100+ datasets found
  1. Adjusted daily rainfall and snowfall dataset for Canada

    • open.canada.ca
    zip
    Updated Apr 22, 2023
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    Environment and Climate Change Canada (2023). Adjusted daily rainfall and snowfall dataset for Canada [Dataset]. https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/d8616c52-a812-44ad-8754-7bcc0d8de305
    Explore at:
    zipAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Apr 22, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    Environment And Climate Change Canadahttps://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change.html
    License

    Open Government Licence - Canada 2.0https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    The AdjDlyRS dataset contains adjusted daily rainfall (R) and snowfall (S) data from all Canadian stations reporting rainfall and snowfall for which we have metadata to do the adjustments (Wang et al. 2017). The processing includes inspection and adjustments using quality control procedures customized for producing gridded datasets (Wang et al. 2017), including: (1) conversion of snowfall ruler measurements to their water equivalents; (2) corrections for gauge undercatch and evaporation due to wind effect, for gauge specific wetting loss, and for trace precipitation amount; and (3) treatment of flags (e.g. accumulation flags). Version 2020 or later versions of this dataset also includes identification and correction of random erroneous values, including false zeros, which usually arose from missing values being misrecorded as 0 precipitation in the climate Archive (Cheng et al. 2022). All the identified erroneous daily values are set to missing. A total of 3346 stations were processed, but the data series are not homogenized. Most of the stations are located in southern Canada and have short and/or seasonal data records. The number of stations changes over time: there are 512-958 stations in the period 1948-1964, 1012-2038 stations in the period 1965-2008, and only around 300 stations in the recent years. Note that the unadjusted/raw total precipitation data in Environment and Climate Change Canada's digital Archive underestimate more than 25% of the total precipitation in northern Canada, and about 10-15% in most of southern Canada (Wang et al. 2017). References: (1) Wang, X. L., Xu, B. Qian, Y. Feng, E. Mekis, 2017: Adjusted daily rainfall and snowfall data for Canada, Atmosphere-Ocean, 55:3, 155-168, DOI:10.1080/07055900.2017.1342163. (2) Cheng, V. Y.S., X. L. Wang, Y. Feng, 2022: A quality control system for historical in situ precipitation data. Atmosphere-Ocean (submitted)

  2. u

    Foreign exchange rates in Canadian dollars, Bank of Canada, daily -...

    • data.urbandatacentre.ca
    Updated Oct 19, 2025
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    (2025). Foreign exchange rates in Canadian dollars, Bank of Canada, daily - Catalogue - Canadian Urban Data Catalogue (CUDC) [Dataset]. https://data.urbandatacentre.ca/dataset/gov-canada-1bc25b1e-0e02-4a5e-afd7-7b96d6728aac
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Oct 19, 2025
    License

    Open Government Licence - Canada 2.0https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    This table contains 44 series, with data for years 1950 - 2017 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and is no longer being released. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada); Type of currency (44 items: United States dollar, noon spot rate; United States dollar, 90-day forward noon rate; Belgian franc, noon spot rate; Danish krone, noon spot rate; ...).

  3. Daily Cash Balance

    • open.canada.ca
    • ouvert.canada.ca
    • +1more
    csv, xml
    Updated Nov 6, 2025
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    Public Services and Procurement Canada (2025). Daily Cash Balance [Dataset]. https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/477bf61b-e764-4f24-8a8a-687a5755002e
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    csv, xmlAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Nov 6, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    Public Services and Procurement Canadahttp://www.pwgsc.gc.ca/
    License

    Open Government Licence - Canada 2.0https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    The Department of Public Services and Procurement Canada, in its role as Receiver General for Canada, is responsible for the management and safeguarding of all federal government money. All funds paid to the Government of Canada are held in a central account at the Bank of Canada, known as the Consolidated Revenue Fund (CRF). The Receiver General uses a centralized banking system (Government Banking System or GBS) to record the inflow of funds to the CRF. Using this system, cash balances at the Bank of Canada are reviewed and approved each day by the Receiver General. This dataset entitled “Daily Cash Balances” provides details, extracted from the GBS, of the balance and amounts held at the Bank of Canada. Updates will be posted quarterly.

