This site provides public access to real-time hydrometric data collected at over 1800 locations and access to historical data collected at over 7600 stations (active and discontinued) in Canada. These data are collected under a national program jointly administered under federal-provincial and federal-territorial cost-sharing agreements. It is through partnerships that the Water Survey of Canada program has built a standardized and credible environmental information base for Canada.

The map shows 3172 hydrometric stations, 1491 active and 1681 inactive, located on rivers and lakes across the country. All the stations on the map are situated in a drainage area of 200 square kilometres or more. For 1200 stations shown on the map, surface water level measurements are recorded in real time, every three hours daily, when in operation, although the number of stations recording data varies throughout the year. Hydrometric stations record information on the water level, flow velocity and discharge. Water level is the elevation at the water’s surface; flow velocity is the rate of water flow; and discharge is the amount of water flowing past a point in a unit of time. For both active and inactive stations recorded water data are available. The hydrometric network is run and operated through a federal-provincial cost-sharing program.

This dataset contains monthly river flow data for stations (gauges) on Canadian rivers and streams.

The daily mean is the average of all unit values for a given day.

1. Provides public access to real-time instantatenous water level collected at over 1800 active locations in Canada. These data are collected under a national program jointly administered under federal-provincial and federal-territorial cost-sharing agreements; 2. Provides public access to archived daily water level for stations of interest using search criteria. These data include: daily and monthly mean, max and min of water levels. For some sites, annual peaks and extremes are also recorded. Archived water level data are disseminated online; 3. Provides public access to a MS Access database file containing archived daily water level that users can download to their desktop. These data include: daily and monthly mean, max and min of water level. For some sites, annual peaks and extremes are also recorded. MS Access file is updated quarterly; 4. Provides public access to water level statistics for stations of interest using search criteria.

