Of the G7 countries, Japan had the highest net debt in terms of share of gross domestic product (GDP) between 2010 and 2024. That year, Japan's government's net debt reached an estimated *** percent of its total GDP. Italy had the second highest debt rate at *** percent of its GDP, whereas Canada had the lowest at only ** percent.

The ratio of national debt to gross domestic product (GDP) of Canada was approximately 110.77 percent in 2024. Between 1980 and 2024, the ratio rose by around 66.18 percentage points, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. The ratio is forecast to decline by about 6.66 percentage points from 2024 to 2030, fluctuating as it trends downward.The general government gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. Here it is depicted in relation to the country's GDP, which refers to the total value of goods and services produced during a year.

Key information about Canada Government Debt: % of GDP

• Canada Government debt accounted for 69.4 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Mar 2024, compared with the ratio of 66.9 % in the previous year.
• Canada government debt to GDP ratio data is updated yearly, available from Mar 1962 to Mar 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 83.6 % in Mar 1996 and a record low of 33.1 % in Mar 1977.

CEIC calculates Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP from annual Government Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. The Department of Finance Canada provides Government Debt in local currency. Statistics Canada provides Nominal GDP in local currency based on CSNA 2012/SNA 2008. Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP is in annual frequency, ending in March of each year.


Related information about Canada Government Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Canada National Government Debt reached 1,519.8 USD bn in Mar 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP reached 520.3 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Government Debt in Canada increased to 1223.62 CAD Billion in 2024 from 1173.01 CAD Billion in 2023. This dataset provides - Canada Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Canada debt to gdp ratio for 2023 was 62.23%, a 0.81% increase from 2022.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Canada debt to gdp ratio for 2022 was <strong>61.42%</strong>, a <strong>9.66% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>Canada debt to gdp ratio for 2021 was <strong>71.07%</strong>, a <strong>3.48% decline</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>Canada debt to gdp ratio for 2020 was <strong>74.55%</strong>, a <strong>21.19% increase</strong> from 2019.</li>
</ul>Debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year.

Key information about Canada External Debt

• Canada External Debt reached 3,163.2 USD bn in Dec 2024, compared with 3,172.8 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• Canada External Debt: USD mn data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1990 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 3,172.8 USD bn in Sep 2024 and a record low of 303.1 USD bn in Mar 1990.

CEIC converts quarterly External Debt into USD. Statistics Canada provides External Debt in local currency. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions.


Related information about Canada External Debt

• In the latest reports of Canada, Current Account recorded a deficit of 4.6 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 20.0 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• Canada Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 28.5 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 35.6 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 520.3 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Key information about Canada National Government Debt

• Canada National Government Debt reached 1,519.8 USD bn in Mar 2024, compared with 1,423.3 USD bn in the previous year.
• Canada National Government Debt data is updated yearly, available from Mar 1962 to Mar 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 1,519.8 USD bn in Mar 2024 and a record low of 20.5 USD bn in Mar 1962.

CEIC converts annual Government Debt into USD. The Department of Finance Canada provides Government Debt in local currency. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Government Debt is in annual frequency, ending in March of each year.


Related information about Canada National Government Debt

• In the latest reports, Canada Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 1.8 % of its Nominal GDP in Sep 2024.
• The country's Government debt accounted for 69.4 % of its Nominal GDP in Mar 2024.
• Canada Nominal GDP reached 520.3 USD bn in Mar 2023.

During the Great Recession of 2008-2009, the advanced economies of the G7 experienced a period of acute financial crises, downturns in the non-financial economy, and political instability. The governments of these countries in many cases stepped in to backstop their financial sectors and to try to stimulate their economies. The scale of these interventions was large by historical standards, with observers making comparisons to the measures of the New Deal which the U.S. undertook in the 1930s to end the Great Depression.

The bailouts of financial institutions and stimulus packages caused the government debt ratios of the United States, United Kingdom, and Japan in particular to rise sharply. The UK's government debt ratio almost doubled due to the bailouts of Northern Rock and Royal Bank of Scotland. On the other hand, the increases in government debt in the Eurozone were more measured, due to the comparative absence of stimulus spending in these countries. They would later be hit hard during the Eurozone crisis of the 2010s, when bank lending to the periphery of the Eurozone (Portugal, Spain, Ireland and Greece in particular) would trigger a sovereign debt crisis. The Canadian government, led by a Conservative premier, engaged in some fiscal stimulus to support its economy, but these packages were small in comparison to that in most other of the G7 countries.

Canada recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 110.80 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides - Canada Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about Canada Total Debt: % of GDP

• Canada Total Debt accounted for 946.4 % of the country's GDP in 2024, compared with the ratio of 929.6 % in the previous quarter.
• Canada Total Debt: % of GDP data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1990 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 1,078.6 % in Dec 2020 and a record low of 477.0 % in Mar 1990.

CEIC calculates quarterly Total Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Total Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. Total Debt is calculated as the Total Liabilities less Equity & Investment Fund Shares and Financial Derivatives. Statistics Canada provides Total Debt in local currency and Nominal GDP in local currency.

