Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate, and employment rate, by immigrant status and age group, last 5 years.

Number of immigrants in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate, and employment rate, by sex, age group and immigrant status, last 5 months.

Overview: Each quarter, the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) publishes Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) statistics on Open Government Data Portal, including quarterly and annual LMIA data related to, but not limited to, requested and approved TFW positions, employment location, employment occupations, sectors, TFWP stream and temporary foreign workers by country of origin. The TFWP does not collect data on the number of TFWs who are hired by an employer and have arrived in Canada. The decision to issue a work permit rests with Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) and not all positions on a positive LMIA result in a work permit. For these reasons, data provided in the LMIA statistics cannot be used to calculate the number of TFWs that have entered or will enter Canada. IRCC publishes annual statistics on the number of foreign workers who are issued a work permit: https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/360024f2-17e9-4558-bfc1-3616485d65b9. Please note that all annual tables have been updated to NOC 2021 (5 digit and training, education, experience and responsibilities (TEER) based). As such, Table 5, 8, 17, and 24 will no longer be updated but will remain as archived tables. Frequency of Publication: Quarterly LMIA statistics cover data for the four quarters of the previous calendar year and the quarter(s) of the current calendar year. Quarterly data is released within two to three months of the most recent quarter. The release dates for quarterly data are as follows: Q1 (January to March) will be published by early June of the current year; Q2 (April to June) will be published by early September of the current year; Q3 (July to September) will be published by early December of the current year; and Q4 (October to December) will be published by early March of the next year. Annual statistics cover eight consecutive years of LMIA data and are scheduled to be released in March of the next year. Published Data: As part of the quarterly release, the TFWP updates LMIA data for 28 tables broken down by: TFW positions: Tables 1 to 10, 12, 13, and 22 to 24; LMIA applications: Tables 14 to 18; Employers: Tables 11, and 19 to 21; Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP): Tables 25 to 28. In addition, the TFWP publishes 2 lists of employers who were issued a positive or negative LMIA: Employers who were issued a positive LMIA by Program Stream, NOC, and Business Location (https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/90fed587-1364-4f33-a9ee-208181dc0b97/resource/b369ae20-0c7e-4d10-93ca-07c86c91e6fe); and Employers who were issued a negative LMIA by Program Stream, NOC, and Business Location (https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/f82f66f2-a22b-4511-bccf-e1d74db39ae5/resource/94a0dbee-e9d9-4492-ab52-07f0f0fb255b) Things to Remember: 1. When data are presented on positive or negative LMIAs, the decision date is used to allocate which quarter the data falls into. However, when data are presented on when LMIAs are requested, it is based on the date when the LMIA is received by ESDC. 2. As of the publication of 2016-2023 annual data (published in April 2024) and going forward, all LMIAs in support of 'Permanent Residence (PR) Only' are included in TFWP statistics, unless indicated otherwise. All annual data in this report includes PR Only LMIAs. Dual-intent LMIAs and corresponding positions are included under their respective TFWP stream (e.g., low-wage, high-wage, etc.) This may impact program reporting over time. 3. Attention should be given for data that are presented by ‘Unique Employers’ when it comes to manipulating the data within that specific table. One employer could be counted towards multiple groups if they have multiple positive LMIAs across categories such as program stream, province or territory, or economic region. For example, an employer could request TFWs for two different business locations, and this employer would be counted in the statistics of both economic regions. As such, the sum of the rows within these ‘Unique Employer’ tables will not add up to the aggregate total.

The Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) allows Canadian employers to hire foreign workers to fill temporary jobs when qualified Canadians, permanent residents, asylum seekers and refugees are not available to fill these positions, and helps ensures that foreign workers are protected. The TFWP is designed to be responsive to changes in the labour market by including a Labour Market Impact Assessment of hiring foreign workers, which provides the government with assurances that hiring temporary foreign workers will not have a negative impact on the Canadian labour market. Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) works closely with Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, the Canada Border Services Agency and the provinces and territories, through appropriate information sharing agreements, to monitor and share information that has an impact on the integrity of the TFWP. The TFWP is regulated through the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations. This record set contains the currently available TFWP policies developed by ESDC to enable the administration of the Program. Please note that TFWP policies are updated regularly. Their proactive disclosure will take place progressively as newly revised policies are finalized.

The Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) allows Canadian employers to hire foreign workers to fill temporary jobs when qualified Canadians, permanent residents, asylum seekers and refugees are not available to fill these positions, and helps ensures that foreign workers are protected. The TFWP is designed to be responsive to changes in the labour market by including a Labour Market Impact Assessment of hiring foreign workers, which provides the government with assurances that hiring temporary foreign workers will not have a negative impact on the Canadian labour market. Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) works closely with Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, the Canada Border Services Agency and the provinces and territories, through appropriate information sharing agreements, to monitor and share information that has an impact on the integrity of the TFWP. The TFWP is regulated through the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations. This record set contains the currently available TFWP policies developed by ESDC to enable the administration of the Program. Please note that TFWP policies are updated regularly. Their proactive disclosure will take place progressively as newly revised policies are finalized.

The Department of Labour, Skills and Immigration (LSI) issues nomination certificates to prospective immigrants who meet a labour market need and who will make a contribution to Nova Scotia’s economy. Nominees then apply to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada for a permanent resident visa. In 2023, LSI began using the National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 to designate the occupational group that nominees fall under. This was a transitional year and NOC 2016 values are also present, as they were in all years prior to 2023. The NOC is Canada’s national system for describing occupations. The NOC comprises more than 40,000 job titles gathered into 516 unit groups, organized according to six Training, Education, Experience and Responsibilities (TEER) categories and ten broad occupational categories. Unit groups can often be linked directly to one occupation (such as NOC 31110 – Dentists) or to more than one occupation (such as NOC 72600 – Air pilots, flight engineers and flying instructors). Detailed information on the NOC can be found at https://noc.esdc.gc.ca/. This dataset provides the number of certificates issued annually by NOC TEER or skill category, NOC Code (5 digits in 2021 version, 4 digits in 2016 version), and Occupational Group: * NOC TEER and skill level corresponds to the type and/or amount of training or education typically required to work in an occupation; * The 4- and 5-digit NOC codes are comprised of over 500 occupational groups identified as unit groups; * Occupational Groups describe each of the unit groups in plain language terms such as Financial auditors and accountants; Mining engineers; and Audiologists and speech-language pathologists. The maximum number of certificates that LSI may issue annually through the Nova Scotia Nominee Program is determined by the federal government.

Data on labour force status including employment, unemployment and labour force participation rates by visible minority, immigrant status and period of immigration, highest level of education, age and gender.

A positive LMIA will be issued by Service Canada if an assessment indicates that hiring a temporary foreign worker (TFW) will have a positive or neutral impact on the Canadian labour market. A positive LMIA must be obtained by an employer before hiring a TFW for a specific occupation.

This list excludes all personal names, such as employers of caregivers or business names that use or include personal names. For this reason, the list is not complete and does not reflect all employers who requested or received an LMIA.

The data provided in this report tracks TFW positions on Labour Market Impact Assessments only, not TFWs that are issued a work permit or who enter Canada. The decision to issue a work permit rests with Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC); therefore, not all positions approved result in a work permit or a TFW entering Canada. The data includes all positions on all positive LMIAs as issued, and therefore also includes any position that may have been subsequently cancelled by the employer. For information on the number of work permits issued, please consult Immigration, Refugee and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) Facts and Figures: http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/statistics/menu-fact.asp.

Note: Should an employer wish to contact ESDC concerning the accuracy of this information, please contact NA-TFWP-PTET@hrsdc-rhdcc.gc.ca.

Language instructors in Canada have faced major shifts propelled by surging immigration, technological disruption and downstream budgetary constraints. Immigration reached record highs between 2020 and 2024, with admissions peaking at nearly 484,000. These newcomers gain access to language courses fully funded by the Canadian federal government, driving enrolment in English and French courses as they seek to gain new job opportunities and integrate quickly. However, spiking inflation, sinking corporate profit and lagging disposable incomes cut potential clients' budgets. Language instructors have been forced to keep tuition low and absorb profit compression. Price-sensitivity has also supported the rapid growth of competing language learning apps like Duolingo and Babbel, which attracted casual learners through affordability, convenience and increasingly sophisticated AI-driven features. Language instructors' revenue has been climbing at a CAGR of 1.8% to an estimated $323.5 million over the five years through 2025, including an uptick of 0.8% in 2025 alone. Immigration remains the sector's main engine of growth. The Canadian government's aggressive immigration targets expanded the immigrant population and, by extension, boosted language instructors' enrolment. However, immigration has dropped in 2025 following federal plans to trim annual immigration admittance from 500,000 to 395,000 to alleviate population growth's strains on housing, social services and infrastructure. The first half of 2025 marked an 18.8% drop in immigration, softening instructors' revenue growth. Further reductions to immigration are scheduled for 2026 and 2027. Despite this, government funding for language programs is helping ensure that those who are admitted can access language training. Language instruction providers will contend with reduced immigration-driven demand and mounting competition from advanced language learning technologies over the next five years. Corporations across the economy will undertake varying degrees of globalization initiatives amid trade tensions with the US, leading some to spend more on language instruction while others spend less. While federal subsidies will continue to underwrite much of the industry, persistent consumer price sensitivity amid tariffs and advances in real-time translation apps will force language instructors to offer a premium experience that covers cultural nuances at an affordable price. Revenue is set to slow, swelling at a CAGR of 0.8% to an estimated $336.7 million through the end of 2030.

