Canada CA: Research and Development Expenditure: % of GDP data was reported at 1.701 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.712 % for 2022. Canada CA: Research and Development Expenditure: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 1.780 % from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2023, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.021 % in 2001 and a record low of 1.607 % in 1996. Canada CA: Research and Development Expenditure: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.World Bank.WDI: Governance: Technology and Innovation. Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.;Weighted average;

R&D expenditure of Canada decreased by 0.60% from 1.7 % in 2022 to 1.7 % in 2023. Since the 10.16% surge in 2020, R&D expenditure dropped by 12.04% in 2023. Expenditures for research and development are current and capital expenditures (both public and private) on creative work undertaken systematically to increase knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture, and society, and the use of knowledge for new applications. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Canada CA: Renewable Energy Public RD&D Budget: % of Total Energy Public RD&D data was reported at 8.640 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 11.310 % for 2022. Canada CA: Renewable Energy Public RD&D Budget: % of Total Energy Public RD&D data is updated yearly, averaging 10.770 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2023, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.670 % in 2016 and a record low of 3.300 % in 1990. Canada CA: Renewable Energy Public RD&D Budget: % of Total Energy Public RD&D data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.OECD.GGI: Governance: Research and Development Expenditure: OECD Member: Annual.

Canada CA: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data was reported at 34.553 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 34.915 % for 2022. Canada CA: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 31.675 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 39.778 % in 2017 and a record low of 23.499 % in 1986. Canada CA: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Canada, new sampling method (weighted sample survey supplemented by administrative tax data) and conceptual changes in the business R&D survey caused a break in series in 2014. From 2012 the coefficients used for estimating R&D expenditure in the Higher Education sector have been revised, as well as the distribution of HERD between funds directly from government for R&D, GUF, and from institutions’ own funds. From 2010, the federal government R&D expenditures are better measured. From 1988, the estimated values for R&D in hospitals not covered by university reports are included in the R&D expenditure of the higher education sector (not previously included).

Beginning 2017, NABS 2007 was used and correlated with the new Canadian Research and Development Classification (CRDC) system of classification at Statistics Canada. With the new methodology, SEO 12 and 13 (General advancement of knowledge) were removed from the survey and departments re-allocated the funds among the other SEOs. From 1989, non-federal sources are no longer excluded from GUF in GBARD.

Canada CA: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors data was reported at 13.823 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 13.961 % for 2022. Canada CA: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors data is updated yearly, averaging 8.748 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.687 % in 2016 and a record low of 4.123 % in 1986. Canada CA: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Canada, new sampling method (weighted sample survey supplemented by administrative tax data) and conceptual changes in the business R&D survey caused a break in series in 2014. From 2012 the coefficients used for estimating R&D expenditure in the Higher Education sector have been revised, as well as the distribution of HERD between funds directly from government for R&D, GUF, and from institutions’ own funds. From 2010, the federal government R&D expenditures are better measured. From 1988, the estimated values for R&D in hospitals not covered by university reports are included in the R&D expenditure of the higher education sector (not previously included).

Beginning 2017, NABS 2007 was used and correlated with the new Canadian Research and Development Classification (CRDC) system of classification at Statistics Canada. With the new methodology, SEO 12 and 13 (General advancement of knowledge) were removed from the survey and departments re-allocated the funds among the other SEOs. From 1989, non-federal sources are no longer excluded from GUF in GBARD.

Canada CA: GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 1.699 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.712 % for 2022. Canada CA: GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 1.710 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.021 % in 2001 and a record low of 1.199 % in 1981. Canada CA: GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Canada, new sampling method (weighted sample survey supplemented by administrative tax data) and conceptual changes in the business R&D survey caused a break in series in 2014. From 2012 the coefficients used for estimating R&D expenditure in the Higher Education sector have been revised, as well as the distribution of HERD between funds directly from government for R&D, GUF, and from institutions’ own funds. From 2010, the federal government R&D expenditures are better measured. From 1988, the estimated values for R&D in hospitals not covered by university reports are included in the R&D expenditure of the higher education sector (not previously included).

Beginning 2017, NABS 2007 was used and correlated with the new Canadian Research and Development Classification (CRDC) system of classification at Statistics Canada. With the new methodology, SEO 12 and 13 (General advancement of knowledge) were removed from the survey and departments re-allocated the funds among the other SEOs. From 1989, non-federal sources are no longer excluded from GUF in GBARD.