  4. Daily newspaper consumption by brand in Canada 2024

    • statista.com
    Updated Jul 9, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Daily newspaper consumption by brand in Canada 2024 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/forecasts/998517/daily-newspaper-consumption-by-brand-in-canada
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 9, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Jan 2024 - Dec 2024
    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    We asked Canadian consumers about "Daily newspaper consumption by brand" and found that "Toronto Star" takes the top spot, while "The London Free Press" is at the other end of the ranking.These results are based on a representative online survey conducted in 2024 among *** consumers in Canada. Looking to gain valuable insights about print media consumers worldwide? Check out our

  5. Canada Daily Weather Data from 2018 to 2023

    • kaggle.com
    zip
    Updated Feb 27, 2024
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    Jai Vigneshwar Aiyyappan (2024). Canada Daily Weather Data from 2018 to 2023 [Dataset]. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/jash312/canada-daily-weather-data-from-2018-to-2023/versions/1
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    zip(44576497 bytes)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    Feb 27, 2024
    Authors
    Jai Vigneshwar Aiyyappan
    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    This dataset encapsulates monthly weather information meticulously collected from 2018 to 2023, encompassing all provinces in Canada. Originally organized as monthly files for individual weather stations, the data has been thoughtfully combined to provide a comprehensive overview. The dataset includes essential features such as Mean Temperature (°C), Heating Degree Days (°C), Cooling Degree Days (°C), Total Rainfall (mm), Total Snowfall (cm), Total Precipitation (mm), Snow on the Ground (cm), Direction of Maximum Gust (10s deg), and Speed of Maximum Gust (km/h). This consolidated dataset serves as a valuable resource for detailed analysis, shedding light on climatic variations and trends specific to each province across Canada over the specified time period.

    example individual file name: climate_daily_PROVTERR_XXXXXXX_YYYY-MM_P1D.csv

    where,

    climate : Constant string indicating the data source, namely climate data

    daily : Constant string indicating daily climate data

    PROVTERR : 2-letter code for the province or territory, and 1 string for National coverage.

    XXXXXXX : Climate_ID of the climate stations

    YYYY : Year of the climate daily data

    MM : Month of the climate daily/monthly data

    P1D : Constant string indicating 1 day time step (ISO8601 standard)

    csv : Constant string indicating the CSV format

    https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/climate-change/canadian-centre-climate-services/display-download/technical-documentation-daily-data.html

  6. Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) Daily Snow Depth Analysis Data, Version...

    • data.nasa.gov
    Updated Apr 1, 2025
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    nasa.gov (2025). Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) Daily Snow Depth Analysis Data, Version 1 - Dataset - NASA Open Data Portal [Dataset]. https://data.nasa.gov/dataset/canadian-meteorological-centre-cmc-daily-snow-depth-analysis-data-version-1-e1a46
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 1, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    NASAhttp://nasa.gov/
    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    This data set consists of a Northern Hemisphere subset of the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) operational global daily snow depth analysis. Data include daily analyzed snow depths, as well as monthly means and climatologies of snow depth and estimated snow water equivalent (SWE).

  7. Daily COVID-19 Restrictions Index

    • www150.statcan.gc.ca
    • open.canada.ca
    Updated Aug 24, 2022
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    Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022). Daily COVID-19 Restrictions Index [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.25318/3310049601-eng
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 24, 2022
    Dataset provided by
    Statistics Canadahttps://statcan.gc.ca/en
    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    This table contains restriction indexes for the provinces and territories. The indexes begin in January 2020 and continue to the most recent reference period. The indexes are not seasonally adjusted. A difference is reported for restrictions on vaccinated and unvaccinated persons once a difference is present.

  8. Daily average time spent on various activities, by age group and gender,...

    • www150.statcan.gc.ca
    • open.canada.ca
    Updated Jun 5, 2024
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    Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2024). Daily average time spent on various activities, by age group and gender, 2022 [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.25318/4510010401-eng
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 5, 2024
    Dataset provided by
    Statistics Canadahttps://statcan.gc.ca/en
    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    Daily average time and proportion of day spent on various activities, by age group and gender, 15 years and over, Canada, Geographical region of Canada, province or territory, 2022.

  9. Duration of daily commute in Canada 2025

    • statista.com
    Updated Jul 25, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Duration of daily commute in Canada 2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/forecasts/998600/duration-of-daily-commute-in-canada
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 25, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Jul 2024 - Jun 2025
    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    When asked about "Duration of daily commute", ** percent of Canadian respondents answer ******************. This online survey was conducted in 2025, among 2,734 consumers.