The Department of Labour, Skills and Immigration (LSI) issues nomination certificates to prospective immigrants who meet a labour market need and who will make a contribution to Nova Scotia’s economy. Nominees then apply to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada for a permanent resident visa.

In 2023, LSI began using the National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 to designate the occupational group that nominees fall under. This was a transitional year and NOC 2016 values are also present, as they were in all years prior to 2023.

The NOC is Canada’s national system for describing occupations. The NOC comprises more than 40,000 job titles gathered into 516 unit groups, organized according to six Training, Education, Experience and Responsibilities (TEER) categories and ten broad occupational categories. Unit groups can often be linked directly to one occupation (such as NOC 31110 – Dentists) or to more than one occupation (such as NOC 72600 – Air pilots, flight engineers and flying instructors). Detailed information on the NOC can be found at https://noc.esdc.gc.ca/.

This dataset provides the number of certificates issued annually by NOC TEER or skill category, NOC Code (5 digits in 2021 version, 4 digits in 2016 version), and Occupational Group: * NOC TEER and skill level corresponds to the type and/or amount of training or education typically required to work in an occupation; * The 4- and 5-digit NOC codes are comprised of over 500 occupational groups identified as unit groups; * Occupational Groups describe each of the unit groups in plain language terms such as Financial auditors and accountants; Mining engineers; and Audiologists and speech-language pathologists.

The maximum number of certificates that LSI may issue annually through the Nova Scotia Nominee Program is determined by the federal government.