This web mapping application shows the monitoring networks used to track drought conditions across Manitoba. Each tab displays a different source of data, including: streamflow and water level, groundwater, precipitation, reservoir supply status, and Canadian and United States Drought Monitor contours. Each of the data sources are explained in more detail below. Please note the following information when using the web mapping application: When you click on a data point on the River and Lake, Groundwater or Reservoir maps, a pop-up box will appear. This pop-up box contains information on the streamflow (in cubic feet per second; ft3/s), water level (in feet), groundwater level (in metres), storage volume (acre-feet), or supply status (in per cent of full supply level; %) for that location. Click on the Percentile Plot link at the bottom of the pop-up box to view a three-year time series of observed conditions (available for river and lake and groundwater conditions only). A toolbar is located in the top right corner of the web mapping application. The Query Tool can be used to search for a specific river, lake or reservoir monitoring station by name or aquifer type by location. The Layer List enables the user to toggle between precipitation conditions layers (1-month, 3-month, and 12-month) and increase or decrease the transparency of the layer. Data is current for the date indicated on the pop-up box, percentile plot, or map product. Near-real time data are preliminary and subject to change upon review. River and lake conditions are monitored to determine the severity of hydrological dryness in a watershed. River and lake measurements are converted to percentiles by comparing daily measurements from a specified day to historical measurements over the monitoring station’s period of record for that particular day. A percentile is a value on a scale of zero to 100 that indicates the percent of a distribution that is equal to or below it. In general: Streamflow (or lake level) which is greater than the 90th percentile is classified as “much above normal”. Streamflow (or lake level) which is between the 75th and 90th percentile is classified as “above normal”. Streamflow (or lake level) which is between the 25th and 75th percentiles is classified as “normal”. Streamflow (or lake level) which is between the 10th and 25th percentile is classified as “below normal”. Streamflow (or lake level) which is less than the 10th percentile is classified as “much below normal”. "Median" indicates the midpoint (or 50th percentile) of the distribution, whereby 50 per cent of the data falls below the given point, and 50 per cent falls above. Other flow categories include: "Lowest" indicates that the estimated streamflow (or lake level) is the lowest value ever measured for the day of the year. "Highest" indicates that the estimated streamflow (or lake level) is the highest value ever measured for the day of the year. Monitoring stations classified as “No Data” do not have current estimates of streamflow (or lake level) available. Click on the Percentile Plot link at the bottom of the pop-up box to view a graph (in PDF format) displaying a three-year time series of observed conditions relative to the historical percentiles described above. The period of record used to compute the percentiles is stated, alongside the station ID, and if the river or lake is regulated (i.e. controlled) or natural. Hydrometric data are obtained from Water Survey of Canada, Manitoba Infrastructure, and the United States Geological Survey. Near real-time data are preliminary as they can be impacted by ice, wind, or equipment malfunction. Preliminary data are subject to change upon review. Groundwater conditions are monitored to determine the severity of hydrological dryness in an aquifer. Water levels are converted to percentiles by comparing daily measurements from a specified day to historical measurements over the monitoring station’s period of record for that particular day. A percentile is a value on a scale of zero to 100 that indicates the percent of a distribution that is equal to or below it. In general: A groundwater level which is greater than the 90th percentile is classified as “much above normal”. A groundwater level which is between the 75th and 90th percentile is classified as “above normal”. A groundwater level which is between the 25th and 75th percentiles is classified as “normal”. A groundwater level which is between the 10th and 25th percentile is classified as “below normal”. A groundwater level which is less than the 10th percentile is classified as “much below normal”. Monitoring stations classified as “No Data” do not have current measurements of groundwater level available. "Median" indicates the midpoint (or 50th percentile) of the distribution, whereby 50 per cent of the data falls below the given point, and 50 per cent falls above. Click on the Percentile Plot link at the bottom of the pop-up box to view a graph (in PDF format) displaying a three-year time series of observed conditions relative to the historical percentiles described above. The period of record used to compute the percentiles is stated, alongside the station ID. Precipitation conditions maps are developed to determine the severity of meteorological dryness and are also an indirect measurement of agricultural dryness. Precipitation indicators are calculated at over 40 locations by comparing total precipitation over the time period to long-term (1971 – 2015) medians. Three different time periods are used to represent: (1) short-term conditions (the past month), (2) medium-term conditions (the past three months), and (3) long-term conditions (the past twelve months). These indicator values are then interpolated across the province to produce the maps provided here. Long-term and medium-term precipitation indicators provide the most appropriate assessment of dryness as the short term indicator is influenced by significant rainfall events and spatial variability in rainfall, particularly during summer storms. Due to large distances between meteorological stations in northern Manitoba, the interpolated contours in this region are based on limited observations and should be interpreted with caution. Precipitation conditions are classified as follows: Per cent of median greater than 115 per cent is classified as “above normal”. Per cent of median between 85 per cent and 115 per cent is classified as “normal”. Per cent of median between 60 per cent and 85 per cent is classified as “moderately dry”. Per cent of median between 40 per cent and 60 per cent is classified as a “severely dry”. Per cent of median less than 40 per cent is classified as an “extremely dry”. Precipitation data is obtained from Environment and Climate Change Canada, Manitoba Agriculture, and Manitoba Sustainable Development’s Fire Program. Reservoir conditions are monitored at 15 locations across southern Manitoba to track water availability, including possible water shortages. Conditions are reported both as a water level and as a “supply status”. The supply status is the current amount of water stored in the reservoir compared to the target storage volume of the reservoir (termed “full supply level”). A supply status greater than 100 per cent represents a reservoir that is exceeding full supply level. Canadian and U.S Drought Monitors: Several governments, agencies, and universities monitor the spatial extent and intensity of drought conditions across Canada and the United States, producing maps and data products available through the Canadian Drought Monitor and United States Drought Monitor websites. The Canadian Drought Monitor is managed through Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, while the United States Drought Monitor is a joint effort between The National Drought Mitigation Centre (at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln), the United States Department of Agriculture, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The drought monitor assessments are based on a suite of drought indicators, impacts data and local reports as interpreted by federal, provincial/state and academic scientists. Both the Canadian and United States drought assessments have been amalgamated to form this map, and use the following drought classification system: D0 (Abnormally Dry) – represents an event that occurs every 3 - 5 years; D1 (Moderate Drought) – 5 to 10 year event; D2 (Severe Drought) – 10 to 20 year event; D3 (Extreme Drought) – 20 to 50 year event; and D4 (Exceptional Drought) – 50+ year event. Additionally, the map indicates whether drought impacts are: (1) short-term (S); typically less than six months, such as impacts to agriculture and grasslands, (2) long-term (L); typically more than six months, such as impacts to hydrology and ecology, or (3) a combination of both short-term and long-term impacts (SL). The Canadian Drought Monitor publishes its assessments monthly, and United States Drought Monitor maps are released weekly on Thursday mornings. The amalgamated map provided here will be updated on a monthly basis corresponding to the release of the Canadian Drought Monitor map. Care will be taken to ensure both maps highlight drought conditions for the same point in time; however the assessment dates may differ between Canada and the United States due to when the maps are published. Please click on an area of drought on the map to confirm the assessment date. Canadian Drought Monitor data are subject to the Government of Canada Open Data Licence Agreement: https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada. United States Drought Monitor data are available on the United States Drought Monitor website: https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu. For more information, please visit the Manitoba Drought Monitor website.

