Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows a series of redrawn reproductions of historical maps. The first three maps deal with the eastern interior of Canada, the first of them showing the work of Champlain, Canadas first great explorer. His work was extended into the Great Lakes, often by missionaries such a Dollier and Galinee, and later recorded by Franquelin, the first great map compiler of Canada. The next three maps are concerned with the western interior where, at first, geographical knowledge was very conjectural. This is indicated on the combined maps of Delisle and Buache - the western portion being the work of Delisle and the eastern portion and the inset the work of Buache. But gradually, as the fur-trading companies extended their operations, more precise knowledge was obtained of the area between Hudson Bay, the Rocky Mountains and the Beaufort Sea, as the Pond map of 1787 illustrates. Later, geographical knowledge was gained of the Cordillera itself which extended to the shores of the Pacific Ocean. The map of 1814 is a faithful portrait of the west by the great pioneer surveyor David Thompson. By Confederation, what is now Canada was mapped from sea to sea, although to show this adequately, two maps of the period have been combined. But while broad outlines of Canada were being drawn, detailed topographical surveys were also being made in the settled areas. The last two maps on this plate are examples of this. The Delabat map is part of the Plan du Cours de la Riviere du Dauphin, et du Fort du Port Royal a la Cadie, that is, the area around Annapolis Royal and Annapolis River, Nova Scotia, of today. The Duberger map is part of a Plan of the Town and Fortifications of Quebec.

Contained within the Historical Maps, 1639 to 1949, Atlas of Canada is a reproduction of the An Accurate Map of Canada with the Adjacent Countries. It was produced by Richard William Seale and published in London by J. Hinton.

Toronto’s Don River Valley is arguably the city’s most distinctive physical feature. As a provider of water, power, sustenance, building materials, and transportation, it has played an important role in the city’s settlement and development. The river valley has changed dramatically in the years since European settlement, particularly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, when the Lower Don River was straightened and channelized and the huge marsh at its mouth drained and filled. Today, the Lower Valley forms the foundation for one of the most densely populated areas in Canada, outlining as it does the eastern portion of Toronto’s downtown core and radiating residential areas. This project documents historical changes in the landscape of the Don River Valley. Drawing from the wide range of geographical information available for the Don River watershed (and the Lower Don in particular), including historical maps, geological maps, fire insurance plans, planning documents, and city directories, the project uses Geographic Information Systems software to place, compile, synthesize and interpret this information and make it more accessible as geospatial data and maps. The project is a work in progress. To date, we have scanned several dozen historical maps of Toronto and the Don River watershed, and compiled the following geospatial datasets: 1) changes to the river channel and shoreline of Toronto harbour, 1858-1918; 2) industrial development in the Lower Don River Watershed, 1857-1951 (as points, and in some cases polygons); 3) historical mill sites in the Don River Watershed, 1825; 18524) land ownership in the watershed, 1860 and 1878; and 4) points of interest in the watershed. In the future, we hope to expand the project to include data from other Toronto area watersheds and other parts of the city. The project was conducted through a collaboration between Jennifer Bonnell, a doctoral student in the History of Education program at the University of Toronto's Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE/UT) - now at York University in the History Department and Marcel Fortin, the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Map Librarian at the University of Toronto's Map and Data Library. Financial and in-kind support was provided by the Network in Canadian History and Environment (NiCHE) and the University of Toronto Libraries. Valuable research support for the Points of Interest pages came from Lost Rivers, a community-based urban ecology organization focused on building public awareness of the City's river systems. Jordan Hale, a University of Toronto Geography student conducted much of the digitization and database work.This project could not have been completed without their skilled assistance and dedication.

This time-enabled map service depicts the growth of the Canadian Railroad between 1835 and 1995,. This map service also contains data on Railway Station locations across Canada.Map Service published and hosted by Esri Canada, © 2011.Lesson: A web map that combines this map service with a documented lesson can be found here. Canada's Historic Railway lesson leads the student to analyze the scope and spread of the railway's construction from the late 1800's onward.Content Source(s):Historical Atlas of Canada . Volume II: The Land Transformed, 1800-1900. Edited by R. Louis Gentilcore; Assistant editors Don Measner, Ron Walder; Cartographic editor: Geoffrey Matthews. Toronto : University of Toronto Press, 1993.Historical Atlas of Canada . Volume III: Addressing the Twentieth Century. Edited by Donald Kerr and Deryck Holdsworth; Assistant editors:Susan Laskin, Murdo Macpherson; Cartographic editor: Geoffrey Matthews. Toronto : University of Toronto Press, 1987.Andreae, Christopher. Lines of Country: An Atlas of Railway and Waterway History in Canada. Erin, Ontario: Boston Mills Press, 1997Geogratis, National Atlas of Canada, Atlas of Canada Base maps, 1:2 000 000 layers. National Atlas of Canada, National Scale Frameworks, 1:1 000 000 layers. http://geogratis.cgdi.gc.ca/clf/en?action=atlasvectorsHistorical Atlas of Canada Online Learning Project: www.historicalatlas.ca