Get data on grants, recipients and project information distributed by the Ministry of Labour, Training and Skills Development under a number of research programs. This dataset details funding provided to recipients under the Bridging the Gap, Research Opportunities Program, Applied Research Questions, and the Occupational Health & Safety Prevention and Innovation programs. These grants aim to improve occupational health and safety outcomes by supporting projects that reduce workplace injuries, illnesses and fatalities. Details include: * year of grant application * grant program * approved funding total * receiving organization * project title, contact, investigator and partner organization * titles of articles and products produced * project abstract and introduction The Bridging the Gap program focused on addressing workplace occupational health and safety needs. It supported partnerships among workplaces, occupational health and safety organizations, and researchers to generate evidence and evidence-based products that addressed workplace needs. The Research Opportunities Program’s objective is to invest in research and knowledge dissemination projects that focus on occupational health and safety system priorities. The Applied Research Questions grant generated evidence that informed the implementation of the occupational health and safety system priorities. The Occupational Health and Safety Prevention and Innovation Program’s objective is to support workplace-focused innovation projects and collaborative partnerships that lead to improvements in occupational health and safety in Ontario. Please contact researchgrants@ontario.ca if you require an alternate format or for any questions. Please be advised that some of the links available in the dataset lead to English only websites

Canada CA: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.489 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.493 % for 2022. Canada CA: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.605 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.711 % in 1992 and a record low of 0.489 % in 2023. Canada CA: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Canada, new sampling method (weighted sample survey supplemented by administrative tax data) and conceptual changes in the business R&D survey caused a break in series in 2014. From 2012 the coefficients used for estimating R&D expenditure in the Higher Education sector have been revised, as well as the distribution of HERD between funds directly from government for R&D, GUF, and from institutions’ own funds. From 2010, the federal government R&D expenditures are better measured. From 1988, the estimated values for R&D in hospitals not covered by university reports are included in the R&D expenditure of the higher education sector (not previously included).

Beginning 2017, NABS 2007 was used and correlated with the new Canadian Research and Development Classification (CRDC) system of classification at Statistics Canada. With the new methodology, SEO 12 and 13 (General advancement of knowledge) were removed from the survey and departments re-allocated the funds among the other SEOs. From 1989, non-federal sources are no longer excluded from GUF in GBARD.

The Surveying and Mapping Services industry in Canada has weathered uncertain conditions as downstream industries including residential, commercial, industrial construction and government authorities, fared with volatility brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. The industry's performance is largely tied to developments in residential and nonresidential construction markets, which fuel both private- and public-sector spending.As Canadian oil, gas and mining companies cut back spending on exploration and development projects in response to falling commodity prices, and construction stalled in resource-rich provinces, demand for surveying and mapping services for these projects fell. While growth from the residential construction market helped offset some losses, rising interest intended to offset rising inflation have hampered residential demand. Thus, even as energy prices came roaring back, many surveyors saw a reduction in demand. Over the five years to 2023, industry revenue has been contracting at a CAGR of 1.7% and is expected to reach $1.7 billion, including an expected drop of 3.2% over the current year.The return to growth of downstream construction markets will likely keep industry demand afloat moving forward. In addition to solid demand from industrial building construction as commodity prices remain high, housing market expansion will stimulate demand for cadastral, property line and construction surveying. The continued adoption of new technology will also enable companies to realize new efficiencies and improve the quality of their services, expanding sizable profit margins further. Industry revenue is forecast to rise at a CAGR of 1.2% to $1.8 billion over the five years to 2028.

