These data provide geologic information, including generalized lithology, geologic age, and paleo-latitude and -longitude of geologic units, for the United States, Canada, and Australia, in an H3 Discrete Global Grid System (DGGS) hexagonal format (Uber Technologies Inc., 2020) with an average hexagon area of 5.16 square kilometers. The data are presented as the shapefile version of ASCII data developed by Lawley and others (2021) for prospectivity modeling of basin-hosted Pb-Zn mineralization in the United States, Canada, and Australia (Lawley and others, 2022). References Lawley, C.J.M., McCafferty, A.E., Graham, G.E., Gadd, M.G., Huston, D.L., Kelley, K.D., Paradis, S., Peter, J.M., and Czarnota, K., 2021, Datasets to support prospectivity modelling for sediment-hosted Zn-Pb mineral systems: Natural Resources Canada Open File 8836, https://doi.org/10.4095/329203. Lawley, C.J.M., McCafferty, A.E., Graham, G.E., Huston, D.L., Kelley, K.D., Czarnota, K., Paradis, S., Peter, J.M., ...

This entry provides access to surficial geology maps that have been published by the Geological survey of Canada. Two series of maps are available: "A Series" maps, published from 1909 to 2010 and "Canadian Geoscience Maps", published since 2010. Three types of CGM-series maps are available: 1)Surficial Geology: based on expert-knowledge full air photo interpretation (may include interpretive satellite imagery, Digital Elevation Models (DEM)), incorporating field data and ground truthing resulting from extensive, systematic fieldwork across the entire map area. Air photo interpretation includes map unit/deposit genesis, texture, thickness, structure, morphology, depositional or erosional environment, ice flow or meltwater direction, age/cross-cutting relationships, landscape evolution and associated geological features, complemented by additional overlay modifiers, points and linear features, selected from over 275 different geological elements in the Surficial Data Model. Wherever possible, legacy data is also added to the map. 2)Reconnaissance Surficial Geology: based on expert-knowledge full air photo interpretation (may include interpretive satellite imagery, DEMs), with limited or no fieldwork. Air photo interpretation includes map unit/deposit genesis, texture, thickness, structure, morphology, depositional or erosional environment, ice flow or meltwater direction, age/cross-cutting relationships, landscape evolution and associated geological features, complemented by additional overlay modifiers, points and linear features, selected from over 275 different geological elements in the Surficial Data Model. Wherever possible, legacy data is also added to the map. 3)Predictive Surficial Geology: derived from one or more methods of remote predictive mapping (RPM) using different satellite imagery, spectral characteristics of vegetation and surface moisture, machine processing, algorithms etc., DEMs, where raster data are converted to vector, with some expert-knowledge air photo interpretation (training areas or post-verification areas), varying degrees of non-systematic fieldwork, and the addition of any legacy data available. Each map is based on a version of the Geological Survey of Canada's Surficial Data Model (https://doi.org/10.4095/315021), thus providing an easily accessible national surficial geological framework and context in a standardized format to all users. "A series" maps were introduced in 1909 and replaced by CGM maps in 2010. The symbols and vocabulary used on those maps was not as standardized as they are in the CGM maps. Some "A series" maps were converted into, or redone, as CGM maps, Both versions are available whenever that is the case. In addition to CGM and "A series" maps, some surficial geology maps are published in the Open File series. Those maps are not displayed in this entry, but can be found and accessed using the NRCan publications website, GEOSCAN:(https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca).