  10. Eighty years of Canadian climate data

    • kaggle.com
    Updated Jan 27, 2020
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    Anna Turner (2020). Eighty years of Canadian climate data [Dataset]. https://www.kaggle.com/aturner374/eighty-years-of-canadian-climate-data/discussion
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    CroissantCroissant is a format for machine-learning datasets. Learn more about this at mlcommons.org/croissant.
    Dataset updated
    Jan 27, 2020
    Dataset provided by
    Kagglehttp://kaggle.com/
    Authors
    Anna Turner
    License

    https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    This dataset has been compiled from public sources. The dataset consists of daily temperatures and precipitation from 13 Canadian centres. Precipitation is either rain or snow (likely snow in winter months). In 1940, there is daily data for seven out of the 13 centres, but by 1960 there is daily data from all 13 centres, with the occasional missing value.

    Few of Canada’s weather stations have been operating continuously, so we did need to patch together the data. Our source data is from https://climate-change.canada.ca/climate-data/#/daily-climate-data and here are the weather stations that we queried: CALGARY INTL A CALGARY INT'L A EDMONTON INTL A EDMONTON INT'L A HALIFAX STANFIELD INT'L A HALIFAX STANFIELD INT'L A MONCTON A MONCTON A MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A OTTAWA INTL A OTTAWA MACDONALD-CARTIER INT'L A QUEBEC/JEAN LESAGE INTL QUEBEC/JEAN LESAGE INTL A SASKATOON DIEFENBAKER INT'L A SASKATOON INTL A ST JOHN'S A ST JOHNS WEST CLIMATE TORONTO INTL A TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A VANCOUVER INTL A VANCOUVER INT'L A WHITEHORSE A WHITEHORSE A WINNIPEG RICHARDSON INT'L A WINNIPEG THE FORKS

    Suggested uses: The data is suitable for time series forecasting. At Penny Analytics, we are using this dataset to demonstrate outlier detection (anomaly detection) in multiple time series and here is the relevant blogpost: https://pennyanalytics.com/2020/01/28/climate-change-canadian-weather-anomalies-are-now-warmer-and-wetter/

  11. u

    Adjusted and Homogenized Canadian Climate Data – Daily Temperature and...

    • data.urbandatacentre.ca
    • datasets.ai
    • +1more
    Updated Oct 19, 2025
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    (2025). Adjusted and Homogenized Canadian Climate Data – Daily Temperature and Precipitation (AHCCD – daily T&P) [Dataset]. https://data.urbandatacentre.ca/dataset/gov-canada-d6813de6-b20a-46cc-8990-01862ae15c5f
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Oct 19, 2025
    License

    Open Government Licence - Canada 2.0https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    The data consist of homogenized daily maximum, minimum and mean surface air temperatures for more than 330 locations in Canada; adjusted daily rainfall, snowfall and total precipitation for more than 460 locations. The data are given for the entire period of observation. Please refer to the papers below for detailed information regarding the procedures for homogenization and adjustment. References: Mekis, É. and L.A. Vincent, 2011: An overview of the second generation adjusted daily precipitation dataset for trend analysis in Canada. Atmosphere-Ocean, 49(2), 163-177. Vincent, L. A., X. L. Wang, E. J. Milewska, H. Wan, F. Yang, and V. Swail, 2012. A second generation of homogenized Canadian monthly surface air temperature for climate trend analysis, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D18110, doi:10.1029/2012JD017859. Wang, X.L, Y. Feng, L. A. Vincent, 2013. Observed changes in one-in-20 year extremes of Canadian surface air temperatures. Atmosphere-Ocean. Doi:10.1080/07055900.2013.818526.

  12. r

    Forecast: Female Daily Smokers in Canada 2023 - 2027

    • reportlinker.com
    Updated Apr 7, 2024
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    ReportLinker (2024). Forecast: Female Daily Smokers in Canada 2023 - 2027 [Dataset]. https://www.reportlinker.com/dataset/ca7501dcd6ef18e0e1f209d4290651449d4c3e8c
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 7, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    ReportLinker
    License

    Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    Forecast: Female Daily Smokers in Canada 2023 - 2027 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

  13. How to use serving size and % daily value

    • open.canada.ca
    • ouvert.canada.ca
    html, pdf
    Updated Feb 24, 2022
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    Health Canada (2022). How to use serving size and % daily value [Dataset]. https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/9b893509-cbe7-4313-82e4-465078aad8b7
    Explore at:
    pdf, htmlAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Feb 24, 2022
    Dataset provided by
    Health Canadahttp://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/
    License

    Open Government Licence - Canada 2.0https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    A flyer informing Canadians how to read food labels properly.