This is a georeferenced raster image of a printed paper map of the Galt, Ontario region (Sheet No. 040P08), published in 1956. It is the third edition in a series of maps, which show both natural and man-made features such as relief, spot heights, administrative boundaries, secondary and side roads, railways, trails, wooded areas, waterways including lakes, rivers, streams and rapids, bridges, buildings, mills, power lines, terrain, and land formations. This map was published in 1956. Maps were produced by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and it's preceding agencies, in partnership with other government agencies. Please note: image / survey capture dates can span several years, and some details may have been updated later than others. Please consult individual map sheets for detailed production information, which can be found in the bottom left hand corner. Original maps were digitally scanned by McGill Libraries in partnership with Canadiana.org, and georeferencing for the maps was provided by the University of Toronto Libraries and Eastview Corporation.

This topographic map index is a finding aid for Ontario sheets of the 1:63,360 series of Historical Topographic Maps of Canada. This series was produced between 1906 and 1953, and includes nearly 500 individual topographic map sheets for the Province of Ontario. Maps cover mostly populated and border regions, and show both natural and man-made features such as relief, spot heights, administrative boundaries, roads, railways, trails, waterways, bridges, buildings, mills, power lines, terrain, and land formations.

Once this index is added to the map, clicking on the index tiles will indicate the topographic map coverage. This allows early topographic maps to be found based on regions of interest. When a tile is selected, this search box will populate with all relevant maps that include coverage of the selected area, in chronological order. Maps can then be viewed on the map sheet, downloaded, or explained in greater detail.

Content advisory: The topographic maps on this site are historical documents that reflect the time and environment in which they were created. Some maps may contain place names and other terms that may be racist, offensive, or derogatory. Many of these place names have been officially rescinded in the years since the creation of the maps, and the Geographic Names Board of Canada, along with provincial naming authorities, continue the ongoing work of removing offensive place names from the Canadian Geographical Names Database (CGNDB). For historical and research purposes, we offer access to these maps in their complete original and unchanged form with the intention of representing Canada’s history of racial and colonial discrimination, and the ensuing legacy of this harm. If you have any questions, comments, or concerns, please contact us at topomaps@scholarsportal.info.

This is a georeferenced raster image of a printed paper map of the Whiskey Lake, Ontario region (Sheet No. 041J08), published in 1960. It is the second edition in a series of maps, which show both natural and man-made features such as relief, spot heights, administrative boundaries, secondary and side roads, railways, trails, wooded areas, waterways including lakes, rivers, streams and rapids, bridges, buildings, mills, power lines, terrain, and land formations. This map was published in 1960. Maps were produced by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and it's preceding agencies, in partnership with other government agencies. Please note: image / survey capture dates can span several years, and some details may have been updated later than others. Please consult individual map sheets for detailed production information, which can be found in the bottom left hand corner. Original maps were digitally scanned by McGill Libraries in partnership with Canadiana.org, and georeferencing for the maps was provided by the University of Toronto Libraries and Eastview Corporation.

This is a georeferenced raster image of a printed paper map of the Ottertail Creek, Ontario / Quebec region (Sheet No. 031L14), published in 1959. It is the first edition in a series of maps, which show both natural and man-made features such as relief, spot heights, administrative boundaries, secondary and side roads, railways, trails, wooded areas, waterways including lakes, rivers, streams and rapids, bridges, buildings, mills, power lines, terrain, and land formations. This map was published in 1959. Maps were produced by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and it's preceding agencies, in partnership with other government agencies. Please note: image / survey capture dates can span several years, and some details may have been updated later than others. Please consult individual map sheets for detailed production information, which can be found in the bottom left hand corner. Original maps were digitally scanned by McGill Libraries in partnership with Canadiana.org, and georeferencing for the maps was provided by the University of Toronto Libraries and Eastview Corporation.

This is a georeferenced raster image of a printed paper map of the Smoothwater Lake, Ontario region (Sheet No. 041P07), published in 1967. It is the first edition in a series of maps, which show both natural and man-made features such as relief, spot heights, administrative boundaries, secondary and side roads, railways, trails, wooded areas, waterways including lakes, rivers, streams and rapids, bridges, buildings, mills, power lines, terrain, and land formations. This map was published in 1967 and the information on the map is current as of 1961. Maps were produced by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and it's preceding agencies, in partnership with other government agencies. Please note: image / survey capture dates can span several years, and some details may have been updated later than others. Please consult individual map sheets for detailed production information, which can be found in the bottom left hand corner. Original maps were digitally scanned by McGill Libraries in partnership with Canadiana.org, and georeferencing for the maps was provided by the University of Toronto Libraries and Eastview Corporation.