This data release contains the boundaries of assessment units for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Horn River Basin, Cordova Embayment and Liard Basin in Alberta Basin Province, Canada. The Assessment Unit is the fundamental unit used in the National Assessment Project for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources. The Assessment Unit is defined within the context of the higher-level Total Petroleum System. The Assessment Unit is shown herein as a geographic boundary interpreted, defined, and mapped by the geologist responsible for the province and incorporates a set of known or postulated oil and (or) gas accumulations sharing similar geologic, geographic, and temporal properties within the Total Petroleum System, such as source rock, timing, migration pathways, trapping mechanism, and hydrocarbon type. The Assessment Unit boundary is defined geologically as the limits of the geologic elements that define the Assessment Unit, such as limits of reservoir rock, geologic structures, source rock, and seal lithologies. Methodology of assessments are documented in USGS Data Series 547 for continuous assessments (https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/547) and USGS DDS69-D, Chapter 21 for conventional assessments (https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-d/REPORTS/69_D_CH_21.pdf). See supplemental information for a detailed list of files included this data release.

The Yukon Digital Geology CD-ROMs present a variety of geoscience data sets in digital format on the geology of the Yukon Territory. They include syntheses of bedrock geology and glacial limits, compilations of geochronology, paleontology, mineral occurrences, oil and gas wells, and a compendium of aeromagnetic images. A subset of a public domain topographic data set (Digital Chart of the World, by ESRI, Inc.) is included for georeference purposes. For ease of use, data sets are divided geographically into 45 map tiles corresponding to the National Topographic System (NTS) 1:250,000 quadrangles. Data sets spanning the entire Yukon Territory are also included for use on sufficiently powerful computers and GIS software. Each theme for all of the 45 map tiles is presented in two projections. An Albers Equal Area projection, on disc 1, is provided to allow seamless integration of adjoining tiles throughout the Yukon. The complete data set is also provided on disc 2 in the UTM coordinate system, which is commonly used for accurately plotting data at the local scale (see Projections). Vector data files are also presented in several different file formats (ArcInfo coverages; Interchange (.e00), dBase (.dbf), shapefiles (.shp), and image data files are presented in band interleaved by line (.bil), and tagged image file format (*.tif) to allow easy importing of data into commercial GIS software. These CD-ROMs also include a limited edition of SurView, a viewing application for Microsoft Windows, developed at the Geological Survey of Canada and originally released as GSC Open File 2661. SurView runs directly off the CD-ROM. It can display, print, and query the *.shp and *.bil files. This provides an opportunity for those without specialized GIS software to delve into the realm of digital geoscience data and explore the Yukon Digital Geology databases on their own PC.

A joint venture involving the National Atlas programs in Canada (Natural Resources Canada), Mexico (Instituto Nacional de Estad stica Geograf a e Inform tica), and the United States (U.S. Geological Survey), as well as the North American Commission for Environmental Co-operation, has led to the release (June 2004) of several new products: an updated paper map of North America, and its associated geospatial data sets and their metadata. These data sets are available online from each of the partner countries both for visualization and download. The North American Atlas data are standardized geospatial data sets at 1:10,000,000 scale. A variety of basic data layers (e.g. roads, railroads, populated places, political boundaries, hydrography, bathymetry, sea ice and glaciers) have been integrated so that their relative positions are correct. This collection of data sets forms a base with which other North American thematic data may be integrated. Any data outside of Canada, Mexico, and the United States of America included in the North American Atlas data sets is strictly to complete the context of the data. The North American Atlas - Bathymetry data set shows the depth in metres for ocean areas covered by the extent of the North American Atlas project. Isobaths (lines of equal depth) are provided for sea level (coastline, with depth = 1), 200, 500, and 2500 metres. Polygons bounded by these isobaths represent depth ranges of 0-200, 200-500, 500-2500, and greater than 2500 metres.

This compilation contains a list of approximately 8,600 sites across the United States, Canada, and Australia where Zn-Pb-mineralized rock is attributed to basinal brine-related mineralizing processes, specifically assigned to Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) or clastic-dominated (CD) deposit types; a second group of 147 sites, classified as “unknown”, but which may have similar genesis, is also included. These sites were selected based on interpretations of 16 published databases, including the Mineral Resources Data System (USGS, 2016) and the Alaska Resource Data File (USGS, 1996) for the United States, and comprise a significant but not necessarily complete dataset. Each site is further classified by deposit type and development status. For the limited deposits where grade and tonnage information are available, tonnage and published Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag, and Au grades are provided. References for source data are also included. References U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, Alaska Resource Da ...

