed description of estimates of sampling errors are presented in APPENDIX B of the survey report.

Data appraisal

Data Quality Tables

• Household age distribution
• Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
• Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men
• Age displacement at age 14/15
• Age displacement at age 49/50
• Pregnancy outcomes by years preceding the survey
• Completeness of reporting
• Height and weight data completeness and quality for children
• Height measurements from random subsample of measured children
• Interference in height and weight measurements of children
• Interference in height and weight measurements of women
• Heaping in anthropometric measurements for children (digit preference)
• Observation of handwashing facility
• School attendance by single-year age
• Vaccination cards photographed
• Number of enumeration areas completed by month and province
• Sibship size and sex ratio of siblings
• Pregnancy-related mortality trends
• Pregnancy-related mortality

See details of the data quality tables in Appendix C of the final report.