Key information about Canada Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP

• Canada Private Debt accounted for 212.62 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2024, compared with a ratio of 212.27 % in the previous quarter
• Canada Private Debt contribution to Nominal GDP ratio is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1969 to Dec 2024, with an average share of 129.19 %
• The data reached an all-time high of 237.84 % in Dec 2020 and a record low of 89.28 % in Sep 1976

CEIC calculates quarterly Private Debt as % of Nominal GDP from monthly Private Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. Private Debt is calculated as a sum of Loans to Private Non-Financial Corporations and Household sectors. Statistics Canada provides Private Debt and Nominal GDP in local currency. Private Debt prior to Q1 1990 is sourced from the Bank of Canada.

In 2024, the net government debt to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio of Japan was estimated at about 156 percent. The government debt ratio of the United States was over 96 percent. Saudi Arabia, who had the lowest net debt, had a debt ratio of only 14.1 percent.

Key information about Canada Household Debt: % of GDP

• Canada household debt accounted for 99.0 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Dec 2024, compared with the ratio of 99.0 % in the previous quarter.
• Canada household debt to GDP ratio is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1969 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 111.2 % in Dec 2020 and a record low of 30.0 % in Mar 1969.

CEIC calculates quarterly Household Debt as % of Nominal GDP from monthly Household Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. Statistics Canada provides Household Debt in local currency. Statistics Canada provides Nominal GDP in local currency. Loans are used due to the lack of Flow of Funds statistics. Household Debt prior to Q1 1990 is sourced from the Bank of Canada.


Related information about Canada Household Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Canada Household Debt reached 2,110.9 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• Money Supply M2 in Canada increased 6.1 % YoY in Dec 2024.
• Canada Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 90.2 USD bn in Jan 2025.
• The Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 2.0 Months of Import in Dec 2024.
• Canada Domestic Credit reached 4,531.7 USD bn in Dec 2024, representing an increased of 3.9 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 0.6 % in Sep 2024, compared with the ratio of 0.5 % in the previous quarter.

Key information about Canada External Debt: % of GDP

• Canada External Debt accounted for 148.4 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2024, compared with the ratio of 139.5 % in the previous year.
• Canada External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1990 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 149.1 % in Dec 2020 and a record low of 56.2 % in Dec 1990.

CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly External Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. Statistics Canada provides External Debt in local currency and Nominal GDP in local currency.


Related information about Canada External Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of Canada, Current Account recorded a deficit of 4.6 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 20.0 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• Canada Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 28.5 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 35.6 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• The country's External Debt reached 3,163,216.0 in Dec 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 520.3 USD bn in Mar 2023.

This dataset provides values for HOUSEHOLDS DEBT TO INCOME reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Key information about Canada Household Debt

• Canada Household Debt reached 2,110.9 USD bn in Dec 2024, compared with the reported number of 2,161.8 USD bn in the previous month
• Canada Household Debt: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1969 to Dec 2024
• The data reached an all-time high of 2,225.1 USD bn in Sep 2024 and a record low of 22.2 USD bn in Jan 1969

CEIC converts monthly Household Debt into USD. Statistics Canada provides Household Debt in local currency. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Loans are used due to the lack of Flow of Funds statistics. Household Debt prior to January 1990 is sourced from the Bank of Canada.


Further information about Canada Household Debt

• In the latest reports, Canada Household Debt accounted for 99.2 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Sep 2024
• Money Supply M2 in Canada increased 1,873.3 USD bn YoY in Nov 2024
• Canada Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 90.2 USD bn in Jan 2025
• The Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 2.0 Months of Import in Dec 2024
• Canada Domestic Credit reached 4,647.3 USD bn in Nov 2024, representing an increased of 3.9 % YoY

Information on book and market value position for foreign debt securities issues by country, currency, maturity and sector.

In 2022, the value of the lending to households in Switzerland as a share of its gross domestic product (GDP) was higher than in any of the countries selected here. Australian, Canadian, and South Korean households had an amount of credit which was higher than the overall size of their economy. That year, household lending in Argentina amounted to 4 percent of its GDP, which was the lowest figure in the ranking.

What is the household debt?

Household debt, also known as family debt, includes loans taken to pay for the home or other property, education, vehicles, and other expenses. The largest component of this is mortgage debt, which is seen by many as a way to build long-term equity. As such, households are willing to take on a large amount of this debt with the goal of owning an asset that holds value and can be used as a residence in the meantime.

The cost of debt

The cost of a loan depends on a number of factors such as the interest rate, borrower’s credit risk or time period of a loan. The value of mortgage and the rate of return on assets such as real estate also depend largely on geographic location. The highest borrowers in this statistic are likely living in countries where credit is affordable and expected returns are relatively high, incentivizing heavy borrowing.

As of December 2024, Japan held United States treasury securities totaling about 1.06 trillion U.S. dollars. Foreign holders of United States treasury debt According to the Federal Reserve and U.S. Department of the Treasury, foreign countries held a total of 8.5 trillion U.S. dollars in U.S. treasury securities as of December 2024. Of the total held by foreign countries, Japan and Mainland China held the greatest portions, with China holding 759 billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. The U.S. public debt In 2023, the United States had a total public national debt of 33.2 trillion U.S. dollars, an amount that has been rising steadily, particularly since 2008. In 2023, the total interest expense on debt held by the public of the United States reached 678 billion U.S. dollars, while 197 billion U.S. dollars in interest expense were intra governmental debt holdings. Total outlays of the U.S. government were 6.1 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023. By 2029, spending is projected to reach 8.3 trillion U.S. dollars.

This scatter chart displays central government debt (% of GDP) against death rate (per 1,000 people) in Canada. The data is filtered where the date is 2021. The data is about countries per year.