Energy Futures employs economic, and energy supply and demand models, to make projections based on a certain set of assumptions of what we know today about technology, energy and climate policies, human behaviour and the structure of the economy.

This statistic provides the energy demand of end-users in Canada from 2005 to 2014 with a projection from 2015 to 2040. For 2015, an end-use demand in the Canadian residential sector of ***** petajoules was estimated.

The Canada Energy Regulator’s (CER) Energy Futures series explores how possible energy pathways might unfold for Canadians over the long term. The report employs economic and energy models to make projections based on a certain set of assumptions given what we know today about technology, energy and climate policies, human behaviour, and the structure of the economy.

A simulation of projected changes in annual mean temperatures from the period 1961 to 1990 to the period 2040 to 2060 for Canada is shown on this map. The temperature changes would not be evenly distributed geographically. The largest warming projected is for the interior and northern parts of the country. Temperatures are projected to continue increasing as the century progresses. Temperatures would generally increase as a consequence of the projected increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. The results are based on climate change simulations made with the Coupled Global Climate Model developed by Environment Canada.

Canada’s Energy Future 2016: Energy Supply and Demand Projections to 2040 contains a projection of future energy supply and demand trends in Canada and historical data to 2005. Given the numerous uncertainties and factors that may affect forward trends, the data includes six possible future scenarios based on different assumptions. The source code for how the National Energy Board visualized this data, is also available.

The statistic shows Canada's hydro, wave and tidal power generation between 2005 and 2040. It is estimated that in 2040, ***** terawatt hours of such power will be generated here. Forecasts are a baseline projection which is considered to be the “most likely” outcome for Canada’s energy future, given the underlying assumptions.

Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada.https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canadaFirst Nations Locationhttps://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/b6567c5c-8339-4055-99fa-63f92114d9e4Aboriginal Lands of Canada Legislative Boundarieshttps://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/522b07b9-78e2-4819-b736-ad9208eb1067National Ecological Framework for Canadahttps://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/3ef8e8a9-8d05-4fea-a8bf-7f5023d2b6e1Fire season length - Reference Period (1981-2010)https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/79cc1180-459e-4be8-abc8-b98874288209Difference in fire season length - Short-term (2011-2040) under RCP 8.5 compared to reference periodhttps://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/e747750a-40dc-4ab3-be49-fe555eb68293Difference in fire season length - Medium-term (2041-2070) under RCP 8.5 compared to reference periodhttps://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/99875416-4ef0-4dc1-889f-aa098beb7950Difference in fire season length - Long-term (2071-2100) under RCP 8.5 compared to reference periodhttps://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/0e5dc74b-380c-433d-bdce-e3cd06effab3

This statistic shows the price of industrial electricity to end users in Canada from 2005 to 2018, with projections until 2040. It is estimated that in 2040, the end use price of industrial electricity will be 37.38 Canadian dollars per gigajoule. Forecasts are a baseline projection which is considered to be the “most likely” outcome for Canada’s energy future, given the underlying assumptions.

Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada.https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canadaFirst Nations Locationhttps://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/b6567c5c-8339-4055-99fa-63f92114d9e4Aboriginal Lands of Canada Legislative Boundarieshttps://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/522b07b9-78e2-4819-b736-ad9208eb1067National Ecological Framework for Canadahttps://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/3ef8e8a9-8d05-4fea-a8bf-7f5023d2b6e1Number of large fires (>200 hectares) - Reference Period (1981-2010)https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/3acc0a45-7592-4ea6-94db-09f3681bc579Number of large fires (>200 hectares) - Short-term (2011-2040) under RCP 8.5https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/7ad84d88-5d3b-45f6-894e-1c03876104beNumber of large fires (>200 hectares) - Medium-term (2041-2070) under RCP 8.5https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/ca6bf237-d7ca-4d49-9046-b39f89e1a10fNumber of large fires (>200 hectares) - Long-term (2071-2100) under RCP 8.5https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/cc2e34ca-af04-4948-9e1a-2ef78c3b39fa

Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada.https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canadaFirst Nations Locationhttps://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/b6567c5c-8339-4055-99fa-63f92114d9e4Aboriginal Lands of Canada Legislative Boundarieshttps://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/522b07b9-78e2-4819-b736-ad9208eb1067National Ecological Framework for Canadahttps://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/3ef8e8a9-8d05-4fea-a8bf-7f5023d2b6e1Fire season length - Reference Period (1981-2010)https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/79cc1180-459e-4be8-abc8-b98874288209Difference in fire season length - Short-term (2011-2040) under RCP 8.5 compared to reference periodhttps://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/e747750a-40dc-4ab3-be49-fe555eb68293Difference in fire season length - Medium-term (2041-2070) under RCP 8.5 compared to reference periodhttps://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/99875416-4ef0-4dc1-889f-aa098beb7950Difference in fire season length - Long-term (2071-2100) under RCP 8.5 compared to reference periodhttps://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/0e5dc74b-380c-433d-bdce-e3cd06effab3

This statistic projects the net electricity exports and interprovincial transfers from and within Canada from 2014 to 2040. Interprovincial electricity transfers in Canada are estimated to amount approximately **** terawatt hours by 2020.

19E-1, CONC 2

PARCEL 7 IN N.W. 1/4 SEC. 7 - TP. 22 - RGE. 22

Drought is a deficiency in precipitation over an extended period, usually a season or more, resulting in a water shortage that has adverse impacts on vegetation, animals and/or people.

The Climate Moisture Index (CMI) was calculated as the difference between annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) – the potential loss of water vapour from a landscape covered by vegetation. Positive CMI values indicate wet or moist conditions and show that precipitation is sufficient to sustain a closed-canopy forest. Negative CMI values indicate dry conditions that, at best, can support discontinuous parkland-type forests. The CMI is well suited to evaluating moisture conditions in dry regions such as the Prairie Provinces and has been used for other ecological studies.

Mean annual potential evapotranspiration (PET) was estimated for 30-year periods using the modified Penman-Monteith formulation of Hogg (1997), based on monthly 10-km gridded temperature data. Data shown on maps are 30-year averages.

Historical values of CMI (1981-2010) were created by averaging annual CMI calculated from interpolated monthly temperature and precipitation data produced from climate station records. Future values of CMI were projected from downscaled monthly values of temperature and precipitation simulated using the Canadian Earth System Model version 2 (CanESM2) for multiple RCP radiative forcing scenarios.

Provided layer: Climate moisture index (CMI) - Future projections using RCP 8.5 for 2011-2040.

Reference: Hogg, E.H. 1997. Temporal scaling of moisture and the forest-grassland boundary in western Canada. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 84,115–122.

Canada’s Energy Future 2016: Update - Energy Supply and Demand Projections to 2040 contains a projection of future energy supply and demand trends in Canada and historical data to 2005. Given the numerous uncertainties and factors that may affect forward trends, the data includes three possible future scenarios based on different assumptions. The methodology is also provided to provide context in understanding the data. The source code for how the National Energy Board visualized this data, is also available.

The Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators (CESI) program provides data and information to track Canada's performance on key environmental sustainability issues. The indicator provides an overview of Canada's projected greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions up to 2040. The indicator allows the public and policy-makers to see Canada's modelled GHG emissions projections relative to the 2030 and 2035 targets and beyond with projections up to 2040. Information is provided to Canadians in a number of formats including: static and interactive maps, charts and graphs, HTML and CSV data tables and downloadable reports. See the supplementary documentation for the data sources and details on how the data were collected and how the indicator was calculated. Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators: https://www.canada.ca/environmental-indicators

The fire regime describes the patterns of fire seasonality, frequency, size, spatial continuity, intensity, type (e.g., crown or surface fire) and severity in a particular area or ecosystem.

The number of large fires refers to the annual number of fires greater than 200 hectares (ha) that occur per units of 100,000 ha. It was calculated per Homogeneous Fire Regime (HFR) zones. These HFR zones represent areas where the fire regime is similar over a broad spatial scale (Boulanger et al. 2014). Such zonation is useful in identifying areas with unusual fire regimes that would have been overlooked if fires had been aggregated according to administrative and/or ecological classifications.