Measurement of flow and level stations from partners of the Ministry of Public Security (MSP). Flows and levels make it possible to automatically monitor the risks of flooding in open water on rivers, watersheds and lakes where hydrometric stations are installed based on pre-established consequence thresholds. Other watercourses that do not have such instruments are also monitored by municipal and governmental authorities. Data from the following partners are integrated into the application and web services: Quebec Water Expertise Center, Quebec Water Expertise Center, Meteorological Service of Canada, Hydrographic Service of Canada, Hydro Meteo, Chaudière River Monitoring System, USGS... The latest level (m) and flow (m³/s) values are provided, when available, as well as the status of the station according to pre-established flood thresholds. The definition of states can be found here: https://vigilance.geo.msp.gouv.qc.ca/en-savoir-plus/stations#etat). This data is updated several times a day and is also visualized in the Vigilance - Flood Monitoring application.**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

The lightweight web app shows the locations of several river and lake stations where water levels and/or flow data are collected in Manitoba. The web map shows the locations of several river and lake stations where water levels and/or flow data are collected. When you click on a location on this map, a pop-up box will appear. The pop-up box contains various water level and/or flow data, as well as forecast information. Please note these conditions regarding the information contained in the pop-up boxes:The information on this map is updated daily at 1:00 pm during the spring runoff period, based on water levels and flows collected earlier in the morning. The water levels and flows should be considered preliminary data as they could be affected by ice, wind, or monitoring equipment malfunctions. While the department undertakes due diligence in utilizing this data, final quality control checked data is published by Water Survey of Canada, our main data provider, after the spring runoff. Forecasted peak information is the most recent data available. Forecasts are evaluated daily and any updates are included in the Daily Flood Sheets and the Flood Report; both of these are available on the Manitoba Flood Forecast website. If the updated forecasts will not be available until later in the afternoon, the forecasted peak information in the pop-up boxes will be from yesterday’s Daily Flood Sheets.Pop-up boxes include the following information: Station Name: station name where the water level and/or flow data are collected Station ID: unique identifier for the station Flood Alert: indicates if the current water level is over the flood stage, over the river bank but below the flood stage, or below the river bank. Last Update: date that water level and/or flow data was collected Flow: measured or calculated flow in cubic feet per second Level: measured water level in feet Forecasted Flow: the forecasted peak flow in cubic feet per second Forecasted Level: the water level at the forecasted peak in feet Peak Date: date when the peak is forecasted to occur Flood Stage (dike level) (ft): the water level (ft) at which flow overtops community flood protection dike-structures Bankfull Capacity - flow (cfs): the approximate flow (in cubic feet per second) when the water level is at the top of the bank Bankfull Capacity - level (ft): the water level (in feet) when the water is at the top of the bank Reference Years: years when the peak water levels were similar to the forecasted peak water level this year“Flood Alert” definitions: Flood Warning: A flood warning is issued when water levels are above or expected to be above channel capacity within the next 24 hours, resulting in minor to major flooding. Water is beyond the channel capacity and expected to flood adjacent areas, agricultural fields and/or infrastructure in the area. High Water Advisory / Flood Watch: A high water advisory is issued when water levels are above seasonal levels. A High Water Advisory can be an early indicator for conditions that may develop into a Flood Watch. A flood watch is issued when water levels are nearing channel capacity, but not expected to reach channel capacity within the next 24 hours. Minor to no flooding is expected at these levels, but water may begin to overflow into nearby low-lying marshland, parkland or floodplain areas with little to no impact. A Flood Watch can be an early indicator for conditions that may develop into a Flood Warning. Above Community Flood Protection Level: Water levels are above or projected to be above the community dike levels within 24 hours, causing major flooding.

This table contains 92 series, with data starting from 2009 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada) Sector (92 items: Total, industries and households; Total, industries; Crop production; Animal production; ...).

