Government Debt in Canada increased to 1223.62 CAD Billion in 2024 from 1173.01 CAD Billion in 2023. This dataset provides - Canada Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Quarterly gross and net debt to gross domestic product for federal and other levels of general government.

Canada recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 110.80 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides - Canada Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Debt service ratios, interest and obligated principal payments on debt, and related statistics for households, Canada.

Quarterly total debt to equity and credit market debt to equity for private non-financial corporations.

Households Debt in Canada decreased to 99.58 percent of GDP in the first quarter of 2025 from 100.39 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2024. This dataset provides - Canada Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Historical dataset showing Canada national debt by year from 1990 to 2023.

🏦 Synthetic Loan Approval Dataset

A Realistic, High-Quality Dataset for Credit Risk Modelling

🎯 Why This Dataset?

Most loan datasets on Kaggle have unrealistic patterns where:

1. ❌ Credit scores don't matter
2. ❌ Approval logic is backwards
3. ❌ Models learn nonsense patterns

Unlike most loan datasets available online, this one is built on real banking criteria from US and Canadian financial institutions. Drawing from 3 years of hands-on finance industry experience, the dataset incorporates realistic correlations and business logic that reflect how actual lending decisions are made. This makes it perfect for data scientists looking to build portfolio projects that showcase not just coding ability, but genuine understanding of credit risk modelling.

📊 Dataset Overview

🔑 Key Features

Identifier:

-Customer ID (unique identifier for each application)

Demographics:

-Age, Occupation Status, Years Employed

Financial Profile:

-Annual Income, Credit Score, Credit History Length -Savings/Assets, Current Debt

Credit Behaviour:

-Defaults on File, Delinquencies, Derogatory Marks

Loan Request:

-Product Type, Loan Intent, Loan Amount, Interest Rate

Calculated Ratios:

-Debt-to-Income, Loan-to-Income, Payment-to-Income

💡 What Makes This Dataset Special?

1️⃣ Real-World Approval Logic The dataset implements actual banking criteria: - DTI ratio > 50% = automatic rejection - Defaults on file = instant reject - Credit score bands match real lending thresholds - Employment verification for loans ≥$20K

2️⃣ Realistic Correlations - Higher income → Better credit scores - Older applicants → Longer credit history - Students → Lower income, special treatment for small loans - Loan intent affects approval (Education best, Debt Consolidation worst)

3️⃣ Product-Specific Rules - Credit Cards: More lenient, higher limits - Personal Loans: Standard criteria, up to $100K - Line of Credit: Capped at $50K, manual review for high amounts

4️⃣ Edge Cases Included - Young applicants (age 18) building first credit - Students with thin credit files - Self-employed with variable income - High debt-to-income ratios - Multiple delinquencies

🎓 Perfect For - Machine Learning Practice: Binary classification with real patterns - Credit Risk Modelling: Learn actual lending criteria - Portfolio Projects: Build impressive, explainable models - Feature Engineering: Rich dataset with meaningful relationships - Business Analytics: Understand financial decision-making

📈 Quick Stats

Approval Rates by Product - Credit Card: 60.4% more lenient) - Personal Loan: 46.9 (standard) - Line of Credit: 52.6% (moderate)

Loan Intent (Best → Worst Approval Odds) 1. Education (63% approved) 2. Personal (58% approved) 3. Medical/Home (52% approved) 4. Business (48% approved) 5. Debt Consolidation (40% approved)

Credit Score Distribution - Mean: 644 - Range: 300-850 - Realistic bell curve around 600-700

Income Distribution - Mean: $50,063 - Median: $41,608 - Range: $15K - $250K

🎯 Expected Model Performance

With proper feature engineering and tuning: - Accuracy: 75-85% - ROC-AUC: 0.80-0.90 - F1-Score: 0.75-0.85

Important: Feature importance should show: 1. Credit Score (most important) 2. Debt-to-Income Ratio 3. Delinquencies 4. Loan Amount 5. Income

If your model shows different patterns, something's wrong!