This is a georeferenced raster image of a printed paper map of the Radisson Lake, Ontario region (Sheet No. 042A02), published in 1962. It is the first edition in a series of maps, which show both natural and man-made features such as relief, spot heights, administrative boundaries, secondary and side roads, railways, trails, wooded areas, waterways including lakes, rivers, streams and rapids, bridges, buildings, mills, power lines, terrain, and land formations. This map was published in 1962 and the information on the map is current as of 1957. Maps were produced by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and it's preceding agencies, in partnership with other government agencies. Please note: image / survey capture dates can span several years, and some details may have been updated later than others. Please consult individual map sheets for detailed production information, which can be found in the bottom left hand corner. Original maps were digitally scanned by McGill Libraries in partnership with Canadiana.org, and georeferencing for the maps was provided by the University of Toronto Libraries and Eastview Corporation.

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the a series of reproduced historical maps. The first maps, from Stephanius to Zaltieri, illustrate the emergence of the concept of a new continent of America. Behaims globe indicates the general belief that Europe and Asia were separated principally by water. Ruyschs map is one of the earliest that shows the discoveries of Columbus, Cabot, the Corte Reals and Vespucci. The Waldseemulle map and the Agnese map of 1540 depicts a new continent. The Ptolemy map of 1548 shows that to many people there was still the possibility that America and Asia were joined in the north. The next maps from La Cosa to Velasco, show how the shape of the northeast coast of North America was mapped. These maps show the early doubts as to whether the new discoveries were part of a continuous coast or merely islands in the Atlantic and the eventual resolution of these doubts. Desceliers showed that by 1550 the St. Lawrence estuary was known and that Newfoundland existed as an island. By 1610, the Gulf of St. Lawrence region was even more accurately defined and a great inland lake appeared on the Velasco map. The next five maps show how the Arctic coasts gradually became revealed, partly as a result of the search for the Northwest Passage hypothetically indicated by Mercator in 1595. By 1823 some of the water passages had been discovered and by 1835 the northern continental coastline of America established. The map of 1874 shows the extension of mapping further poleward into the Queen Elizabeth Islands. The final four maps indicate the development of the knowledge of the west coast. De Laet, in 1630, showed the Spanish Empire reaching northward along the Pacific coast; the 1758 map shows Russian activities extending south along the same coast. Cook added further detail which Vancouver supplemented with more precise coastal surveys as shown on the Arrowsmith map of 1822.

Lake depth plays a crucial role in understanding large-scale biogeochemical processes. The thickness of the hypolimnion, influenced by lake depth, is a key factor in oxygen dynamics and carbon processing within lakes. Furthermore, lake depth impacts seasonal ice-off dates and CO2 emissions. Bathymetry shapes lake mixing dynamics, which in turn regulate methane (CH4) emissions and phosphorus release from sediments. Consequently, landscape-scale biogeochemical studies of lake-dominated regions require extensive and accurate bathymetric data. In Canada, more than a million lakes remain without detailed bathymetric data. However, between the 1940s and 1990s, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry produced bathymetric maps for over 11,000 lakes across Ontario. These maps have been scanned and are publicly accessible via Ontario's Open Data Portal (https://data.ontario.ca/dataset/historic-bathymetry-maps). From these historical maps, maximum depths were manually extracted and compiled into this dataset. In addition to maximum depths, lake geometry has been derived using lake polygons provided by the National Hydro Network (NHN) from Natural Resources Canada https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/a4b190fe-e090-4e6d-881e-b87956c07977). Morphometric metrics such as circularity, shoreline complexity, and relative depth were calculated from these polygons and the bathymetric data. This dataset offers a critical resource for understanding the geomorphological and biogeochemical dynamics of lakes across Ontario, Canada.

Historical map of "Canada West" (current day Ontario), showing boundary, road and transportation features.Digital reproduction of map (39 x 55 in.) in the Public Archives of Canada. National Map Collection. Library and Archives Canada."published by A.J. Johnson, New York ; entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1867 by A.J. Johnson, in the Clerks Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York."Includes inset: Niagara River and vicinity, scale 1:633,600.Georeferenced and modified from NMC Map number 2928 by Map, Data and GIS Library, Brock University.