  14. Total daily global percent increase in number of Canadian abroad registrants...

    • open.canada.ca
    • ouvert.canada.ca
    csv, doc
    Updated Oct 15, 2025
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    Global Affairs Canada (2025). Total daily global percent increase in number of Canadian abroad registrants [Dataset]. https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/4f6d0489-adea-43ed-a19f-62355d1e9d66
    Explore at:
    csv, docAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Oct 15, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    Global Affairs Canadahttp://www.international.gc.ca/
    License

    Open Government Licence - Canada 2.0https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    The Registration of Canadians Abroad service enables government officials to contact you to provide important information in preparation for an emergency. This dataset provides information on the total daily global increase in number of registrants. Notice: Our apologies for the unavailability of regular updates of this dataset, but due to technical issues out of our control, we have been unable to send those updates with the latest data to the Open Data portal. Once these technical issues are resolved, we will pursue those regular updates of the dataset.

  15. Potable water use by sector and average daily use

    • www150.statcan.gc.ca
    • open.canada.ca
    • +1more
    Updated Nov 14, 2023
    + more versions
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    Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2023). Potable water use by sector and average daily use [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.25318/3810027101-eng
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    Dataset updated
    Nov 14, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    Statistics Canadahttps://statcan.gc.ca/en
    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    Potable water use by sector and average daily use for Canada, provinces and territories.

  16. C

    Canada Natural Gas: Consumption

    • ceicdata.com
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    CEICdata.com, Canada Natural Gas: Consumption [Dataset]. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/canada/natural-gas-consumption
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    Dataset provided by
    CEICdata.com
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Dec 1, 2013 - Dec 1, 2024
    Area covered
    Canada
    Variables measured
    Materials Consumption
    Description

    Key information about Canada Natural Gas: Consumption

    • Canada Natural Gas: Consumption was reported at 12.402 Cub ft/Day bn in Dec 2024
    • This records an increase from the previous number of 12.009 Cub ft/Day bn for Dec 2023
    • Canada Natural Gas: Consumption data is updated yearly, averaging 7.233 Cub ft/Day bn from Dec 1965 to 2024, with 60 observations
    • The data reached an all-time high of 12.402 Cub ft/Day bn in 2024 and a record low of 2.096 Cub ft/Day bn in 1965
    • Canada Natural Gas: Consumption data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by BP PLC
    • The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Association: Energy Sector – Table RB.BP.NS: Natural Gas: Consumption

  17. T

    Canada Interest Rate

    • trendonify.com
    csv
    Updated Oct 29, 2025
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    Trendonify (2025). Canada Interest Rate [Dataset]. https://www.trendonify.com/canada/interest-rate
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    csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Oct 29, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Trendonify
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Jan 4, 1999 - Oct 29, 2025
    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    Daily dataset of the Canada Interest Rate, including historical data, latest releases, and long-term trends from 1999-01-04 to 2025-10-29. Available for free download in CSV format.

  18. Online daily news sources accessed first each day in Canada 2023

    • statista.com
    Updated Oct 26, 2023
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    Statista (2023). Online daily news sources accessed first each day in Canada 2023 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1419433/first-daily-news-consumption-sources-canada/
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    Dataset updated
    Oct 26, 2023
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Jun 4, 2023 - Jun 6, 2023
    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    According to a survey held in June 2023, ** percent of Canadians headed to a Canadian news website first when they accessed news each day, whereas just ***** percent sought news via Apple News as their go-to option. Facebook and Google were both popular, whereas Twitter (now X) was the least visited major social network for news on an average day.

  19. u

    Indices based on daily temperature and precipitation - Catalogue - Canadian...

    • data.urbandatacentre.ca
    Updated Oct 19, 2025
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    (2025). Indices based on daily temperature and precipitation - Catalogue - Canadian Urban Data Catalogue (CUDC) [Dataset]. https://data.urbandatacentre.ca/dataset/gov-canada-0baf6e3e-bd90-4893-8b54-4931e7c36ca5
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Oct 19, 2025
    License

    Open Government Licence - Canada 2.0https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    The data consists of temperature indices based on homogenized daily maximum and minimum temperatures at 338 locations across Canada, and of precipitation indices based on adjusted daily rainfall, daily snowfall and daily precipitation amounts at 463 locations across the country. These indices were selected for their relevance to social and economic impact assessment in Canada and for the insights they could provide regarding changes in extreme climate conditions. Please refer to the papers below for detailed information regarding the adjustment procedures and the trends in the indices.

