This table contains 4095 series, with data for years 1921 - 1971 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (13 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Prince Edward Island; Nova Scotia ...) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...) Age group (105 items: All ages; 1 year; 2 years; 0 years ...).

It is presumed that the first humans migrated from Siberia to North America approximately twelve thousand years ago, where they then moved southwards to warmer lands. It was not until many centuries later that humans returned to the north and began to settle regions that are now part of Canada. Despite a few short-lived Viking settlements on Newfoundland around the turn of the first millennium CE, the Italian explorer Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot), became the first European to explore the coast of North America in the late 1400s. The French and British crowns both made claims to areas of Canada throughout the sixteenth century, but real colonization and settlement did not begin until the early seventeenth century. Over the next 150 years, France and Britain competed to take control of the booming fur and fishing trade, and to expand their overseas empires. In the Seven Year's War, Britain eventually defeated the French colonists in North America, through superior numbers and a stronger agriculture resources in the southern colonies, and the outcome of the war saw France cede practically all of it's colonies in North America to the British.

Increased migration and declining native populations

The early 1800s saw a large influx of migrants into Canada, with the Irish Potato Famine bringing the first wave of mass-migration to the country, with further migration coming from Scandinavia and Northern Europe. It is estimated that the region received just shy of one million migrants from the British Isles alone, between 1815 and 1850, which helped the population grow to 2.5 million in the mid-1800s and 5.5 million in 1900. It is also estimated that infectious diseases killed around 25 to 33 percent of all Europeans who migrated to Canada before 1891, and around a third of the Canadian population is estimated to have emigrated southwards to the United States in the 1871-1896 period. From the time of European colonization until the mid-nineteenth century, the native population of Canada dropped from roughly 500,000 (some estimates put it as high as two million) to just over 100,000; this was due to a mixture of disease, starvation and warfare, instigated by European migration to the region. The native population was generally segregated and oppressed until the second half of the 1900s; Native Canadians were given the vote in 1960, and, despite their complicated and difficult history, the Canadian government has made significant progress in trying to include indigenous cultures in the country's national identity in recent years. As of 2020, Indigenous Canadians make up more than five percent of the total Canadian population, and a higher birth rate means that this share of the population is expected to grow in the coming decades.

Independence and modern Canada

Canadian independence was finally acknowledged in 1931 by the Statute of Westminster, putting it on equal terms with the United Kingdom within the Commonwealth; virtually granting independence and sovereignty until the Canada Act of 1982 formalized it. Over the past century, Canada has had a relatively stable political system and economy (although it was hit particularly badly by the Wall Street Crash of 1929). Canada entered the First World War with Britain, and as an independent Allied Power in the Second World War; Canadian forces played pivotal roles in a number of campaigns, notably Canada's Hundred Days in WWI, and the country lost more than 100,000 men across both conflicts. The economy boomed in the aftermath of the Second World War, and a stream of socially democratic programs such as universal health care and the Canadian pension plan were introduced, which contributed to a rise in the standard of living. The post war period also saw various territories deciding to join Canada, with Newfoundland joining in 1949, and Nunavut in 1999. Today Canada is among the most highly ranked in countries in terms of civil liberties, quality of life and economic growth. It promotes and welcomes immigrants from all over the world and, as a result, it has one of the most ethnically diverse and multicultural populations of any country in the world. As of 2020, Canada's population stands at around 38 million people, and continues to grow due to high migration levels and life expectancy, and a steady birth rate.

This table contains 13 series, with data for years 1926 - 1960 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2000-02-18. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (13 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Prince Edward Island; Nova Scotia ...).

Graph and download economic data for Employment-Population Ratio in Canada (DISCONTINUED) (CANEPRNA) from 1970 to 2012 about employment-population ratio, Canada, population, and employment.

Canada CA: Rural Population data was reported at 7,272,932.000 Person in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 7,105,599.000 Person for 2022. Canada CA: Rural Population data is updated yearly, averaging 6,322,948.000 Person from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,272,932.000 Person in 2023 and a record low of 5,191,541.000 Person in 1970. Canada CA: Rural Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Rural population refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population. Aggregation of urban and rural population may not add up to total population because of different country coverages.;World Bank staff estimates based on the United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects: 2018 Revision.;Sum;

This table contains 77 series, with data for years 1962 - 1970 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (13 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Prince Edward Island; Nova Scotia ...) Components of population growth (6 items: Births; Immigrants; Deaths; Emigrants ...).