Navigational instrument manufacturers have faced a fluctuating landscape over recent years, highlighting both challenges and opportunities. While diverse product lines spanning defence, marine, aerospace, and electronic sectors have provided a cushion against major revenue swings, fierce competition and high production costs have narrowed profit and revenue. As defence spending in Canada increased slightly, benefiting manufacturers, it's worth noting that domestic defence contracts remain limited compared to those secured by major US companies. Navigational aids have been boosted through environmental regulations and marine investments, contributing to their steady performance. Still, challenges like labour shortages, heightened regulatory expenses and rising transportation costs have impacted the broader manufacturing sector. This has been further exacerbated by global supply chain disruptions, making navigation through these tides increasingly difficult. Industry revenue has been decreasing at a CAGR of 1.4% to total an estimated $2.3 billion in 2024, including an estimated decrease of 1.0% in 2024. Over the past five years, navigational instrument manufacturers have wrestled with slow growth and tight profit margin. The prevalence of low-cost imports, particularly from nations like Taiwan, has pressured Canadian manufacturers to compete on pricing, eroding profitability. Supply chain issues, such as sourcing electronics components, have burdened manufacturers and contributed to smaller companies ceasing operations. Automation provided some relief by offsetting labour shortages and mitigating skyrocketing wage pressures, allowing companies to maintain output with a leaner workforce. Yet, despite these strategies, many smaller businesses have been forced out, contributing to market share concentration increasing. Looking ahead, navigational instrument manufacturers are poised for a period of recovery. The anticipated rise in Canadian defence spending and the potential easing of supply chain issues could catalyze growth. Increasing exports to the US will continue to be a focal point, especially as manufacturers invest more in research and development to compete in advanced aerospace defence segments. The domestic market will remain challenging because of import penetration and high labour costs. Defence spending increases, such as the upgrade of NORAD, will likely present fresh opportunities, especially for manufacturers locked into long-term contracts. Automation and supply chain diversification will be crucial in navigating labour shortages and achieving competitive differentiation. While consolidation looms because of fierce competition, those with niche capabilities or higher-end product offerings could weather the storm and see growth through export potential and strategic alliances. Industry revenue is forecast to increase at a CAGR of 2.9% to total an estimated $2.6 billion through the end of 2029.

According to StatCan, the average annual household expenditure on garden supplies and services in Canada amounted to 452 Canadian dollars in 2023. This was a decrease compared to the 2021 figure.

Get data on grants, recipients and project information distributed by the Ministry of Labour, Training and Skills Development under a number of research programs. This dataset details funding provided to recipients under the Bridging the Gap, Research Opportunities Program, Applied Research Questions, and the Occupational Health & Safety Prevention and Innovation programs. These grants aim to improve occupational health and safety outcomes by supporting projects that reduce workplace injuries, illnesses and fatalities. Details include: * year of grant application * grant program * approved funding total * receiving organization * project title, contact, investigator and partner organization * titles of articles and products produced * project abstract and introduction The Bridging the Gap program focused on addressing workplace occupational health and safety needs. It supported partnerships among workplaces, occupational health and safety organizations, and researchers to generate evidence and evidence-based products that addressed workplace needs. The Research Opportunities Program’s objective is to invest in research and knowledge dissemination projects that focus on occupational health and safety system priorities. The Applied Research Questions grant generated evidence that informed the implementation of the occupational health and safety system priorities. The Occupational Health and Safety Prevention and Innovation Program’s objective is to support workplace-focused innovation projects and collaborative partnerships that lead to improvements in occupational health and safety in Ontario. Please contact researchgrants@ontario.ca if you require an alternate format or for any questions. Please be advised that some of the links available in the dataset lead to English only websites

Scientific contributions (lectures and posters) to the American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) annual sessions from 2013 to 2023 were investigated with the aims of analysing the contributions of each country and their efficiency, presentation trends, and gender differences during these years as well as the most frequent topics and their evolution. Official data were requested from and provided by the AAO secretary. The year and type of presentation; the name, country and gender of the first author; and the full title of the presentation were considered. In addition, six national indicators that could determine the quantity and quality of scientific production were obtained from the Our World in Data website with regard to the countries that made the greatest contributions to the AAO annual sessions. The USA featured the largest number of lecturers (69.44%), while the presentations of posters were more balanced among the 4 countries that exhibited the highest levels of production (i.e., Brazil, the USA, Mexico and South Korea). Brazil was the main country to perform above expectations. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant reduction in the number of poster presentations. The male/female ratio was close to 3:1 in terms of lectures and close to 1:1 in terms of posters. In 2023, women presented more posters than did men. The terms clear/aligners and digital were strongly present, and the terms maxillary, adults, and expansion were used increasingly frequently, while the use of the terms brackets or cephalometry decreased. American lecturers included terms that differentiated them from lecturers in other countries. The nationalities of lecturers are not closely related to those of posters, particularly with regard to the USA, Brazil, Canada, Mexico and Turkey. Research spending and economic level are the most significant factors with respect to the type and number of a country’s contributions. Concerning gender, a clear imbalance in favour of men persists among lecturers. Increased distance from the USA makes it more difficult for women to serve as lecturers. An emergent paradigm shift in current topics towards a focus on the terms clear/aligners and digital in lectures is evident.

