International merchandise trade data grouped by Principal Trading Partners (PTP). Users have the option of selecting Imports, Exports, or Trade Balance. Data are unadjusted and seasonally adjusted, and are on a Customs and Balance of Payments basis.

There have been many studies that examine the Canada-U.S. trade relationship; this is deservedly so as the U.S. is Canada’s dominant trading partner. In 2018, the minister of international trade diversification announced a target to increase overseas exports by 50% by 2025.Footnote1 China is the world’s second largest economy and is the second most important bilateral commercial partner for Canada. Thus, China might be a key market if Canada is to achieve its export diversification target. The goal of this paper is to explore Canada’s commercial relationship with China. This will be done by examining trading and investment relationship between the two countries over the last two decades. Additionally, COVID-19 showed the world that in extreme cases, production within a country can be brought to a halt. Therefore, the second part of this paper will examine how a disruption to trade with China might affect Canadian supply chains and production.

In 2024, Mexico was the top trading partner of the United States based on import value. In that year, U.S. imports from Mexico totaled to 505.85 billion U.S. dollars. China and Canada rounded out the top three as these countries continue to enjoy a close trading relationship under the United States-Mexico-Canada trade agreement. Germany and Japan were also high on the list, both providing the U.S. with over 140 billion dollars worth of imports in 2024.

Canada's total Exports in 2024 were valued at US$569.17 Billion, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Canada's main export partners were: the United States, China and the United Kingdom. The top three export commodities were: Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products; Vehicles other than railway, tramway and Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers. Total Imports were valued at US$558.45 Billion. In 2024, Canada had a trade surplus of US$10.72 Billion.

This statistic depicts the leading 15 trade partners with the United States in 2023 by country. In that year, Canada was the second biggest trading partner with the United States, with a total trade value that amounted to about *** billion U.S. dollars.

There have been many studies that examine the Canada-U.S. trade relationship; this is deservedly so as the U.S. is Canada’s dominant trading partner. In 2018, the minister of international trade diversification announced a target to increase overseas exports by 50% by 2025.Footnote1 China is the world’s second largest economy and is the second most important bilateral commercial partner for Canada. Thus, China might be a key market if Canada is to achieve its export diversification target. The goal of this paper is to explore Canada’s commercial relationship with China. This will be done by examining trading and investment relationship between the two countries over the last two decades. Additionally, COVID-19 showed the world that in extreme cases, production within a country can be brought to a halt. Therefore, the second part of this paper will examine how a disruption to trade with China might affect Canadian supply chains and production.

In the first half of the 20th century, the United States imported the largest value of goods from the United Kingdom until 1916, after which point Canada became its largest trading partner. There were observable declines in the total value of imports around the years 1921, 1929, and 1937, due to various economic crises, but there was a significant increase in imports from Canada in the 1940s due to the economic demands during the Second World War and postwar recovery period. There were little to no imports from France in the early 1940s while it was under German occupation.

On September 21, 2017, the Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), Canada’s most ambitious trade agreement since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), provisionally entered into force. The 27 European Union members and the United Kingdom (referred as the EU hereafter), as a group, represent Canada’s second largest merchandise trading partner after the United States. In 2019, the EU accounted for over 8 percent of Canada’s merchandise exports and nearly 13 percent of Canada’s merchandise imports. This report aims to present Canada’s merchandise trade performance in the two years since the implementation of CETA. It provides historical comparisons of trade performances before and after CETA and comparisons between the products that directly benefit from CETA concessions (affected products) and products that were already duty-free, and for a limited number of agricultural products that were exempted from concessions (non-affected products). However, this presentation of post-CETA trade performance should not be considered a causal effect of CETA. Given the short time series of trade data available since CETA was implemented, the analysis does not use advanced econometric techniques to establish causality and to control for macroeconomic fluctuations and other industry- and product-specific factors that also influence post-CETA bilateral trade flows. A more sophisticated analysis would be undertaken to isolate CETA’s effect when a longer time series becomes available. The analysis is presented in three parts: 1) Canada-EU trade performance based on Statistics Canada’s trade data; 2) Canada-EU trade performance based on respective import statistics from Statistics Canada and Eurostat, which allows for splitting trade according to tariff concessions under CETA; and 3) the utilization of CETA preferences.

The United States' total Imports in 2024 were valued at US$3.36 Trillion, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. The United States' main import partners were: Mexico, China and Canada. The top three import commodities were: Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers; Electrical, electronic equipment and Vehicles other than railway, tramway. Total Exports were valued at US$2.06 Trillion. In 2024, The United States had a trade deficit of US$1.29 Trillion.

The United States, by far, is Mexico's most important trading partner. The U.S. is the recipient of over three quarters of all Mexican exports, while the second-largest recipient, Canada, receives only five percent of Mexican exports.

The United States recorded a trade deficit of 71.52 USD Billion in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Balance of Trade - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Based on foreign trade balance, the United States was by far Mexico's main trading partner in 2023. That year, Mexico's exports of goods to the U.S. exceeded its imports by about *** billion U.S. dollars. Canada came in second, registering a trade value of around **** billion dollars.