🏆 Use Cases & Projects

Beginner - Binary classification with XGBoost/Random Forest - EDA and visualization practice - Feature importance analysis

Intermediate - Custom threshold optimization (profit maximization) - Cost-sensitive learning (false positive vs false negative) - Ensemble methods and stacking

Advanced - Explainable AI (SHAP, LIME) - Fairness analysis across demographics - Production-ready API with FastAPI/Flask - Streamlit deployment with business rules

⚠️ Important Notes

This is SYNTHETIC Data - Generated based on real banking criteria - No real customer data was used - Safe for public sharing and portfolio use

Limitations - Simplified approval logic (real banks use 100+ factors) - No temporal component (no time series) - Single country/currency assumed (USD) - No external factors (economy, market conditions)

Educational Purpose This dataset is designed for: - Learning credit risk modeling - Portfolio projects - ML practice - Understanding lending criteria

NOT for: - Actual lending decisions - Financial advice - Production use without validation

🤝 Contributing

Found an issue? Have suggestions? - Open an issue on GitHub - Suggest i...

Funds-From-Operation-To-Total-Debt Time Series for National Bank of Canada. National Bank of Canada provides financial services to individuals, businesses, institutional clients, and governments in Canada and internationally. It operates through four segments: Personal and Commercial, Wealth Management, Financial Markets, and U.S. Specialty Finance and International. The Personal and Commercial segment offers personal banking services, including transaction solutions, mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit, consumer loans, payment solutions, and savings and investment solutions; various insurance products; and commercial banking services, such as credit, and deposit, investment solutions, international trade, foreign exchange transactions, payroll, cash management, insurance, electronic transactions, and complimentary services. The Wealth Management segment provides full-service brokerage, private banking, direct brokerage, investment solutions, administrative and trade execution, transaction products, and trust and estate services. The Financial Markets segment offers corporate banking, advisory, and capital markets services; and project financing, debt, and equity underwriting; advisory services in the areas of mergers and acquisitions, and financing. The U.S. Specialty Finance and International segment provides specialty finance products; and personal and commercial banking in Cambodia. National Bank of Canada was founded in 1859 and is headquartered in Montreal, Canada.

Quarterly debt to gross domestic product, debt to disposable income and other indicators, for the household sector and the non-profit institutions serving households sector, by category.

Long-Term-Debt Time Series for National Bank of Canada. National Bank of Canada provides financial services to individuals, businesses, institutional clients, and governments in Canada and internationally. It operates through four segments: Personal and Commercial, Wealth Management, Financial Markets, and U.S. Specialty Finance and International. The Personal and Commercial segment offers personal banking services, including transaction solutions, mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit, consumer loans, payment solutions, and savings and investment solutions; various insurance products; and commercial banking services, such as credit, and deposit, investment solutions, international trade, foreign exchange transactions, payroll, cash management, insurance, electronic transactions, and complimentary services. The Wealth Management segment provides full-service brokerage, private banking, direct brokerage, investment solutions, administrative and trade execution, transaction products, and trust and estate services. The Financial Markets segment offers corporate banking, advisory, and capital markets services; and project financing, debt, and equity underwriting; advisory services in the areas of mergers and acquisitions, and financing. The U.S. Specialty Finance and International segment provides specialty finance products; and personal and commercial banking in Cambodia. National Bank of Canada was founded in 1859 and is headquartered in Montreal, Canada.

Long-Term-Debt Time Series for Air Canada. Air Canada provides domestic, U.S. transborder, and international airline services. The company provides scheduled passenger services under the Air Canada Vacations and Air Canada Rouge brand names in the Canadian market, the Canada-U.S. transborder market, and in the international market to and from Canada, as well as through capacity purchase agreements on other regional carriers. As of December 31, 2024, it operated a fleet of 212 aircraft under the Air Canada brand name comprising 122 Airbus narrow-body aircraft, and 90 Airbus wide-body aircraft; 40 aircraft under the Air Canada Rouge brand name consisting of 17 Airbus A321 aircraft, 5 Airbus A320 aircraft, and 18 Airbus A319 aircraft; and 118 aircraft under the Air Canada Express brand name, including 25 Embraer 175, 15 Mitsubishi CRJ-200, 35 Mitsubishi CRJ-900, and 43 De Havilland Dash 8-400aircraft. The company provides air cargo services for routes between Canada, the United States, Europe, Asia, South America, and Australia. In addition, it develops, operates, markets, and distributes vacation travel packages in the Caribbean, Mexico, the United States, Europe, Central and South America, Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East; offers cruise packages in North America, Europe, the Caribbean, Japan, and Dubai; and provides travel loyalty programs. Air Canada was founded in 1937 and is headquartered in Saint-Laurent, Canada.