The Hydrometric Stations feature class is an inventory of surface water gauges within the jurisdiction of the NPCA and monitor various aspects of water quantity. The stations are predominantly stream gauges and measure either river levels (stage) which can be converted to flow estimates with observed discharge curve ratings, flow, or both. The dataset also contains gauges on Lake Ontario and the Niagara for measurements on these waterbodies. The data comes from two sources, the Conservation Authority and Water Survey Canada, who have a partnership established to manage the integrated network for the Niagara Watershed. The gauge data is largely used in hydrology and hydraulic modelling exercises and flood forecasting and warning decision support.

Canadian tides and water level station information, benchmarks, observed water level data, and tidal predictions. The Canadian tide and water level data archive presently holds water level observations reported from over a thousand stations, with the earliest dating back to 1848. The number of observations spans on average 6 years per station, with 60 stations measuring water levels for over 50 years. Over 800 stations are subjected to appreciable effect of tides, and for most of these stations, the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) calculates and publishes predictions of the water levels associated with the vertical movement of the tide. Observations from the CHS Permanent Water Level Network are added on a daily to monthly basis. Data are also exchanged annually with the Water Survey of Canada. Each point in the map represents a station with links to observations, tidal predictions, and benchmark information, where available.

The map shows 3172 hydrometric stations, 1491 active and 1681 inactive, located on rivers and lakes across the country. All the stations on the map are situated in a drainage area of 200 square kilometres or more. For 1200 stations shown on the map, surface water level measurements are recorded in real time, every three hours daily, when in operation, although the number of stations recording data varies throughout the year. Hydrometric stations record information on the water level, flow velocity and discharge. Water level is the elevation at the water’s surface; flow velocity is the rate of water flow; and discharge is the amount of water flowing past a point in a unit of time. For both active and inactive stations recorded water data are available. The hydrometric network is run and operated through a federal-provincial cost-sharing program.

A station is a site on a river or lake where water quantity (water level and flow) are collected and recorded.

The Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network (PGMN) datasets report on ambient (baseline) groundwater level and chemistry conditions.

Groundwater monitoring map

To determine inundation patterns and calculate site-specific tidal datums, we deployed water level data loggers (Model 3001, Solinst Canada Ltd., Georgetown, Ontario, Canada and Model U-20-001-01-Ti, Onset Computer Corp., Bourne, MA, USA) at all sites over the study period. Each site had one or two loggers (n = 16). We placed loggers at the mouth and upper reaches of second-order tidal channels to capture high tides and determine seasonal inundation patterns. Water loggers collected water level readings every six minutes starting on the date of deployment and continuing to the present. We used data from the lowest elevation logger at each site to develop local hydrographs and inundation rates. We surveyed loggers with RTK GPS at the time of deployment and at each data download that occurred quarterly, to correct for any vertical movement. We corrected all raw water level data with local time series of barometric pressure. For Solinst loggers, we deployed independent barometric loggers (Model 3001, Solinst Canada Ltd., Georgetown, Ontario, Canada); for Hobo water level loggers, we used barometric pressure from local airports (distance less than 10 miles). To determine tidal channel salinities, we deployed one conductivity logger at each site next to the lower elevation water level logger (Odyssey conductivity/temperature logger, Dataflow Systems Pty Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand). We converted specific conductance values obtained with the Odyssey loggers to practical salinity units using the equation from UNESCO (1983). We used water level data to estimate local tidal datums for all sites using procedures outlined in the NOAA Tidal Datums Handbook (NOAA 2003). We only calculated local MHW and MHHW because the loggers were positioned in the intertidal, which is relatively high in the tidal frame, and therefore did not capture MLW or MLLW and could not be used to compute these lower datums. We estimated mean tide level (MTL) for each site by using NOAA’s VDATUM 3.4 software (vdatum.noaa.gov), except at Bandon where we used MTL directly from historic NOAA data. Many results in this report are reported relative to local MHHW calculated from local water data. Water level loggers deployed within marsh channels recorded variation in water levels and salinity throughout the study duration. Loggers often did not capture lower portions of the tidal curve because of their location in tidal marsh channels which frequently drain at lower tides. From peak water levels, we calculated site-specific tidal datums (MHW and MHHW), and information on the highest observed water level (HOWL) during the time series. Our site specific tidal datum calculations generally closely matched tidal datums computed at nearby NOAA stations (tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov). Differences likely reflect site-specific tidal and bathymetric conditions in local estuarine hydrology. We collected salinity data at all sites, however, due to equipment recalls and failure we do not have salinity data for the duration of the study. We report weekly maximum salinities since many of our salinity loggers were not submerged during the entire tidal cycle at all sites, except for Grays Harbor due to recalled loggers and loggers being washed away during storm events. We observed a high level of variation in salinity between and within sites. Siletz experienced the greatest variation in salinity during the study period, ranging from 0.8 to 32 ppt. Willapa was the freshest system, ranging from 12-15 ppt and had very little temporal variation. The largest variation in salinity at most sites occurred from September through December. All sites had salinity below 35 ppt throughout most of the year; however the highest salinities were measured in August. See appendices for detailed site specific results.