  20. u

    Canadian Historical Daily Snow Depth Database - Catalogue - Canadian Urban...

    • data.urbandatacentre.ca
    Updated Oct 19, 2025
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    (2025). Canadian Historical Daily Snow Depth Database - Catalogue - Canadian Urban Data Catalogue (CUDC) [Dataset]. https://data.urbandatacentre.ca/dataset/gov-canada-86829b5f-602c-4100-9a47-f485b2a885e4
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    Dataset updated
    Oct 19, 2025
    License

    Open Government Licence - Canada 2.0https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    This dataset includes historical observations of the daily depth of snow on the ground (daily climate element 013) made at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) sites by manual ruler or by a sonic sensor equipped autostations. The history of the ECCC daily snow depth observing program is provided in Brown et al. (2021) along with a detailed intercomparison of ruler and sonic sensor observations that showed manual observations typically reporting more snow than a nearby sonic sensor. The database includes a measurement method flag to differentiate between the two methods. This update extends the Canadian historical daily snow depth database (originally provided on the Canadian Snow CD in 2000) up to the end of the 2016/17 snow season. The same procedures were applied to fill missing values and QC data - see MSC (2000) and Brown and Braaten (1998). This latest update was carried out for snow seasons 2000/01 to 2016/17, where a snow season is defined as starting August 01 and ending July 31, and the data merged with the previous update made in 2004 covering the period up to snow season 2003/04. The 2000-2003 period was included in this update to take account of additional data in the ECCC climate archive that were unavailable in 2004. Daily snow depth data for the period after July 31, 2017 can be downloaded using the daily climate data extraction tool at the Canadian Centre for Climate Services (https://climate-change.canada.ca/climate-data/#/daily-climate-data). Warning: The method used to reconstruct snow cover is likely to considerably underestimate snow depth from underestimation of solid precipitation, and the assumption that fallen snow immediately attains a density of 300 kg/m3 upon reaching the ground. Reconstructed snow depths are not considered reliable for data gaps larger than ~14 days.

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Environment and Climate Change Canada (2023). Adjusted daily rainfall and snowfall dataset for Canada [Dataset]. https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/d8616c52-a812-44ad-8754-7bcc0d8de305
Organization logo

Adjusted daily rainfall and snowfall dataset for Canada

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7 scholarly articles cite this dataset (View in Google Scholar)
zipAvailable download formats
Dataset updated
Apr 22, 2023
Dataset provided by
Environment And Climate Change Canadahttps://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change.html
License

Open Government Licence - Canada 2.0https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
License information was derived automatically

Area covered
Canada
Description

The AdjDlyRS dataset contains adjusted daily rainfall (R) and snowfall (S) data from all Canadian stations reporting rainfall and snowfall for which we have metadata to do the adjustments (Wang et al. 2017). The processing includes inspection and adjustments using quality control procedures customized for producing gridded datasets (Wang et al. 2017), including: (1) conversion of snowfall ruler measurements to their water equivalents; (2) corrections for gauge undercatch and evaporation due to wind effect, for gauge specific wetting loss, and for trace precipitation amount; and (3) treatment of flags (e.g. accumulation flags). Version 2020 or later versions of this dataset also includes identification and correction of random erroneous values, including false zeros, which usually arose from missing values being misrecorded as 0 precipitation in the climate Archive (Cheng et al. 2022). All the identified erroneous daily values are set to missing. A total of 3346 stations were processed, but the data series are not homogenized. Most of the stations are located in southern Canada and have short and/or seasonal data records. The number of stations changes over time: there are 512-958 stations in the period 1948-1964, 1012-2038 stations in the period 1965-2008, and only around 300 stations in the recent years. Note that the unadjusted/raw total precipitation data in Environment and Climate Change Canada's digital Archive underestimate more than 25% of the total precipitation in northern Canada, and about 10-15% in most of southern Canada (Wang et al. 2017). References: (1) Wang, X. L., Xu, B. Qian, Y. Feng, E. Mekis, 2017: Adjusted daily rainfall and snowfall data for Canada, Atmosphere-Ocean, 55:3, 155-168, DOI:10.1080/07055900.2017.1342163. (2) Cheng, V. Y.S., X. L. Wang, Y. Feng, 2022: A quality control system for historical in situ precipitation data. Atmosphere-Ocean (submitted)

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