Fire data comes from the Canadian National Fire Database covering 1959–1999 (for HFR zones building) and 1959-1995 (for model building). Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) modeling was used to relate monthly fire regime attributes with monthly climatic/fire-weather in each HFR zone. Future climatic data were simulated using the Canadian Earth System Model version 2 (CanESM2) and downscaled at a 10 Km resolution using ANUSPLIN for two different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP). RCPs are different greenhouse gas concentration trajectories adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for its fifth Assessment Report. RCP 2.6 (referred to as rapid emissions reductions) assumes that greenhouse gas concentrations peak between 2010-2020, with emissions declining thereafter. In the RCP 8.5 scenario (referred to as continued emissions increases) greenhouse gas concentrations continue to rise throughout the 21st century.

Provided layer: projected number of large fires (>200 ha) across Canada for the short-term (2011-2040) under the RCP 8.5 (continued emissions increases).

Reference: Boulanger, Y., Gauthier, S., et al. 2014. A refinement of models projecting future Canadian fire regimes using homogeneous fire regime zones. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, 365–376.

The Accessible Canada Act (2019) requires that Federal Departments publish Accessibility Plans. However, the mission behind this Plan goes far beyond meeting a requirement. The Act and this Plan push us toward a better future for our country – one where everyone can take part fully in society. The work we do in support of the Act and this Plan benefits everyone through the realization of a Canada without barriers, a goal the Act commits to achieving by 2040. While everyone benefits from this work, the benefit to persons with disabilities is the true mission. In support of the Government of Canada’s goal of a barrier-free Canada by 2040, the purpose of Justice Canada’s Accessibility Plan is to create a cohesive, unifying force within the accessibility community at Justice that allows us to create meaningful change together. A dedicated network exists to support the Accessibility Plan and ensure we achieve these goals, with two Co-Champions, six Pillar Leads, an Executive lead for accessibility and an Accessibility Coordinator, the Advisory Committee on Persons with Disabilities, and the Accessibility Plan Task Force. To ensure the Plan itself reflects high standards for accessibility and inclusion, the development process involves intensive review for Plain and Inclusive language. Further, intersectional Gender-based Analysis Plus (GBA Plus) and the perspectives of diverse equity-seeking groups inform the content. Changing our Department’s culture to one of accessibility by default is the ultimate goal of this Plan. To do this, we align the Accessibility Commitments for Justice Canada under six Pillars: Employment Built Environment Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Communications, other than ICT (Communications)

Drought is a deficiency in precipitation over an extended period, usually a season or more, resulting in a water shortage that has adverse impacts on vegetation, animals and/or people. The Climate Moisture Index (CMI) was calculated as the difference between annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) – the potential loss of water vapour from a landscape covered by vegetation. Positive CMI values indicate wet or moist conditions and show that precipitation is sufficient to sustain a closed-canopy forest. Negative CMI values indicate dry conditions that, at best, can support discontinuous parkland-type forests. The CMI is well suited to evaluating moisture conditions in dry regions such as the Prairie Provinces and has been used for other ecological studies. Mean annual potential evapotranspiration (PET) was estimated for 30-year periods using the modified Penman-Monteith formulation of Hogg (1997), based on monthly 10-km gridded temperature data. Data shown on maps are 30-year averages. Historical values of CMI (1981-2010) were created by averaging annual CMI calculated from interpolated monthly temperature and precipitation data produced from climate station records. Future values of CMI were projected from downscaled monthly values of temperature and precipitation simulated using the Canadian Earth System Model version 2 (CanESM2) for multiple RCP radiative forcing scenarios. Provided layer: Climate moisture index (CMI) - Future projections using RCP 8.5 for 2011-2040. Reference: Hogg, E.H. 1997. Temporal scaling of moisture and the forest-grassland boundary in western Canada. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 84,115–122.

{"Le rapport Avenir énergétique du Canada – Offre et demande énergétiques à l'horizon 2040 renferme une projection de l'évolution de l'offre et de la demande énergétiques futures au Canada, ainsi que des données historiques remontant à 2005. Pour prendre en compte les multiples incertitudes et facteurs pouvant influer sur cette évolution future, le rapport explore six scénarios prévisionnels bâtis à partir de diverses hypotheses. Il est également possible de se procurer le code source auprès de l'Office national de l'énergie pour la visualisation des données.","Canada's Energy Future 2016: Energy Supply and Demand Projections to 2040 contains a projection of future energy supply and demand trends in Canada and historical data to 2005. Given the numerous uncertainties and factors that may affect forward trends, the data includes six possible future scenarios based on different assumptions. The source code for how the National Energy Board visualized this data, is also available."}