Debt-To-Assets-Ratio Time Series for Dollar Tree Inc. Dollar Tree, Inc. operates retail discount stores under the Dollar Tree and Dollar Tree Canada brands in the United States and Canada. The company offers consumable merchandise comprising everyday consumables, such as household paper and chemicals, food, candy, health, personal care products, and frozen and refrigerated food; variety merchandise consisting of toys, durable housewares, gifts, stationery, party goods, greeting cards, softlines, arts and crafts supplies, and other items; and seasonal goods, including Christmas, Easter, Halloween, and Valentine's Day merchandise. Dollar Tree, Inc. was founded in 1986 and is based in Chesapeake, Virginia.

Debt-To-Capital-Ratio Time Series for First National Financial Corp. First National Financial Corporation, together with its subsidiaries, originates, underwrites, and services residential and commercial mortgages in Canada. It operates in two segments, Residential and Commercial segments. The company offers single-family and multi-unit residential, and commercial mortgages. It provides underwriting and fulfillment processing services through mortgage broker distribution channel. The company was founded in 1988 and is headquartered in Toronto, Canada. As of October 22, 2025, First National Financial Corporation was taken private.

Short-Term-Debt Time Series for Canadian National Railway Co. Canadian National Railway Company, together with its subsidiaries, engages in the rail, intermodal, trucking, and related transportation businesses in Canada and the United States. The company provides rail services, which include equipment, custom brokerage services, transloading and distribution, business development and real estate, and private car storage services; and intermodal services, such as temperature controlled cargo, port partnerships, transloading and distribution, logistics parks, customs brokerage, and trucking. It offers door-to-door services, import and export dray, and interline services, as well as specialized services, comprising flatbed trucks, on-deck mobile transport trays, expedited cargo, and permit/overweight services; and supply chain services. The company serves automotive, coal, fertilizers, temperature controlled cargo, forest products, dimensional, grain, metal and minerals, petroleum and chemicals, consumer goods, and third party logistics applications. It track, maintenance, and strategic infrastructure initiatives for the safe movement of goods and support long-term sustainable growth in Minnesota and across CN's network. The company was incorporated in 1919 and is headquartered in Montreal, Canada.

Statistics on student debt, including the average debt at graduation, the percentage of graduates who owed large debt at graduation and the percentage of graduates with debt who had paid it off at the time of the interview, are presented by the location of residence at the time of the interview and the level of study. Estimates are available at five-year intervals.

Funds-From-Operation-To-Total-Debt Time Series for Computer Modelling Group Ltd.. Computer Modelling Group Ltd., a software and consulting technology company, engages in the development and licensing of reservoir simulation and seismic interpretation software and related services. The company offers CMOST-AI, an optimization and analysis tool that offers solution for reservoir by combining statistical analysis, machine learning, and impartial data interpretation; IMEX, a black oil reservoir simulator that is used to model primary, secondary, and tertiary oil recovery processes in conventional and unconventional reservoirs; and GEM, an equation-of-state reservoir simulator for compositional, chemical, and unconventional reservoir modelling. It also provides CoFlow, a reservoir and production system modelling software that allows reservoir and production engineers; STARS, a thermal and advanced processes simulator in thermal, chemical enhanced oil recovery, and other advanced processes; and Builder, a pre-processor for simulation model building. In addition, the company offers Results, a post-processor, which delivers state-of-the-art visualization and analysis capabilities to provide insight into reservoir characteristics, recovery processes, and reservoir performance; Focus CCS, a validate asset viability in minutes; and WinProp, a fluid property characterization tool, as well as ShaleIQ, a physics-driven advanced forecasting solution for unconventional reservoirs. Further, it provides professional services comprising specialized support, consulting, training, and contract research services. It operates Canada, the United States, South America, the Eastern Hemisphere, North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Computer Modelling Group Ltd. was founded in 1978 and is headquartered in Calgary, Canada.

Debt-To-Capital-Ratio Time Series for Heartland Express Inc. Heartland Express, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, operates as a short, medium, and long-haul truckload carrier and transportation services provider in the United States, Mexico, and Canada. It primarily provides nationwide asset-based dry van truckload service for shippers; cross-border freight and other transportation services; and temperature-controlled truckload services. The company offers its services under the Heartland Express, Millis Transfer, Smith Transport, and CFI brand names. It primarily serves retailers, manufacturers, and parcel carriers in consumer goods, appliances, food products, and automotive industries. Heartland Express, Inc. was founded in 1978 and is headquartered in North Liberty, Iowa.