Canada CA: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data was reported at 1,047.718 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,061.942 % for 2022. Canada CA: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 611.017 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,061.942 % in 2022 and a record low of 156.854 % in 1981. Canada CA: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Canada, new sampling method (weighted sample survey supplemented by administrative tax data) and conceptual changes in the business R&D survey caused a break in series in 2014. From 2012 the coefficients used for estimating R&D expenditure in the Higher Education sector have been revised, as well as the distribution of HERD between funds directly from government for R&D, GUF, and from institutions’ own funds. From 2010, the federal government R&D expenditures are better measured. From 1988, the estimated values for R&D in hospitals not covered by university reports are included in the R&D expenditure of the higher education sector (not previously included).

Beginning 2017, NABS 2007 was used and correlated with the new Canadian Research and Development Classification (CRDC) system of classification at Statistics Canada. With the new methodology, SEO 12 and 13 (General advancement of knowledge) were removed from the survey and departments re-allocated the funds among the other SEOs. From 1989, non-federal sources are no longer excluded from GUF in GBARD.

Canada Nucleic Acid Labeling Market was valued at USD 0.32 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 0.58 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 7.8% from 2026 to 2032.According to Verified Market Research, the following drivers and trends are shaping the Canada Nucleic Acid Labeling Market:Rising R&D Investment in Life Sciences - Increased federal funding and private investment in genomics research, particularly in cancer research and rare disease studies, is expanding demand for advanced nucleic acid labeling technologies across academic and commercial research facilities.Growing Adoption of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) - Widespread implementation of NGS platforms in clinical diagnostics and research applications requires sophisticated labeling methods, driving market growth as sequencing costs decrease and throughput increases.

Scientific and economic consultants in Canada enjoyed strong growth in large part due to robust demand from niche clients and a rapid economic recovery following a period of high volatility. Significant growth in demand from the agriculture, energy and mining sectors, which rely on consulting services to navigate economic uncertainty and advance sustainability efforts, provided sharp revenue boosts despite inflationary pressures in 2022 and the overarching interest rates effects in 2023. Since consultants service a diverse array of clients, a decrease in one may lead to an opportunity in another. Digital technology expansion and higher emphasis placed on navigating a new tariff landscape in 2025 bolstered interest in economic consulting services across public and private sector clients alike. Revenue spiked at a CAGR of 10.7% to an estimated $8.8 billion, including an anticipated 2.4% boost in 2025 alone, primarily influenced by rising government investment. The mining sector in Canada endured considerable volatility over the past five years due to fluctuating commodity prices, which influence production levels, revenue and profit. As mining companies' revenue and profit decreased, many cut back on expenditures and reduced the number of expansion projects, which caused consulting services demand to slip. Nonetheless, due to consultants’ diverse service offering, declines in demand for one segment are often mitigated by increases in demand from other industries. For instance, a steady 3.5% boost in demand from the agriculture sector offset some of the declines in demand from energy and mining companies in 2025, helping to stabilize profitability. Moving forward, consultants are poised to benefit from stabilizing macroeconomic conditions and a continued emphasis on sustainability. Sector-wide growth, namely across the mining and agricultural sectors, will provide a range of opportunities for smaller consultancies in the fields of economic research and commodity price analysis. Clients’ higher emphasis on sustainable solutions will provide growing interest in scientific consultants to navigate environmental changes and ensure adherence to sustainability standards. The expansion of new technology, such as AI and cloud software, will continue offering an efficiency boost for smaller consultancies, although external competition from in-house solutions will remain an overarching problem. Overall, revenue is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2.5% to an estimated $10.0 billion over the next five years.