This historical map series consists of the Planimetric Series printed monochrome maps named using the National Topographic System (NTS) map sheet identifier within Alberta. The Planimetric Series base maps were initiated in 1949 and derived from aerial photographs taken during the years 1949 to 1952. These maps display: Alberta Township System (ATS) - hydrographic features - provincial highways - roads - pipelines - transmission lines - municipalities. These maps are not available as GIS-ready data. All available maps are provided in Adobe PDF and TIF format. To obtain the TIF format, please contact the distributor. Geo-referenced PNG files are also available for some maps, but some are roughly georeferenced with only a few control points. Please note that the coverage for the province is incomplete and it is not known if further coverage will be added. Some maps were also updated after their initial publication, please refer to the maps for the most current dates.

Contains all data for the map "Eastern Native Population, Early 17th Century" in the unit Native Population and Subsistence, 17th Century in the Historical Atlas of Canada Online Learning Project. View data in 'tree' view to download the data for specific maps. Documentation and file location found in the file: HACOLP_Nat_Pop_East_17C_Distribution_Info_20161207.pdf NB: Other maps in this unit not included in Byron's distribution folder but that we could probably make available in this same dataset: "Linguistic Families, 17th Century", "Eastern Native Population, Early 17th Century", "Native Subsistence at European Contact, Ethnohistoric Data", and Native Subsistence, 1000 CE to European Contact, Archaeological Data"

This historical map series consists of the Planimetric Series printed monochrome maps named using the National Topographic System (NTS) map sheet identifier within Alberta. The Planimetric Series base maps were initiated in 1949 and derived from aerial photographs taken during the years 1949 to 1952. These maps display: Alberta Township System (ATS) - hydrographic features - provincial highways - roads - pipelines - transmission lines - municipalities. These maps are not available as GIS-ready data. All available maps are provided in Adobe PDF and TIF format. To obtain the TIF format, please contact the distributor. Geo-referenced PNG files are also available for some maps, but some are roughly georeferenced with only a few control points. Please note that the coverage for the province is incomplete and it is not known if further coverage will be added. Some maps were also updated after their initial publication, please refer to the maps for the most current dates.

These data were compiled as a supplement to a previously published journal article (Bradford et al., 2019), that employed a ecosystem water balance model to characterize current and future patterns in soil temperature and moisture conditions in dryland areas of western North America. Also, these data are associated with a published USGS data release (Bradford and Schlaepfer, 2019). The objectives of our study were to (1) characterize current and future patterns in soil temperature and moisture conditions in dryland areas of western North America, (2) evaluate the impact of these changes on estimation of resilience and resistance among a representative set of climate scenarios. These data represent geographic patterns in simulated soil temperature and soil moisture conditions and underlying variables based on SOILWAT2 simulations under climate conditions representing historical (current) time period (1980-2010) and two future projected time periods (2020-2050, d40yrs) and (2070-2100, d90yrs) for two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5, RCP8.5) as medians across simulation runs based on output from each of the available downscaled global circulation models that participated in CMIP5 (RCP4.5, 37 GCMs; RCP8.5, 35 GCMs; Maurer et al. 2007). Additional information about the SOILWAT2 simulation experiments can be found in Bradford et al. 2019. These data were created in 2018, 2019, and 2021 for the area of the sagebrush region in the western North America. These data were created by a collaborative research project between the U.S. Geological Survey, Marshall University and Yale University. These data can be used with the high-resolution matching as defined by Renne et al. (in prep.), and within the scope of Bradford et al. 2019. These data may also be used to evaluate the potential impact of changing climate conditions on geographic patterns in simulated soil temperature and soil moisture conditions.

Contained within the Historical Maps, 1639 to 1949, Atlas of Canada map series, is a reproduction of the original 1639 America Septentrionalis map by the Dutch map making family, Hondius.

This historical map series consists of the Alberta Resource Atlas series of standard page-sized maps outlining various geographical, cultural, and economic characteristics of Alberta. The series is categorized by the following themes: Administrative Regions, Agricultural Processing and Manufacturing, Agricultural Production, Natural Resources, Physical Features, Population, and Service and Recreational Facilities.This product can be viewed on a computer, printed or be plotted in part or in whole. This series is not updated and contains a range of publication dates.

This is a georeferenced raster image of a printed paper map of the Whitney, Ontario region (Sheet No. 031E08), published in 1960. It is the second edition in a series of maps, which show both natural and man-made features such as relief, spot heights, administrative boundaries, secondary and side roads, railways, trails, wooded areas, waterways including lakes, rivers, streams and rapids, bridges, buildings, mills, power lines, terrain, and land formations. This map was published in 1960 and the information on the map is current as of 1951. Maps were produced by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and it's preceding agencies, in partnership with other government agencies. Please note: image / survey capture dates can span several years, and some details may have been updated later than others. Please consult individual map sheets for detailed production information, which can be found in the bottom left hand corner. Original maps were digitally scanned by McGill Libraries in partnership with Canadiana.org, and georeferencing for the maps was provided by the University of Toronto Libraries and Eastview Corporation.