Canada's total Imports in 2024 were valued at US$558.45 Billion, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Canada's main import partners were: the United States, China and Mexico. The top three import commodities were: Vehicles other than railway, tramway; Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers and Electrical, electronic equipment. Total Exports were valued at US$569.17 Billion. In 2024, Canada had a trade surplus of US$10.72 Billion.

The value of exports of China amounted to almost 3.4 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023, meaning that it was, by far, the country with the highest exports worldwide that year. China's export market The value of goods exported from China increased rapidly from 2020 to 2021. By 2021, China accounted for about 15 percent of global merchandise exports and about six percent of global service exports. The leading export products of China were machinery and transport equipment, with an export value of about 1.7 trillion U.S. dollars in 2022. U.S. export market The United States recorded an export value of over two trillion U.S. dollars in 2023, making it the world's second-largest exporter. The main trading partners of the U.S. are Canada, Mexico, and China. In 2022, among the products exported by the U.S., petroleum and coal saw the largest growth in export value at 60 percent. Texas and California were the top two U.S. states ranked by value of exports in 2023. Texas ranked first with exports valued at 444.5 billion U.S. dollars. As far as global imports are concerned, the United States was the leading country as of 2022, with an import value of about 3.4 trillion U.S. dollars.

The United States' total Exports in 2024 were valued at US$2.06 Trillion, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. The United States' main export partners were: Canada, Mexico and China. The top three export commodities were: Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products; Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers and Electrical, electronic equipment. Total Imports were valued at US$3.36 Trillion. In 2024, The United States had a trade deficit of US$1.29 Trillion.

The Canadian customs clearance market, valued at approximately $2.5 billion in 2025, is experiencing robust growth, projected to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 7% from 2025 to 2033. This significant expansion is fueled by several key factors. The increasing volume of cross-border trade between Canada and its major trading partners, particularly the United States, is a primary driver. E-commerce's continued surge is also a significant contributor, leading to a higher demand for efficient and reliable customs clearance services. Furthermore, the Canadian government's ongoing efforts to streamline customs processes and enhance technological infrastructure are fostering a more conducive environment for market growth. The market's segmentation by mode of transport – sea, air, and cross-border land transport – reflects the diverse nature of import and export activities within Canada. Major players like DHL, FedEx, UPS, and Kuehne + Nagel dominate the market, leveraging their established global networks and technological capabilities. However, the market also presents opportunities for smaller, specialized firms catering to niche sectors or specific regional needs. The projected growth trajectory of the Canadian customs clearance market is anticipated to continue its upward trend throughout the forecast period. While potential restraints such as fluctuating exchange rates and evolving trade policies could impact market dynamics, the underlying growth drivers – increasing trade volumes, e-commerce expansion, and government initiatives – are expected to outweigh these challenges. The robust growth signifies significant opportunities for market participants, particularly those capable of offering innovative solutions, advanced technologies, and specialized expertise to navigate the complexities of Canadian customs regulations. Further market consolidation through mergers and acquisitions is also a likely scenario, leading to an increasingly competitive landscape dominated by a smaller number of large players and specialized niche firms. Recent developments include: March 2023: Air Menzies International (AMI), a Canadian airfreight reseller, has built a new branch near Toronto Pearson International Airport. The new branch is AMI's second in Canada, and it will provide a wide range of wholesale airfreight services, including door-to-door services on global import and export shipments; exports with consolidation and 'Back2Back'; 'Quick2Ship,' AMI's express shipment platform; X-ray screening and warehousing services; and customs clearance and documentation support., March 2022: The Department of Finance Canada announced that they issued the Most-Favoured-Nation Tariff Withdrawal Order (2022-1) to remove Russia and Belarus from entitlement to the Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) tariff, under the Customs Tariff of Canada. This was in response to the Russian Invasion of Ukraine, supported by Belarus, and in addition to the new sanctions Canada has imposed under the Special Economic Measures Act. Effective March 2, 2022, the General Tariff will be used to account for goods imported into Canada that originate from Russia and Belarus, with the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). Under the General Tariff, a customs duty rate of 35% is applicable on almost all goods. Russia, Belarus, and North Korea are the only countries whose imports are currently subject to the General Tariff.. Notable trends are: Increasing International Trade Driving the Market.

In 2023, Canada was the top trading partner with the United States based on export value. The U.S. exported goods worth about 354.36 billion U.S. dollars to Canada in that year. Mexico, China, the Netherlands, and Germany rounded out the top five export partners in that year.

In 2023, Canada was by far the United States' largest trading partner for biofuels. That year, the United States exported approximately **** billion U.S. dollars worth of biodiesel to Canada. By comparison, biofuels exports to the United Kingdom, America's second leading biofuel trading partner, amounted to around ***** million U.S. dollars.

In 2024, 20 percent of steel and steel product imports to the United States came from Canada, which made Canada the largest trade partner of the U.S. Brazil ranked as the second-largest trading partner: the country only accounted for 13 percent of all steel and steel product imports.

In 2024, 50 percent of alumina and aluminum imports to the United States came from Canada, which made Canada the largest trade partner of the U.S. The United Arab Emirates ranked as the second-largest trading partner, but the country only accounted for six percent of all alumina and aluminum imports.