Graph and download economic data for Central government debt, total (% of GDP) for Canada (DEBTTLCAA188A) from 1990 to 2024 about Canada, debt, government, and GDP.

Graph and download economic data for General government gross debt for Canada (GGGDTACAA188N) from 1980 to 2024 about Canada, debt, gross, and government.

This table contains 29 series, with data for years 2009 - 2019 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada) Central government debt (29 items: A. Federal debt (accumulated deficit), (B - E); B. Net debt, (C - D); C. Liabilities, gross debt; Accounts payable and accrued liabilities; ...).

Quarterly gross and net debt to gross domestic product for federal and other levels of general government.

The ratio of national debt to gross domestic product (GDP) of Canada was 111.3 percent in 2024. Between 1980 and 2024, the ratio rose by 66.71 percentage points, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. The ratio is forecast to decline by 3.41 percentage points from 2024 to 2030, fluctuating as it trends downward.The general government gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. Here it is depicted in relation to the country's GDP, which refers to the total value of goods and services produced during a year.

This table contains 13 series, with data for years 1867 - 31-MAR-08 not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2009-08-28. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Government debt (13 items: Gross federal government debt;Marketable bonds;Treasury bills;Unmatured debt ...).

Key information about Canada Government Debt: % of GDP

• Canada Government debt accounted for 69.4 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Mar 2024, compared with the ratio of 66.9 % in the previous year.
• Canada government debt to GDP ratio data is updated yearly, available from Mar 1962 to Mar 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 83.6 % in Mar 1996 and a record low of 33.1 % in Mar 1977.

CEIC calculates Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP from annual Government Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. The Department of Finance Canada provides Government Debt in local currency. Statistics Canada provides Nominal GDP in local currency based on CSNA 2012/SNA 2008. Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP is in annual frequency, ending in March of each year.


Related information about Canada Government Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Canada National Government Debt reached 1,519.8 USD bn in Mar 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP reached 520.3 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Canada recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 110.80 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides - Canada Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

General government gross domestic and foreign debt, and financial liabilities by category, quarterly.

Graph and download economic data for General Government Gross Debt for Canada (CANGGXWDGGDP) from 1980 to 2030 about Canada, debt, gross, and government.

Key information about Canada National Government Debt

• Canada National Government Debt reached 1,517.7 USD bn in Mar 2025, compared with 1,519.8 USD bn in the previous year.
• Canada National Government Debt data is updated yearly, available from Mar 1962 to Mar 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 1,519.8 USD bn in Mar 2024 and a record low of 20.5 USD bn in Mar 1962.

*This indicator will be no longer available from March 2026, 4th onwards. CEIC has a plan to remove the non-standard frequency indicator after the standard frequency indicator has been added and be available on this table. CEIC converts annual Government Debt into USD. The Department of Finance Canada provides Government Debt in local currency. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Government Debt is in annual frequency, ending in March of each year.


Related information about Canada National Government Debt

• In the latest reports, Canada Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 1.3 % of its Nominal GDP in Sep 2025.
• The country's Government debt accounted for 69.3 % of its Nominal GDP in Mar 2025.
• Canada Nominal GDP reached 590.9 USD bn in Sep 2025.

Of the G7 countries, Japan had the highest net debt in terms of share of gross domestic product (GDP) between 2010 and 2024. That year, Japan's government's net debt reached an estimated *** percent of its total GDP. Italy had the second highest debt rate at *** percent of its GDP, whereas Canada had the lowest at only ** percent.

Graph and download economic data for Projection of General government gross debt for Canada (GGGDTPCAA188N) from 2025 to 2030 about projection, Canada, debt, gross, and government.

The ratio of national debt to gross domestic product (GDP) of Canada was approximately 110.77 percent in 2024. Between 1980 and 2024, the ratio rose by around 66.18 percentage points, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. The ratio is forecast to decline by about 6.66 percentage points from 2024 to 2030, fluctuating as it trends downward.The general government gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. Here it is depicted in relation to the country's GDP, which refers to the total value of goods and services produced during a year.

Graph and download economic data for Outstanding International Public Debt Securities to GDP for Canada (DDDM06CAA156NWDB) from 1980 to 2020 about public, Canada, debt, securities, and GDP.

In 2024, the net government debt to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio of Japan was estimated at about *** percent. The government debt ratio of the United States was over ** percent. Saudi Arabia, who had the lowest net debt, had a debt ratio of only **** percent.

This table contains 6 series, with data for years 1990 - 2012 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and is no longer being released. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada); Estimates (6 items: Total government gross debt (book value) to gross domestic product (GDP); Federal government gross debt (book value) to gross domestic product (GDP); Other levels of government gross debt (book value) to gross domestic product (GDP); Total government net debt (book value) to gross domestic product (GDP); ...).

Graph and download economic data for Gross Portfolio Debt Liabilities to GDP for Canada (DDDM10CAA156NWDB) from 1999 to 2020 about Canada, liabilities, debt, gross, and GDP.

This table contains 6 series, with data for years 1990 - 2012 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and is no longer being released. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada); Estimates (6 items: Total government gross debt (book value) to gross domestic product (GDP); Federal government gross debt (book value) to gross domestic product (GDP); Other levels of government gross debt (book value) to gross domestic product (GDP); Total government net debt (book value) to gross domestic product (GDP); ...).