This table contains 77 series, with data for years 1962 - 1970 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (13 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Prince Edward Island; Nova Scotia ...) Components of population growth (6 items: Births; Immigrants; Deaths; Emigrants ...).

Graph and download economic data for Employment-Population Ratio for Men in Canada (DISCONTINUED) (CANEPRMNA) from 1970 to 2012 about employment-population ratio, males, Canada, population, and employment.

Graph and download economic data for Resident Population in Canadian County, OK (OKCANA7POP) from 1970 to 2024 about Canadian County, OK; Oklahoma City; OK; residents; population; and USA.

The Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators (CESI) program provides data and information to track Canada's performance on key environmental sustainability issues. The Trends in Canada's bird populations indicator reports population trends of Canada's native bird species from 1970 to 2016. Bird species are categorized into species groups based on their feeding or habitat requirements. Because birds are sensitive to environmental changes, they can be used as an indicator of ecosystem health and the state of biodiversity. Since most bird species are also easily detected and observed, many long-term monitoring programs exist; they provide data on population change dating back to the 1970s (or, in some cases, even earlier). Tracking the status of Canada's birds can help to identify the impacts of these changes, and can also help to set priorities, evaluate management actions and track the recovery of species at risk. Information is provided to Canadians in a number of formats including: static and interactive maps, charts and graphs, HTML and CSV data tables and downloadable reports. See the supplementary documentation for data sources and details on how those data were collected and how the indicator was calculated. Supplemental Information Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators - Home page: https://www.canada.ca/environmental-indicators

Graph and download economic data for Working-age Population in Canada (DISCONTINUED) (CANWFPNA) from 1970 to 2012 about working-age, Canada, and population.

This table contains 13 series, with data for years 1921 - 1971 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (13 items: Canada; Prince Edward Island; Nova Scotia; Newfoundland and Labrador ...).

Time series of population abundance data for Canadian vertebrate species spanning years between 1970 and 2016. Confidential records that cannot be shared have been removed from this data set. These data have been used to calculate the Canadian Species Index and some of the trends published in the Living Planet Report Canada in 2017.

The Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators (CESI) program provides data and information to track Canada's performance on key environmental sustainability issues. The Canadian species index represents the average percent change in the sizes of Canadian vertebrate species' populations since 1970. The index is an "average of trends", rather than a measure of change in the total number of animals: each species, whether it is common or rare, has the same effect on the index. The index reports general trends rather than progress towards desired levels. Animal wildlife populations depend on healthy habitats and can be negatively impacted by threats such as pollution or hunting. Trends in animal populations are a good proxy measure of overall trends in biodiversity and ecosystem health. Information is provided to Canadians in a number of formats including: static and interactive maps, charts and graphs, HTML and CSV data tables and downloadable reports. See the supplementary documentation for the data sources and details on how the data were collected and how the indicator was calculated.

Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators: https://www.canada.ca/environmental-indicators

Supplemental Information

Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators - Home page:

      https://www.canada.ca/environmental-indicators


      Supporting Projects: Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators (CESI)

The Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators (CESI) program provides data and information to track Canada's performance on key environmental sustainability issues. The Canadian species index represents the average percent change in the sizes of Canadian vertebrate species' populations since 1970. The index is an "average of trends", rather than a measure of change in the total number of animals: each species, whether it is common or rare, has the same effect on the index. The index reports general trends rather than progress towards desired levels. Animal wildlife populations depend on healthy habitats and can be negatively impacted by threats such as pollution or hunting. Trends in animal populations are a good proxy measure of overall trends in biodiversity and ecosystem health. Information is provided to Canadians in a number of formats including: static and interactive maps, charts and graphs, HTML and CSV data tables and downloadable reports. See the supplementary documentation for the data sources and details on how the data were collected and how the indicator was calculated. Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators: https://www.canada.ca/environmental-indicators Supplemental Information Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators - Home page:

Archived population trend estimates, based on data collected through the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), for approximately 300 Canadian bird species. These archived estimates use data from Canadian BBS routes only, collected from 1970 through 2011. Trends are presented for species, provinces, territories, Bird Conservation Regions (BCR), as well as the sub-regions that make up the analytical strata (intersections of BCRs and provinces/territories), for which there are sufficient BBS data for statistical analysis. These estimates were produced using a hierarchical Bayesian model, which differs from the maximum likelihood model that was used to generate BBS trend estimates from 2002 through 2009. Further details on the statistical methods used to produce these estimates is available in the downloadable word documents. The BBS is jointly coordinated by Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Any use of these BBS results for Canada should acknowledge the hundreds of skilled volunteers in Canada who have participated in the BBS over the years and those who have served as provincial or territorial coordinators for the BBS. The most current estimates of BBS trends and annual indices can be found at: http://ec.gc.ca/ron-bbs/ General information on the BBS in Canada (e.g., the data collection methods, survey coverage, etc.) can be found at: http://ec.gc.ca/reom-mbs/

Life expectancy in Canada was just below forty in the year 1800, and over the course of the next 220 years, it is expected to have increased by more than double to 82.2 by the year 2020. Throughout this time, life expectancy in Canada progressed at a steady rate, with the most noticeable changes coming during the interwar period, where the rate of increase was affected by the Spanish Flu epidemic and both World Wars.

This statistic displays the age-standardized death rate in Canada from 2000 to 2023, including all causes. In 2007, around *** out of 100 thousand Canadians died from any cause. In 2023, the death rate stood at nearly *** per 100,000. Death rates in CanadaCardiovascular disease and cancer are two of the most common causes of death in Canada and among other developed countries. In Canada major cardiovascular diseases accounted for around *** deaths per 100,000 population in 2023 and cancer accounted for around *** deaths per 100,000 population. The overall death rate in Canada has steadily increased since 2010, but saw greater increases in the years 2020 to 2022, in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021, COVID-19 was the fourth leading cause of death in Canada, accounting for around five percent of all deaths that year. Life expectancy in CanadaBetween 1970 and 2019, Canada’s life expectancy at birth increased by *** years. The life expectancy in Canada as of 2021 was at almost 82 years of age, one year above the average life expectancy for OECD countries. As is common around the world, the life expectancy for women in Canada is higher than that of men, with Canadian women expected to live an average of over four years longer than their male counterparts.

Le programme des Indicateurs canadiens de durabilité de l'environnement (ICDE) rend compte de la performance du Canada à l'égard d'enjeux clés en matière de développement durable. L'indicateur sur les Tendances des populations d'oiseaux du Canada rend compte des tendances chez les populations d'oiseaux indigènes du Canada, de 1970 à 2016. Les espèces d'oiseaux sont catégorisées selon des groupes d'espèces fondés sur leurs besoins en matière d'alimentation ou d'habitat. Comme les oiseaux sont sensibles aux changements environnementaux, ils peuvent servir d'indicateur de la santé des écosystèmes et de l'état de la biodiversité. Le suivi de l'état des oiseaux du Canada peut aider à cerner les répercussions de ces changements et peut aussi contribuer à l'établissement de priorités, à l'évaluation de mesures de gestion et au suivi du rétablissement des espèces en péril. Cette information est rendue disponible aux Canadiens sous plusieurs formats : figures et graphiques, tableaux de données HTML et CSV et rapports téléchargeables. Voir la documentation supplémentaire pour les sources des données et pour lire comment les données sont collectées et comment l'indicateur est calculé. Indicateurs canadiens de durabilité de l'environnement : https://www.canada.ca/indicateurs-environnementaux Renseignements supplémentaires Indicateurs canadiens de durabilité de l'environnement - Page principale du programme: https://www.canada.ca/indicateurs-environnementaux Soutien aux projets : Indicateurs canadiens de durabilité de l'environnement (ICDE)

The wolf population in Riding Mountain National Park is monitored through track counts that are conducted each winter according to methods established by Canadian Wildlife Service in the 1970’s. Wolves are the top predator in Riding Mountain National Park and monitoring their numbers assists in determining their long-term sustainability in the park.