Graph and download economic data for OECD based Recession Indicators for Canada from the Peak through the Trough (DISCONTINUED) (CANRECDM) from 1960-02-01 to 2022-09-30 about peak, trough, recession indicators, and Canada.

This statistic shows the influence of the most recent economic recession (2008-2009) on consumer shopping behavior in Canada as of August 2013. During the survey, 44 percent of the respondents said that they shop around more to make sure they are paying the best price.

This time series is an interpretation of Organisation of Economic Development (OECD) Composite Leading Indicators: Reference Turning Points and Component Series data, which can be found at http://www.oecd.org/std/leading-indicators/oecdcompositeleadingindicatorsreferenceturningpointsandcomponentseries.htm. The OECD identifies months of turning points without designating a date within the month that turning points occurred. The dummy variable adopts an arbitrary convention that the turning point occurred at a specific date within the month. The arbitrary convention does not reflect any judgment on this issue by the OECD. Our time series is composed of dummy variables that represent periods of expansion and recession. A value of 1 is a recessionary period, while a value of 0 is an expansionary period. For this time series, the recession begins on the 15th day of the month of the peak and ends on the 15th day of the month of the trough. This time series is a disaggregation of the monthly series. For more options on recession shading, see the note and links below.

The recession shading data that we provide initially comes from the source as a list of dates that are either an economic peak or trough. We interpret dates into recession shading data using one of three arbitrary methods. All of our recession shading data is available using all three interpretations. The period between a peak and trough is always shaded as a recession. The peak and trough are collectively extrema. Depending on the application, the extrema, both individually and collectively, may be included in the recession period in whole or in part. In situations where a portion of a period is included in the recession, the whole period is deemed to be included in the recession period.

The first interpretation, known as the midpoint method, is to show a recession from the midpoint of the peak through the midpoint of the trough for monthly and quarterly data. For daily data, the recession begins on the 15th of the month of the peak and ends on the 15th of the month of the trough. Daily data is a disaggregation of monthly data. For monthly and quarterly data, the entire peak and trough periods are included in the recession shading. This method shows the maximum number of periods as a recession for monthly and quarterly data. The Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis uses this method in its own publications. The midpoint method is used for this series.

The second interpretation, known as the trough method, is to show a recession from the period following the peak through the trough (i.e. the peak is not included in the recession shading, but the trough is). For daily data, the recession begins on the first day of the first month following the peak and ends on the last day of the month of the trough. Daily data is a disaggregation of monthly data. The trough method is used when displaying data on FRED graphs. A version of this time series represented using the trough method can be found at:

https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CANRECD

The third interpretation, known as the peak method, is to show a recession from the period of the peak to the trough (i.e. the peak is included in the recession shading, but the trough is not). For daily data, the recession begins on the first day of the month of the peak and ends on the last day of the month preceding the trough. Daily data is a disaggregation of monthly data. A version of this time series represented using the peak method can be found at:

https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CANRECDP

The OECD CLI system is based on the "growth cycle" approach, where business cycles and turning points are measured and identified in the deviation-from-trend series. The main reference series used in the OECD CLI system for the majority of countries is industrial production (IIP) covering all industry sectors excluding construction. This series is used because of its cyclical sensitivity and monthly availability, while the broad based Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is used to supplement the IIP series for identification of the final reference turning points in the growth cycle.

Zones aggregates of the CLIs and the reference series are calculated as weighted averages of the corresponding zone member series (i.e. CLIs and IIPs).

Up to December 2008 the turning points chronologies shown for regional/zone area aggregates or individual countries are determined by the rules established by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) in the United States, which have been formalized and incorporated in a computer routine (Bry and Boschan) and included in the Phase-Average Trend (PAT) de-trending procedure. Starting from December 2008 the turning point detection algorithm is decoupled from the de-trending procedure, and is a simplified version of the original Bry and Boschan routine. (The routine parses local minima and maxima in the cycle series and applies censor rules to guarantee alternating peaks and troughs, as well as phase and cycle length constraints.)

The components of the CLI are time series which exhibit leading relationship with the reference series (IIP) at turning points. Country CLIs are compiled by combining de-trended smoothed and normalized components. The component series for each country are selected based on various criteria such as economic significance; cyclical behavior; data quality; timeliness and availability.

OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD Composite Leading Indicators, "Composite Leading Indicators: Reference Turning Points and Component Series", http://www.oecd.org/std/leading-indicators/oecdcompositeleadingindicatorsreferenceturningpointsandcomponentseries.htm (Accessed on date)

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Canada expanded 0.50 percent in the first quarter of 2025 over the previous quarter. This dataset provides - Canada GDP Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Canada GDP Counterfactual Tracker: % Change from Pre-Crisis Trend: High data was reported at -0.325 % in 30 Jan 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.404 % for 23 Jan 2022. Canada GDP Counterfactual Tracker: % Change from Pre-Crisis Trend: High data is updated weekly, averaging -2.325 % from May 2020 (Median) to 30 Jan 2022, with 91 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.404 % in 23 Jan 2022 and a record low of -9.373 % in 24 May 2020. Canada GDP Counterfactual Tracker: % Change from Pre-Crisis Trend: High data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.OECD.WT: GDP Growth Tracker: Weekly.

The statistic shows the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Canada from 1987 to 2023, with projections up until 2029. In 2023, the gross domestic product per capita in Canada was around 53,607.4 U.S. dollars. Canada's economy GDP per capita is a measurement often used to determine economic growth and potential increases in productivity and is calculated by taking the GDP and dividing it by the total population in the country. In 2014, Canada had one of the largest GDP per capita values in the world, a value that has grown continuously since 2010 after experiencing a slight downturn due to the financial crisis of 2008. Canada is seen as one of the premier countries in the world, particularly due to its strong economy and healthy international relations, most notably with the United States. Canada and the United States have political, social and economical similarities that further strengthen their relationship. The United States was and continues to be Canada’s primary and most important trade partner and vice versa. Canada’s economy is partly supported by its exports, most notably crude oil, which was the country’s largest export category. Canada was also one of the world’s leading oil exporters in 2013, exporting more than the United States. Additionally, Canada was also a major exporter of goods such as motor vehicles and mechanical appliances, which subsequently ranked the country as one of the world’s top export countries in 2013.

The 2009 Ipsos Canada End of Year Poll queries Canadians on issues and events that affected their lives in 2009, as well as their feelings on the next year. Respondents are asked for their opinions on Canadian politics, the nation's military presence in Afghanistan, their economic well-being and job status, as well as their feelings on the biggest news story and newsmaker of 2009. 1038 respondents from across the nation contributed to the 2009 End of Year Poll.

As of April 16, 2025, the Canadian bond market displayed a positive spread of 57.8 basis points between 10-year and 2-year yields, indicating long-term rates above short-term ones. The 2-year versus 1-year sprea also showed a positive spread of 19.1 basis points. Negative spreads indicate a (partially) inverted yield curve. This often signals investor pessimism about short-term economic prospects, as investors seek the relative safety of long-term bonds, pushing those yields down relative to shorter-term bonds. An inverted yield curve is typically interpreted as a potential indicator of economic slowdown or recession, as it reflects expectations of lower interest rates in the future to stimulate the economy.

With the global impact of the 2020 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), there has been a surge in public debt and uncertainty in the global economy. As the likelihood of a recession and a higher debt for Canada increases, the utility of a forecasting model is a realistic choice to both predict and determine optimal fiscal decisions for the government. This paper seeks to ratify existing historical trends in three developed economies (Canada, Japan, and the U.K.) as well as offer a time series forecast for the proceeding five years’ debt to GDP ratio. As per the International Monetary Fund (IMF), a limit of 60% in debt to GDP ratio was employed to measure how far off these three countries were from a considerably recoverable amount of debt. The time series forecast that the U.K. will drop to 65.436% by 2025, however, Japan and Canada will continue to accumulate debt to 254.3851% and 80.107% respectively.

During the Great Recession of 2008-2009, the advanced economies of the G7 experienced a period of acute financial crises, downturns in the non-financial economy, and political instability. The governments of these countries in many cases stepped in to backstop their financial sectors and to try to stimulate their economies. The scale of these interventions was large by historical standards, with observers making comparisons to the measures of the New Deal which the U.S. undertook in the 1930s to end the Great Depression.

The bailouts of financial institutions and stimulus packages caused the government debt ratios of the United States, United Kingdom, and Japan in particular to rise sharply. The UK's government debt ratio almost doubled due to the bailouts of Northern Rock and Royal Bank of Scotland. On the other hand, the increases in government debt in the Eurozone were more measured, due to the comparative absence of stimulus spending in these countries. They would later be hit hard during the Eurozone crisis of the 2010s, when bank lending to the periphery of the Eurozone (Portugal, Spain, Ireland and Greece in particular) would trigger a sovereign debt crisis. The Canadian government, led by a Conservative premier, engaged in some fiscal stimulus to support its economy, but these packages were small in comparison to that in most other of the G7 countries.