Data may not add to the total due to rounding. End of fiscal year closest to December 31st. For 2007 only stocks for balance sheet statement are available, they represent the opening stocks for 2008, the start of the observed period. On April 14th, 2016, data for consumption of fixed capital (CGFS 23) have been corrected for the reference period from 2008 to 2014. Balance sheet data can be displayed as flows or stocks. Flows are monetary expressions of economic actions that occur within the accounting period. Stocks refer to holdings of assets and liabilities at a specific time - the end of the accounting period. Memorandum items provide supplemental information or alternative presentation of related items, but the memorandum items amounts are not included in Canadian Government Finance Statistics (CGFS) structure and totals. The gross operating balance equals revenue minus expense other than consumption of fixed capital. The net operating balance is a summary measure of the ongoing sustainability of the government operations. Net operating balance equals total revenues less total expenses. The net operating balance will become available with the release of consumption of fixed capital, an expense component. Includes the part of the profits of fiscal monopolies transferred to the government. Fiscal monopolies are government business enterprises that exercise the taxing power of government by the use of monopoly powers over the production or distribution of a particular kind of good or service. Typical commodities subject to fiscal monopolies are alcoholic beverages, lotteries and games of chance. Includes racetrack betting taxes, other amusement taxes, taxes on meals and hotels, taxes on insurance premiums, and taxes on specific services not elsewhere classified. Rent should not be confused with the rental of produced assets, which is treated as sales of goods and services. The difference in treatment arises because lessors of produced assets are engaged in a production process whereby they provide services (maintaining inventories, repairing and maintaining the leased assets). In the case of rent, general government units that own land or subsoil assets merely place these assets at the disposal of other units and are not considered to be engaged in productive activity. Includes other natural resource royalties, natural resource exploration fees and licenses, leases of land, rent and property income not elsewhere classified. Miscellaneous revenue includes auto insurance premiums, drug plan premiums and revenue not elsewhere classified. It may also include the consolidation statistical discrepancy. This discrepancy reflects differences between paired transactions (e.g. grant revenue and grant expense) and must be recorded in the statement of operation in order to preserve the operating balances (gross or net). While in theory, the paired transactions to be consolidated should be of the same value, in practice, they are not always aligned as a result of multiple cause (availability of economic and counterparty classification details, time of recording, different fiscal year end, deferrals, etc.). When paired transactions are eliminated, there must be no impact on the operating balance, therefore a consolidation statistical discrepancy is recorded in revenue or expense, depending on the situation. Improving the pairing of transactions to be consolidated is part of the integration work for the next year and will reduce the recorded consolidation statistical discrepancy. Canadian Government Finance Statistics (CGFS) estimates for compensation of employees and use of goods and services are adjusted to account for the capitalisation of research and development expenses using data from the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts (CSMA). This memorandum item provides the amounts capitalised for research and development to facilitate comparison with the Public Accounts. Within the Canadian Government Finance Statistics system (CGFS), the value of nonfinancial assets and related consumption of fixed capital is estimated using the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts (CSMA) perpetual inventory method (PIM). The results of the PIM model can differ substantially from the values found in the public accounting sources of a specific level of government. In order to better understand these differences, the value of nonfinancial assets and related consumption of fixed capital found in the public accounting sources are presented in the memorandum items consumption of fixed capital according to public sector accounts" and "Nonfinancial assets according to public sector accounts". For more information on the PIM model please consult additional information on the survey or statistical program in the CANSIM related information tab." Other miscellaneous current expenses include expenses of insurers and miscellaneous other current expenses not elsewhere classified. They may also include the consolidation statistical discrepancy. This discrepancy reflects differences between paired transactions (e.g. grant revenue and grant expense) and must be recorded in the statement of operation in order to preserve the operating balances (gross or net). While in theory, the paired transactions to be consolidated should be of the same value, in practice, they are not always aligned as a result of multiple cause (availability of economic and counterparty classification details, time of recording, different fiscal year end, deferrals, etc.). When paired transactions are eliminated, there must be no impact on the operating balance, therefore a consolidation statistical discrepancy is recorded in revenue or expense, depending on the situation. Includes taxes on immovable property, net wealth, estate, inheritance, gift and, financial and capital transactions. Total expenditures equals expense plus the net acquisition of nonfinancial assets less consumption of fixed capital. The current CANSIM table does not include total expenditures as integration work is underway. The balance sheet records the stocks of assets, liabilities, and the net worth for each accounting period. Net worth is defined as the total assets less total liabilities and is an important measure for assessing the sustainability of fiscal activities. The balance sheet components include domestic and foreign counterparts. The net financial worth position equals total stock of financial assets minus liabilities. Includes the following assets: securities repurchase agreement (repo), financial derivatives, taxes receivable, interest receivable, other accounts receivable, deposits, prepaid expenses, other financial assets not elsewhere classified and related allowances. Includes the following liabilities: securities repurchase agreement (repo), financial derivatives, taxes payable, interest payable, other payable, deposits due, deferred revenue and contributions, discounts and premiums on outstanding debt, other liabilities not elsewhere classified and related allowances. In the Canadian Government Finance Statistics system (CGFS), liabilities are valued at current market prices, but this memorandum item provides the alternate nominal value. The nominal valuation only differs from the current market prices in the case of debt securities. The nominal value is the amount that the debtor owes to the creditor at any moment. It reflects the value of the instrument at creation and subsequent economic flows, such as transactions, valuation changes (excluding market price changes), and other changes, such as debt forgiveness. Conceptually, the nominal value is equal to the required future payments of principal and interest discounted at the existing contractual interest rate. Nominal value is not necessarily face value, which is the undiscounted amount of principal to be repaid.