Debt-To-Capital-Ratio Time Series for Lennox International Inc. Lennox International Inc., together with its subsidiaries, designs, manufactures, and markets products for the heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration markets in the United States, Canada, and internationally. The Home Comfort Solutions segment provides furnaces, air conditioners, heat pumps, packaged heating and cooling systems, indoor air quality equipment, comfort control products, and replacement parts and supplies; residential heating, ventilation, cooling equipment, and air conditioning; and evaporator coils and unit heaters under Lennox, Dave Lennox Signature Collection, Armstrong Air, Ducane, AirEase, Concord, MagicPak, Advanced Distributor Products, Allied, Elite Series, Merit Series, Comfort Sync, Healthy Climate, iComfort, ComfortSense, and Lennox Stores name. The Building Climate Solutions segment offers unitary heating and air conditioning equipment, applied systems, controls, installation and service of commercial heating and cooling equipment, variable refrigerant flow commercial, curb, curb adapters, drop box diffusers, HVAC recycling, and salvage service. This segment also provides condensing units, unit coolers, fluid coolers, air cooled condensers, air handlers, and refrigeration rack systems for preserving food and other perishables; and compressor racks and industrial process chillers under the Lennox, Model L, CORE, Enlight, Xion, Energence, Prodigy, Strategos, Raider, Lennox VRF, Lennox National Account Services, Allied Commercial, Elite, AES Industries, Mechanical, and Reclaim, Heatcraft Worldwide and Chandler Refrigeration, Bohn, MAGNA, Larkin, Climate Control, Chandler Refrigeration, IntelliGen, and Interlink brand name. In addition, the company provides small package units, rooftop units, chillers, air handlers, and fan coils. It sells its products and services through direct sales, distributors, and company-owned parts and supplies stores. The company was founded in 1895 and is headquartered in Richardson, Texas.

The Fiscal Monitor surveys and analyzes the latest public finance developments, it updates fiscal implications of the crisis and medium-term fiscal projections, and assesses policies to put public finances on a sustainable footing.

Country-specific data and projections for key fiscal variables are based on the April 2020 World Economic Outlook database, unless indicated otherwise, and compiled by the IMF staff. Historical data and projections are based on information gathered by IMF country desk officers in the context of their missions and through their ongoing analysis of the evolving situation in each country; they are updated on a continual basis as more information becomes available. Structural breaks in data may be adjusted to produce smooth series through splicing and other techniques. IMF staff estimates serve as proxies when complete information is unavailable. As a result, Fiscal Monitor data can differ from official data in other sources, including the IMF's International Financial Statistics.

The country classification in the Fiscal Monitor divides the world into three major groups: 35 advanced economies, 40 emerging market and middle-income economies, and 40 low-income developing countries. The seven largest advanced economies as measured by GDP (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States) constitute the subgroup of major advanced economies, often referred to as the Group of Seven (G7). The members of the euro area are also distinguished as a subgroup. Composite data shown in the tables for the euro area cover the current members for all years, even though the membership has increased over time. Data for most European Union member countries have been revised following the adoption of the new European System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA 2010). The low-income developing countries (LIDCs) are countries that have per capita income levels below a certain threshold (currently set at $2,700 in 2016 as measured by the World Bank's Atlas method), structural features consistent with limited development and structural transformation, and external financial linkages insufficiently close to be widely seen as emerging market economies. Zimbabwe is included in the group. Emerging market and middle-income economies include those not classified as advanced economies or low-income developing countries. See Table A, "Economy Groupings," for more details.

Most fiscal data refer to the general government for advanced economies, while for emerging markets and developing economies, data often refer to the central government or budgetary central government only (for specific details, see Tables B-D). All fiscal data refer to the calendar years, except in the cases of Bangladesh, Egypt, Ethiopia, Haiti, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, and Thailand, for which they refer to the fiscal year.

Composite data for country groups are weighted averages of individual-country data, unless otherwise specified. Data are weighted by annual nominal GDP converted to U.S. dollars at average market exchange rates as a share of the group GDP.

In many countries, fiscal data follow the IMF's Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014. The overall fiscal balance refers to net lending (+) and borrowing ("") of the general government. In some cases, however, the overall balance refers to total revenue and grants minus total expenditure and net lending.

The fiscal gross and net debt data reported in the Fiscal Monitor are drawn from official data sources and IMF staff estimates. While attempts are made to align gross and net debt data with the definitions in the IMF's Government Finance Statistics Manual, as a result of data limitations or specific country circumstances, these data can sometimes deviate from the formal definitions.