This dataset contains a compilation of publicly available geochronology data across the Superior Craton in eastern Canada and the north-central United States (view report). The sources of these data include the Manitoba Geological Survey (MGS), the Ontario Geological Survey (OGS), the Ministère des Ressources naturelles (MERN), the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), doctoral dissertations (Bjorkman 2017), and personal compilations (Ayer unpublished).

References

Ayer, J.A. 2018. Geochronology Compilation; Unpublished dataset. Bjorkman, K.E. 2017. 4D crust-mantle evolution of the Western Superior Craton: implications for Archaean granite-greenstone petrogenesis and geodynamics; Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Western Australia. https://doi.org/10.4225/23/5a39c88a2f559 David, J 2012. Datations isotopiques effectuées dans le nord-est de la Province du Supérieur – Travaux de 2001, 2002 et 2003; Ministère des Ressources naturelles, DV 2012-05, 84p. Geological Survey of Canada 2013. Canadian Geochronology Knowledgebase; Geological Survey of Canada, Earth Science Sector, Natural Resources Canada. https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/geography/atlas-canada/canadian-geochronology-knowledgebase/18211 Manitoba Geological Survey 2017. Manitoba Geochronology Version 1.7; Manitoba Geological Survey (online database). https://www.gov.mb.ca/iem/geo/gis/databases.html Manitoba Geological Survey 2018. Manitoba Geochronology Version 1.8; Manitoba Geological Survey (online database). https://www.gov.mb.ca/iem/geo/gis/databases.html Ministère des Ressources naturelles 2017. SIGÉOM; Ministère des Ressources naturelles (online database). http://sigeom.mines.gouv.qc.ca/ Ministère des Ressources naturelles 2020. SIGÉOM; Ministère des Ressources naturelles (online database). http://sigeom.mines.gouv.qc.ca/ Ontario Geological Survey 2019. Geochronology Inventory of Ontario—2019; Ontario Geological Survey, Geochronology Inventory of Ontario—2019 (online database). https://www.mndm.gov.on.ca/en/mines-and-minerals/applications/ogsearth/geochronology-inventory-ontario-compilation Zartman, R.E., Bush, C.A., Abston, C. 2003. National Geochronological Database; U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-236. https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0236/

This data is a product of the USGS 2017 report Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow and analysis of projected water use for the Canadian River alluvial aquifer, western and central Oklahoma (Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5180), prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board.This report describes a study of the hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow for the Canadian River alluvial aquifer in western and central Oklahoma conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board. The report (1) quantifies the groundwater resources of the Canadian River alluvial aquifer by developing a conceptual model, (2) summarizes the general water quality of the Canadian River alluvial aquifer groundwater by using data collected during August and September 2013, (3) evaluates the effects of estimated equal proportionate share (EPS) on aquifer storage and streamflow for time periods of 20, 40, and 50 years into the future by using numerical groundwater-flow models, and (4) evaluates the effects of present-day groundwater pumping over a 50-year period and sustained hypothetical drought conditions over a 10-year period on stream base flow and groundwater in storage by using numerical flow models. The Canadian River alluvial aquifer is a Quaternary-age alluvial and terrace unit consisting of beds of clay, silt, sand, and fine gravel sediments unconformably overlying Tertiary-, Permian-, and Pennsylvanian-age sedimentary rocks. For groundwater-flow modeling purposes, the Canadian River was divided into Reach I, extending from the Texas border to the Canadian River at the Bridgeport, Okla., streamgage (07228500), and Reach II, extending downstream from the Canadian River at the Bridgeport, Okla., streamgage (07228500), to the confluence of the river with Eufaula Lake. The Canadian River alluvial aquifer spans multiple climate divisions, ranging from semiarid in the west to humid subtropical in the east. The average annual precipitation in the study area from 1896 to 2014 was 34.4 inches per year (in/yr).