The Ipsos Canada’s Pulse series offer a sampling of public opinion at the municipal level in Canada’s largest urban centres. These surveys, commissioned on behalf of Global Television, query respondents on national as well as local issues and concerns. Respondents from each city within the survey are asked to answer questions particular to their municipality and province. The survey therefore reveals local and timely data on topics such as municipal and community leadership, health care, commuting and traffic, elections, taxation, the economy, and culture. The 2010 Canada's Pulse poll is accompanied by a series of statistical tables and city-specific reports for further analysis. This survey has a sample of 7208 Respondents

The data and programs replicate tables and figures from “Community Attachment, Job Loss and Regional Labour Mobility in Canada: Evidence from the Great Recession", by Messacar. Please see the ReadMe file for additional details.

Snapshot img

Modular Data Centers Market Size 2024-2028

The global modular data centers market size is forecast to increase by USD 42.56 billion, at a CAGR of 19.8% between 2023 and 2028. The need to streamline traditional data centers is a major factor fueling market growth. Today, companies running single conventional data centers grapple with complex management and soaring capital costs due to sophisticated power and cooling systems. With the current economic recession, businesses are increasingly seeking cost-effective and scalable solutions. Modular data centers, with their standardized, portable designs, provide an ideal alternative that can be quickly deployed. Mobile network operators and colocation providers are among the leading users of these solutions. These modular setups are more environmentally friendly, thanks to their energy-efficient HVAC systems and IT equipment. As big data, AI, cloud computing, 5G, and IoT applications require higher operating temperatures, the flexibility and scalability of modular designs become even more crucial.

What will be the Size of the Market During the Forecast Period?

To learn more about this report, Download Report Sample

Market Segmentation

By End-user

IT and Telecom is the Leading Segment to Dominate the Market

The IT and telecom segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. In the global market, Modular Data Centers hold a significant share, particularly in the IT and telecom sector. These centers are essential for providing the required computing power and storage for various applications and services in the industry. With the rise of cloud computing, the demand for data centers has escalated, as businesses seek to access resources without substantial capital expenditure. The IT and telecom segment was the largest and was valued at USD 4.02 billion in 2018. The influx of data from businesses and individuals necessitates data centers capable of handling vast amounts of information. Recession or not, Modular Data Centers offer scalability and rapid deployment, making them attractive to mobile network providers and data center colocation providers. Green data centers, with their standard design and cooling systems, are increasingly popular due to their energy efficiency. Big data, AI, cloud computing, 5G infrastructure, Internet of things, and cloud-based solutions are driving the market's growth.

For more details on other segments, Download Sample Report

North America Holds a Prominent Position in the Market

North America is estimated to contribute 30% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period. Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period. The Edge computing trend is driving the growth of the market in the US and Canada, particularly in the BFSI industry. Large enterprises are shifting towards energy-efficient data centers to minimize costs and CAPEX, opting for cloud solutions from hyperscale providers like AWS, Microsoft, and Oracle. As of 2021, the US hosts over 2,670 data centers, making it the global leader. Quicksilver Capital and the World Economic Forum highlight the importance of digital transformation in this context. These offer Scalable data centers for large enterprises, enabling them to meet their computing capacity requirements efficiently.

To understand geographic trends Download Report Sample

Market Dynamics and Customer Landscape

They have emerged as a popular solution for businesses seeking scalability and rapid deployment during times of economic uncertainty, such as a recession. These data centers utilize a modular design, allowing for easy expansion and contraction based on demand. Green data centers, which prioritize energy efficiency, are a key focus in the modular data center market. Mobile network providers and large enterprises are major consumers, as they require cloud-based networking and 5G infrastructure to support digital transformation initiatives. The solutions sub-segment and services segment of the modular data center market are expected to grow significantly, as businesses increasingly turn to cloud-based solutions for their data storage and processing needs. The World Economic Forum has the importance of energy-efficient data centers in reducing carbon emissions and mitigating the environmental impact of digitalization. Quicksilver Capital and other investors have shown interest in the modular data center market, recognizing its potential for innovation and growth. Overall, the modular data center market is poised for expansion, driven by the need for scalable, energy-efficient, and quickly deployable solutions.