The rapid pace of technological change propelled the IT Consulting industry in Canada, with the prevalence of cloud-based services, mobile apps and other cutting-edge software fueling spending across the economy. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) technology joins the long list of cutting-edge trends fueling need for IT consultants across various sectors. The Canadian government is simultaneously bolstering the industry with its large-scale investments, announcing a $2.0 billion investment in Canada’s 2024 budget to advance AI research, support start-ups and scale-ups and enhance technology infrastructure. As a result, industry revenue is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.2% to $114. billion through 2025, including growth of 3.3% in 2025 alone.Robust demand for IT consulting services has made the IT consulting highly profitable. Spending on higher-margin services like cloud-based systems integration and mobile app design has surged at the same time as cybersecurity concerns have grown. The need for highly profitable, specialized services has tempered some competition among existing companies, but at the same time, attracted new entrants, intensifying the competitive landscape. The scale of IT need has outstripped the availability of skilled professionals, with wages climbing to nearly half of all industry revenue. As labour costs have climbed, companies have seen profit contract as intense competition has forced firms to enhance compensation packages to attract top talent. Greater private investment in computer and networking infrastructure will continue to drive industry performance, as IT consultants remain indispensable to the modern economy. The professional services sector will spend heavily as companies incorporate newer technologies like AI, IoT and blockchain to gain a leg up on competition. More businesses will take advantage of cloud computing technology, relying on cloud environments to enhance flexibility and reduce costs. Overall, industry revenue is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 3.0% to $132.2 billion through 2030. While competition will keep intensifying as strong demand and low barriers attract new players, larger companies are expected to focus on acquiring smaller businesses and growing their talent pools to strengthen their competitive edge and respond quickly to technological change. The Canadian government’s commitment to attracting tech workers through its “Tech Talent Strategy” will be crucial to broadening the talent pool, bringing in international expertise to support the industry’s dynamic needs.

Canadian pharmacies and drug stores have been experiencing moderate volatility. Drug stores have benefitted from growing health-related expenditures, with prescription medications remaining popular among consumers. Although increasing pharmaceutical prices have bolstered revenue, many provincial drug programs restricted prescription prices to cut healthcare costs, requiring generic drugs to be marked down by a percentage of the patented drug equivalent, which limits revenue growth and prevents larger profit gains. Pharmacies have endured some losses as high inflation discourages discretionary spending, particularly in the beauty and personal care segment. Still, the essential nature of the industry and the consistent need for health products have supported revenue gains. These trends are set to cause revenue to grow at an estimated CAGR of 0.5% to $88.6 billion through the end of 2025, including a 1.9% gain that year alone. As more and more Canadians continue to rely on prescription drugs, foot traffic at pharmacies and drug stores will remain high. British Columbia's reference-based pricing model, which includes generic substitution reimbursement rates within particular product categories, has constrained pharmacies' ability to markup prescription prices for individuals with public health insurance. Pharmacies have also contended with the loss of many brand-name drug patents, markets flooded with low-cost alternatives and significant supply chain disruptions impacting product availability, slowing revenue gains. Despite more prescriptions entering the generic space, new brand-name drugs have been pushing prescription spending upward. Many pharmacies have also begun to offer primary care services, allowing the industry to support Canada’s health system and drive more traffic to stores. These programs, which vary across provinces and have yet to be implemented nationally, create growth opportunities for drug stores. Revenue growth will continue amid growing healthcare spending and an expanding Canadian population. As research and development expenditures continue to rise, more pharmaceuticals will likely come through manufacturers’ drug pipelines, benefitting pharmacies and drug stores. Similarly, improving macroeconomic conditions, including weaker inflation and rising disposable income, and improving supply chain conditions will support growth moving forward. Similarly, pharmacies offering more preventative care are set to contribute to revenue gains. Medications are nondiscretionary, so consumers will continue to buy these products despite price fluctuations. Revenue will grow at an estimated CAGR of 1.9% to $97.4 billion through the end of 2030.

Canada CA: Civil Budget R&D: % of Total GBARD data was reported at 96.740 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 97.078 % for 2020. Canada CA: Civil Budget R&D: % of Total GBARD data is updated yearly, averaging 95.766 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 97.766 % in 2016 and a record low of 91.707 % in 1988. Canada CA: Civil Budget R&D: % of Total GBARD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Canada, new sampling method (weighted sample survey supplemented by administrative tax data) and conceptual changes in the business R&D survey caused a break in series in 2014. From 2012 the coefficients used for estimating R&D expenditure in the Higher Education sector have been revised, as well as the distribution of HERD between funds directly from government for R&D, GUF, and from institutions’ own funds. From 2010, the federal government R&D expenditures are better measured. From 1988, the estimated values for R&D in hospitals not covered by university reports are included in the R&D expenditure of the higher education sector (not previously included).

Beginning 2017, NABS 2007 was used and correlated with the new Canadian Research and Development Classification (CRDC) system of classification at Statistics Canada. With the new methodology, SEO 12 and 13 (General advancement of knowledge) were removed from the survey and departments re-allocated the funds among the other SEOs. From 1989, non-federal sources are no longer excluded from GUF in GBARD.

This statistic shows the trade magazine advertising spending in Canada from 2010 to 2019, broken down by format. According to the source, the digital trade magazine ad spending in Canada will reach 144 million Canadian dollars by 2019.