On the continental scale, climate is an important determinant of the distributions of plant taxa and ecoregions. To quantify and depict the relations between specific climate variables and these distributions, we placed modern climate and plant taxa distribution data on an approximately 25-kilometer (km) equal-area grid with 27,984 points that cover Canada and the continental United States (Thompson and others, 2015). The gridded climatic data include annual and monthly temperature and precipitation, as well as bioclimatic variables (growing degree days, mean temperatures of the coldest and warmest months, and a moisture index) based on 1961-1990 30-year mean values from the University of East Anglia (UK) Climatic Research Unit (CRU) CL 2.0 dataset (New and others, 2002), and absolute minimum and maximum temperatures for 1951-1980 interpolated from climate-station data (WeatherDisc Associates, 1989). As described below, these data were used to produce portions of the "Atlas of rel ...

Top of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance data in bands from the USGS Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellites were accessed via Google Earth Engine. CANUE staff used Google Earth Engine functions to create cloud free annual composites, and mask water features, then export the resulting band data. NDVI indices were calculated as (band 4 - Band 3)/(Band 4 Band 3) for Landsat 5 data, and as (band 5 - band 4)/(band 5 Band 4) for Landsat 8 data. These composites are created from all the scenes in each annual period beginning from the first day of the year and continuing to the last day of the year. No data were available for 2012, due to decommissioning of Landsat 5 in 2011 prior to the start of Landsat 8 in 2013. No cross-calibration between the sensors was performed, please be aware there may be small bias differences between NDVI values calculated using Landsat 5 and Landsat 8. Final NDVI metrics were linked to all 6-digit DMTI Spatial single link postal code locations in Canada, and for surrounding areas within 100m, 250m, 500m, and 1km.

This dataset consists of short-term (less than 39 years) shoreline change rates for the mainland coast of Alaska sheltered by barrier islands from the U.S. Canadian Border to the Hulahula River. Rate calculations were computed within a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 5.1, an ArcGIS extension developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Short-term rates of shoreline change were calculated using a linear regression rate-of-change method based on available shoreline data between 1978 and 2017. A reference baseline was used as the originating point for the orthogonal transects cast by the DSAS software. The transects intersect each shoreline establishing measurement points, which are then used to calculate short-term rates.

This metadata record documents a geospatial dataset for the U.S. Geological Survey Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) used to drive the National Hydrologic Model (NHM). The Alaska Geospatial Fabric v1 is the spatial representation of the hydrologic response units (HRUs) used for the PRMS NHM Alaska _domain. These HRUs were generated using the twelve-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC12) watershed from the U.S. Geological Survey's Watershed Boundary Dataset (USGS, 2019), the Natural Resources Canada National Hydrographic Network (NHN) Work Units (NHN, 2019), similar to USGS eight-digit HUC watersheds, and stream gage locations from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS, 2019) and Natural Resources Canada (NHN, 2019). Watershed-to-watershed routing was added to all Canadian Work Units and updated in twelve-digit HUCs from topographic map examination to ensure connectivity from the headwaters of the _domain to the ocean. Watersheds containing one or more stream gages were bisected using standard watershed delineation techniques to ensure accurate contributing area for each gage. Gages near watershed boundaries were not used to bisect the watershed. Following these processing steps, these watersheds became the HRUs used for the initial version of the National Hydrologic Model Alaska Domain. Overlapping watershed vector lines were not unified. The stream gages used for this exercise became the points of interest (POIs) for use in the Alaska Domain. Stream segments used to route water from HRUs to stream outlets were generated using the routing information in the HRUs and the centroids of the HRUs. Please refer to the lineage elements of this metadata record for the above citations.