Key Market Driver

Requirement to reduce complexity of traditional data centers is notably driving market growth. In today's business landscape, enterprises operating a single traditional data center face

This Conference Board of Canada report finds that the federal government is not on track to reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions under its 2030 Emissions Reduction Plan and that any emissions reductions achieved are expected to come with significant economic costs including lower employment, higher consumer prices, a lower GDP, and lower Canadian oil and gas production. Given the importance of the oil and gas sector to Alberta’s economy, the Conference Board of Canada anticipates Alberta will be disproportionately impacted by the policies in the federal plan. Alberta would experience a deep recession in 2030 and would subsequently experience slower economic growth. Jobs would be lost, incomes would decrease and government revenues would decline.

As of April 2020, over 60 percent of Canadians told Angus Reid that they were currently in good shape financially, but were worried about the duration of the COVID-19 outbreak. The coronavirus pandemic has resulted in supply chain disruptions, job losses, stock market dips, and increased the risk of recession worldwide.

This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions on the upcoming election, prospects for the successor of Brian Mulroney as Progressive Conservative Party leader, and questions related to political party preference. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as opinion on the amount of doctors in Canada, the economic recession, and new immigrants. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: election; economy; immigration; doctors in Canada; and political party preference. Basic demographic variables are also included.

This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as energy shortages, inflation and swimming ability. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: the approval of Broadbent as NDP leader; the approval of Clark as leader of the Conservative party; the approval of Trudeau as Prime Minister; chances of an energy shortage; chances of finding a new job if fired; the energy crisis in Canada; the government's handling of the economy; learning how to swim; the most important problem facing Canada; preferred political leader; the amount recession in the future; reducing unemployment; rising prices and income; success of controlling inflation; swimming ability; taking a job of less pay or lower status; trying to curb inflation; and using a small boat. Basic demographic variables are also included.

Phoenix SPI was commissioned by Human Resources and Skills Development Canada to explore with Canadians issues relevant to the department’s mandate. The objectives of the 2010-2011 survey included the following: • Explore issues related to the recent recession and the economic recovery now under-way; • Gauge Canadians’ awareness, understanding and perceptions of issues related to the aging of our population, including the perceived impact of our aging population on Canadian society/economy; • Explore issues related to caregiving, including the challenges facing caregivers, the types of support needed, the amount of time devoted to caregiving, and perceptions of how well caregivers are coping with their responsibilities; • Explore issues related to indebtedness, including the nature and impact of household debt on Canadians; and • Assess government performance in areas relevant to the department’s mandate, tracking measures included in previous surveys. A mixed methodology was used that included a telephone survey and a set of focus groups. The survey averaged 17 minutes and was conducted with 1,505 Canadian residents, 18 years of age and older. Based on a sample of this size, the results can be considered to be accurate to within +/- 2.53%, 19 times out of 20. The fieldwork for the survey was conducted January 29 to February 18, 2011. A set of eight focus groups was conducted in four locations (two per city), using both in-person (Toronto, Montreal) and online focus groups (Halifax and Calgary). The groups were segmented by age: one group per location consisted of participants 18-35 years old, and the other group of participants aged 36-65. The qualitative research results provide an indication of participants’ views about the issues explored, but cannot be generalized to the full population of Canadian residents, 18 years and older.

Graph and download economic data for Real-time Sahm Rule Recession Indicator (SAHMREALTIME) from Dec 1959 to May 2025 about recession indicators, academic data, and USA.

Phoenix SPI was commissioned by Human Resources and Skills Development Canada to explore with Canadians issues relevant to the department’s mandate. The objectives of the 2010-2011 survey included the following: • Explore issues related to the recent recession and the economic recovery now under-way; • Gauge Canadians’ awareness, understanding and perceptions of issues related to the aging of our population, including the perceived impact of our aging population on Canadian society/economy; • Explore issues related to caregiving, including the challenges facing caregivers, the types of support needed, the amount of time devoted to caregiving, and perceptions of how well caregivers are coping with their responsibilities; • Explore issues related to indebtedness, including the nature and impact of household debt on Canadians; and • Assess government performance in areas relevant to the department’s mandate, tracking measures included in previous surveys. A mixed methodology was used that included a telephone survey and a set of focus groups. The survey averaged 17 minutes and was conducted with 1,505 Canadian residents, 18 years of age and older. Based on a sample of this size, the results can be considered to be accurate to within +/- 2.53%, 19 times out of 20. The fieldwork for the survey was conducted January 29 to February 18, 2011. A set of eight focus groups was conducted in four locations (two per city), using both in-person (Toronto, Montreal) and online focus groups (Halifax and Calgary). The groups were segmented by age: one group per location consisted of participants 18-35 years old, and the other group of participants aged 36-65. The qualitative research results provide an indication of participants’ views about the issues explored, but cannot be generalized to the full population of Canadian residents, 18 years and older.