Explore real-time and historical water level and flow (discharge) data collected at over 7700 hydrometric stations across Canada.

This data set consists of digital water-level elevation contours for the Quaternary alluvial and terrace deposits along the Beaver-North Canadian River from the panhandle to Canton Lake in northwestern Oklahoma in 1977 and 1978. Ground water in 830 square miles of the Quaternary-age alluvial and terrace aquifer is an important source of water for irrigation, industrial, municipal, stock, and domestic supplies. The aquifer consists of poorly sorted, fine to coarse, unconsolidated quartz sand with minor amounts of clay, silt, and basal gravel. The hydraulically connected alluvial and terrace deposits unconformably overlie the Tertiary-age Ogallala Formation and Permian-age formations. The water-level elevations measured in 1977 and 1978 ranged from 2,260 feet above sea level in the northwest to 1,620 feet above sea level in the southwest. The water-level elevation contours were digitized from a folded paper map in a ground-water modeling report about the aquifer. The source map was published at a scale of 1:250,000.

This database contains a compilation of monthly mean river discharge data for over 3500 sites worldwide. Each station is located on a river and measures the rate that water flows through it at various times of the year. The data sources are RivDis2.0, the United States Geological Survey, Brazilian National Department of Water and Electrical Energy, and HYDAT-Environment Canada. The period of record for each station is variable, from 3 years to greater than 100. All data are in m3/s.

To access the data, click on the map at [http://www.sage.wisc.edu/riverdata/] to zoom in to the desired stations and data. Alternatively, the data can be accessed by using a key word search or by entering the river ID number if that is known. The data are provided in a tab-delimited format compatible with most spreadsheet programs.

This data set consists of digital water-level elevation contours for the alluvial and terrace deposits along the North Canadian River from Canton Lake to Lake Overholser in central Oklahoma. Ground water in approximately 400 square miles of Quaternary-age alluvial and terrace aquifer is an important source of water for irrigation, industrial, municipal, stock, and domestic supplies. The aquifer consists of clay, silt, sand, and gravel. Sand-sized sediments dominate the poorly sorted, fine to coarse, unconsolidated quartz grains in the aquifer. The hydraulically connected alluvial and terrace deposits unconformably overlie Permian-age formations. The aquifer is overlain by a layer of wind-blown sand in parts of the area. Water-level elevation contours, based on water-levels measured in 1980, were digitized from a folded paper map in a ground-water flow modeling report for the aquifer. The source map was published at a scale of 1:250,000. Water-level elevations in the alluvial and terrace deposits ranged from 1,600 feet above sea level in the northwest to 1,220 feet above sea level in the southeast.

Hydrometric Data from Environment and Climate Change Canada for Research and Development This dataset comprises hydrometric data sourced from Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), provided under the ECCC Data Servers End-use Licence (Version 2.1 - September 2022). The data includes stage (water level) and discharge (flow rate) measurements for over 1400 sites across Canada. The dataset is structured into two compressed archives: 1. 15-minute interval data 2. 1-hour interval data

On average, each site contains up to 10 years of data, though preprocessing may be required to ensure completeness. The dataset also includes a separate metadata file, which provides key information for each site, including: 1.Site ID 2.Station Name 3.Province/Territory 4.Latitude & Longitude

This data is provided for research and development purposes only and is not an authoritative source of hydrometric data. Users must acknowledge the data source by including the following attribution in any derived works: "Data Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada." Additionally, where applicable, any third-party data contributions should be credited accordingly. For more details on data usage terms, please refer to the ECCC Data Servers End-use Licence at [insert link if available].

Disclaimer: The dataset is made available as is, without warranty, and ECCC is not liable for any errors, omissions, or damages resulting from its use. The dataset does not imply endorsement by ECCC or the Government of Canada.