The data presented in the radioactivity map of Canada series (Buckle et al., 2014) depict the surface concentrations of three naturally-occurring radioactive elements: potassium (K, %), equivalent uranium (eU, ppm), and equivalent thorium (eTh, ppm); as well as five derived products: natural air absorbed dose rate (NADR, nGy/h) calculated from a linear combination of potassium, equivalent uranium, and equivalent thorium concetrations; the ratios eU/eTh, eU/K, and eTh/K; and the ternary map which uses false colour to illustrate the co-variation of the three measured elements (Broome et al., 1987). This compilation was produced with data from more than 370 airborne gamma-ray surveys flown or supervised by the Geological Survey of Canada between 1969 and 2011. Data was calibrated and acquired in accordance to standards in effect at the time each survey (see Darnley et al., 1975 and IAEA, 1991). Most of the data was acquired using 50 L of Sodium Iodide (NaI) detectors flown at a nominal terrain clearance of 120 m, but line spacings vary from 5000 m to 200 m depending on the specific survey. Potassium is measured directly from the 1460 keV gamma-ray photons emitted by Potassium-40. Uranium and thorium, however, are determined indirectly from gamma-ray photons emitted by daughter products Bismuth-214 (1765 keV) and Thallium-208 (2614 keV) respectively assuming equilibrium between daughter and parent isotopes. For this reason, gamma-ray spectrometric measurements of uranium and thorium are referred to as equivalent uranium (eU) and equivalent thorium (eTh). The measured gamma-rays originate from geological materials in the upper 30 cm of the Earth's surface and their intensity are directly related to the concentrations of K, U and Th in the rocks and minerals present. The geochemical information presented in this compilation is used to support bedrock and surficial geology mapping by outlining lithological variations. It can also indicate mineralization either by association of radio-elements as trace elements with economic minerals or through delineation of their enrichment or depletion due to geochemical alteration resulting from mineralization processes. Overall, this information also contributes to the characterization of the natural radiation environment. Futher information on data acquisition, processing and interpretation and on application can be found in IAEA-TECDOC-1363 (2003), and references therein. These data were also published as Geological Survey of Canada maps, in the Open Files series (7396-7403). References Broome, J., J.M. Carson, J.A. Grant, and K.L. Ford, 1987. A modified ternary radioelement mapping technique and its application to the south coast of Newfoundland, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 87-14. https://doi.org/10.4095/122382 Buckle, J.L., J.M. Carson, K.L. Ford, R. Fortin and W.F. Miles, 2014, Radioactivity map of Canada, ternary radioelement map, Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 7397. https://doi.org/10.4095/293354 Darnley, A.G., E. M. Cameron and K. A. Richardson, 1975. The Federal-Provincial Uranium Reconnaissance Program, in Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 75-26, p. 49-71. https://doi.org/10.4095/102591 International Atomic Energy Agency, 1991. Airborne Gamma Ray Spectrometer Surveying, International Atomic Energy Agency, Technical Reports Series No. 323. https://www.iaea.org/publications/1427/airborne-gamma-ray-spectrometer-surveying International Atomic Energy Agency, 2003. Guidelines for radioelement mapping using gamma ray spectrometry data; International Atomic Energy Agency, Technical Reports Series No. 1363. https://www.iaea.org/publications/6746/guidelines-for-radioelement-mapping-using-gamma-ray-spectrometry-data

This dataset consists of short-term (~32 years) shoreline change rates for the north coast of Alaska between the U.S. Canadian Border and the Hulahula River. Rate calculations were computed within a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.3, an ArcGIS extension developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Short-term rates of shoreline change were calculated using a linear regression rate-of-change method based on available shoreline data between 1978 and 2010. A reference baseline was used as the originating point for the orthogonal transects cast by the DSAS software. The transects intersect each shoreline establishing measurement points, which are then used to calculate short-term rates.

This data release contains historical SnowModel (Liston and Elder, 2006) output for the Crown of the Continent and surrounding areas in Montana, USA; and Alberta and British Columbia, Canada from September 1, 1981 through August 31, 2020. Fifteen daily variables were simulated or derived for this release: (1) snow water equivalent (swed), (2) liquid precipitation (rpre), (3) solid precipitation (spre), (4) albedo (albd), (5) glacial ice melt (glmt), (6) total precipitation (prec), (7) runoff (roff), (8) snow covered area (sca), (9) snow density (sden), (10) snowmelt (smlt), (11) snow depth (snod), (12) snow sublimation (ssub), (13) air temperature (tair), (14) wind speed (wspd), and (15) wind direction (wdir). The simulation used to produce these outputs was conducted on a 30 m geospatial grid and was forced using meteorology from a recently completed (2023) 4 kilometer reanalysis product using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model covering the conterminous United States (CONUS404, Rasmussen and others, 2023a; 2023b). Land cover information for the simulation was provided by the 2016 National Land Cover Database (Jin and others, 2019) and 30 m elevation information was provided by the National Elevation Dataset (Gesch and others, 2018).

SalishSeaCast NEMO Model Grid, Geo-location and Bathymetry, v21-08

Longitude, latitude, and bathymetry of the SalishSeaCast NEMO model grid. The bathymetry values are those calculated by NEMO from the input bathymetry file. NEMO modifies the input bathymetry to remove isolated holes, and too-small partial steps; See the ubcSSn2DMeshMaskV21-08 dataset for the complete details of the calculation grid. The model grid includes the Juan de Fuca Strait, the Strait of Georgia, Puget Sound, and Johnstone Strait on the coasts of Washington State and British Columbia.

v1: longitude, latitude and bathymetry variables v16-07: same variables, bathymetry uniformly deepened by 1 grid level, smoothed at Juan de Fuca & Johnstone Strait open boundaries, Fraser River lengthened, bathymetry deepened near mouth of Fraser River v17-02: same variables, Bathymetry composed from 3 datasets: * USGS Digital elevation model (DEM) of Cascadia, latitude 39N-53N, longitude 116W-133W, Open-File Report 99-369, https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr99369 * NOAA British Columbia, 3 arc-second MSL DEM, https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/dem/squareCellGrid/download/4956 * CHS Multibeam data and all point cloud data for the Salish Sea. Straightened and smoothed Juan de Fuca & Johnstone Strait open boundaries. Added proxy channel for Fraser River upstream of confluence with the Pitt River. Adjustments by Michael Dunphy to increase resolution of Fraser River channels downstream of confluence with the Pitt River. v21-08: same variables, Bathymetry composed from 3 datasets: * USGS Digital elevation model (DEM) of Cascadia, latitude 39N-53N, longitude 116W-133W, Open-File Report 99-369, https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr99369 * NOAA British Columbia, 3 arc-second MSL DEM, https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/dem/squareCellGrid/download/4956 * CHS Multibeam data and all point cloud data for the Salish Sea. Straightened and smoothed Juan de Fuca & Johnstone Strait open boundaries. Added proxy channel for Fraser River upstream of confluence with the Pitt River. Adjustments by Michael Dunphy to increase resolution of Fraser River channels downstream of confluence with the Pitt River. Moved coastline to 2m isobath and set depth there to 4m; in contrast to 4m depth at 0m isobath; volume is approximately conserved. Deepened Tacoma Narrows to chart depth. Added Fraser River North Arm spit, Iona sewage outfall spit, Robert's Bank port facility, and Tsawwassen ferry terminal. _NCProperties=version=2,netcdf=4.7.4,hdf5=1.10.6 acknowledgement=Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS), National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), United States Geological Service (USGS), Digital Research Alliance of Canada

This product has been produced by the University of British Columbia based in part on Canadian Hydrographic Service charts and/or data, pursuant to CHS Direct User Licence No. 2016-0504-1260-U.

The incorporation of data sourced from CHS in this product shall not be construed as constituting an endorsement of CHS of this product.

This product does not meet the requirements of Charts and Nautical Publications Regulations, 1995 under the Canadian Shipping Act, 2001. Official charts and publications, corrected and up-to-data, must be used to meet the requirements of those regulations. cdm_data_type=Grid Conventions=CF-1.6, COARDS, ACDD-1.3 history=[2021-08-06 09:57:36] Created netCDF4 zlib=True dataset. infoUrl=https://salishsea.eos.ubc.ca/ institution=UBC EOAS institution_fullname=Dept of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords project=SalishSeaCast NEMO Model references=https://github.com/SalishSeaCast/grid/blob/main/bathymetry_202108.nc source=https://github.com/SalishSeaCast/tools/blob/main/bathymetry/Process202108Bathymetry.ipynb sourceUrl=(local files) standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v91

The Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska is an area of strategic economic importance to the United States, is home to remote Native American communities, and encompasses unique habitats of global significance. Coastal erosion along the north coast of Alaska is chronic, widespread, may be accelerating, and is threatening defense and energy-related infrastructure, natural shoreline habitats, and Native communities. There is an increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present shoreline changes across the United States. To meet these national needs, the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is compiling existing reliable historical shoreline data along sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Alaska and Hawaii under the National Assessment of Shoreline Change project. There is no widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change. Existing shoreline data measurements and rate calculation methods vary from study to study and prevent combining results into state-wide or regional assessments. The impetus behind the National Assessment project was to develop a standardized method of measuring changes in shoreline position that is consistent from coast to coast. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the results in an internally consistent manner.

This dataset consists of short-term (less than 39 years) shoreline change rates for the exposed, open-ocean coast of Alaska from the U.S. Canadian Border to the Hulahula River. Rate calculations were computed within a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 5.1, an ArcGIS extension developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Short-term rates of shoreline change were calculated using a linear regression rate-of-change method based on available shoreline data between 1978 and 2017. A reference baseline was used as the originating point for the orthogonal transects cast by the DSAS software. The transects intersect each shoreline establishing measurement points, which are then used to calculate short-term rates.

Linear features (eskers, moraines) extracted from the new surficial geology map product (Geological Survey of Canada, Canadian Geoscience Map 195, 2014, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295462) that represents the conversion of the map "Surficial Materials of Canada" (Fulton, 1995) and its legend, using the Geological Survey of Canada's Surficial Data Model (SDM version 2.0) which can be found in Open File 7631 (Deblonde et al., 2014). All geoscience knowledge and information from map 1880A that conformed to the current SDM were maintained during the conversion process. However, only terrestrial units are depicted on this map. Map units below modern sea level or major lake levels are not shown but are maintained in the digital data of this publication. Where additional information was required in certain regions of the Arctic and Cordillera, legacy geology map data were used. These maps are listed in the digital "Map Information" document. All other source maps used in map 1880A are not relisted here. The purpose of converting legacy map data to a common science language and common legend is to enable and facilitate the efficient digital compilation, interpretation, management and dissemination of geologic map information in a structured and consistent manner. This provides an effective knowledge management tool designed around a geo-database which can expand following the type of information to appear on new surficial geology maps.

This dataset includes shorelines from 63 years ranging from 1947 to 2010 for the north coast of Alaska between the U.S. Canadian Border and the Hulahula River. Shorelines were compiled from topographic survey sheets (T-sheets; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)), aerial orthophotographs (U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), satellite imagery (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), State of Alaska), and lidar elevation data (USGS). Historical shoreline positions serve as easily understood features that can be used to describe the movement of beaches through time. These data are used to calculate rates of shoreline change for the U.S. Geological Survey's National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project. Rates of long-term and short-term shoreline change were generated in a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.3. DSAS uses a measurement baseline method to calculate rate-of-change statistic ...