Youth not in education, employment or training by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts (1)Frequency: OccasionalTable: 98-10-0648-01Release date: 2024-03-26Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partUniverse: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample dataVariable List: Visible minority (15), Gender (3a), Age (6), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (7), Census year (2), Youth not in employment, education or training (1)List of abbreviations and acronyms found within various Census products.(https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/ref/symb-ab-acr-eng.cfm)Footnotes:1 Historical comparison of geographic areas The boundaries and names of census geographies can change from one census to the next. In order to facilitate data comparisons between censuses, previous census data have been adjusted to reflect as closely as possible the 2021 boundaries of these areas. The methodology used for this adjustment involved spatially linking blocks of previous censuses (concordance to the 1996 Census used the 1996 enumeration areas to the 2021 boundaries). A previous census block was linked to the 2021 area within which its representative point fell. A limited number of interactive linkages were completed to further enhance the adjustment in certain areas. For some census geographies, it was not possible to reflect the 2021 boundaries. The 2021 boundaries may not be reflected as there was no previous census block to assign to the 2021 area. As well previous census data for some 2021 areas may not be available due to the fact that the concordance did not produce an accurate representation of the 2021 area.2 Gender Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman). Gender includes the following concepts: gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually; gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender. A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time. Some people may not identify with a specific gender.3 Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category “non-binary persons” are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the “+” symbol. The sex variable in census years prior to 2021 and the two-category gender variable in the 2021 Census are included together. Although sex and gender refer to two different concepts, the introduction of gender is not expected to have a significant impact on data analysis and historical comparability, given the small size of the transgender and non-binary populations. For additional information on changes of concepts over time, please consult the Age, Sex at Birth and Gender Reference Guide.4 Age' refers to the age of a person (or subject) of interest at last birthday (or relative to a specified, well-defined reference date).5 First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.6 Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident. Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status. For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.7 Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.8 "Visible minority refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as persons other than Aboriginal peoples who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean, and Japanese.9 For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.10 Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.11 Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.12 Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.13 First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.14 Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.15 "Refers to the proportion of youth aged 15 to 29 who were not in employment during the census reference week (in 2021, the reference week is May 2 to May 8) and who had not attended any accredited educational institution or program in the eight months preceding the census day (for example, in 2021 this period is between September 2020 and 11 May 2021). The Labor Force Survey (LFS) is the main data source for calculating national estimates of the youth not in employment, education, or training indicator, commonly known as NEET." This indicator is calculated using data from the first quarter or the average of the first three months of the calendar year which excludes summer employment. This LFS-based indicator is published on an annual basis and is used for international comparisons. The NEET indicator has regularly published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) since the late 1990s. However the census and other data sources such as social surveys like the Canadian Community Health Survey serve a different purpose. These data sources provide more specialized data that allowed deeper analysis of specific sociodemographic characteristics and conditions for a given population group which is a rich complement to understand the context and the factors behind the NEET estimates provided by the LFS. Although the Census of the Canadian population and the Labor Force Survey (LFS) measure similar concepts linked to labour market activities there are several fundamental differences between the characteristics of the two concept that measure the population of youth not in employment education or training. The most important of these differences is that in the LFS the reference period for school attendance and the reference period for employment are the same whereas in the Census they are different. Other differences between the census and the LFS include the length of the reference period the number of questions and their content the sample size the enumeration method and the coverage. For more information about the comparability of labour force status data from the Census of Population versus that of the LFS please consult the Appendix 2.11 from the Dictionary Census of Population 2021. which excludes summer employment. This LFS-based indicator is published on an annual basis and is used for international comparisons. The NEET indicator has regularly published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) since the late 1990s. However the census and other data sources such as social surveys like the Canadian Community Health Survey serve a different purpose. These data sources provide more specialized data that allowed deeper analysis of specific sociodemographic characteristics and conditions for a given population group which is a rich complement to understand the context and the factors behind the NEET estimates provided by the LFS. Although the Census of the Canadian population and the Labor Force Survey (LFS) measure similar concepts linked to labour market activities there are several fundamental differences between the characteristics of the two concept that measure the population of youth not in employment education or training. The most important of these differences is that in the LFS the reference period for school attendance and the reference period for employment are the same whereas in the Census they are different. Other differences between the census and the LFS include the length of the reference

The International Social Survey Program (ISSP) is an ongoing program of crossnational collaboration. Formed in 1983, the group develops topical modules dealing with important areas of social science as supplements to regular national surveys. This collection, which focuses on national identity, contains data from Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Russia, the Slovakian Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United States. Respondents were asked to comment on various topics regarding national identity, such as how ''close'' they felt to their respective countries, national pride, their nations' relations with other countries, and their nations' treatment of immigrants and minority groups. Those queried were asked to describe the pride they felt towards their countries' accomplishments in the following areas: political influence, economics, social security, science and technology, sports, the arts, armed forces, history, and treatment of others. A series of questions probed for respondents' views regarding international relations, including foreign trade restrictions, international problem-solving attempts, foreign language education, the purchase of land by foreigners, the nationality of television programs and movies, and the benefits of membership in regional international organizations. Respondents were also asked to assess their countries' treatment of minority groups and immigrants. Topics covered the preservation of minority traditions, the impact of immigrant groups on crime, the economy, the job market, cultural openness, special provisions for political refugees, and the citizenship process.

The largest influx of immigrants to Canada was pre-1981, where 710 people surveyed called Canada their new home.

Proportion of immigrants and non-permanent residents among the school-age population (ages 5 to 25), Canada and jurisdictions, in out and out of census metropolitan areas (CMA's). Estimates and projections of population aged 0 to 29, by age group, Canada, provinces and territories. This table is included in Section A: A portrait of the school-age population: Cultural diversity of the Pan Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP). PCEIP draws from a wide variety of data sources to provide information on the school-age population, elementary, secondary and postsecondary education, transitions, and labour market outcomes. The program presents indicators for all of Canada, the provinces, the territories, as well as selected international comparisons and comparisons over time. PCEIP is an ongoing initiative of the Canadian Education Statistics Council, a partnership between Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada that provides a set of statistical measures on education systems in Canada.

The Department of Labour, Skills and Immigration (LSI) issues nomination certificates to prospective immigrants who meet a labour market need and who will make a contribution to Nova Scotia’s economy. Nominees then apply to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada for a permanent resident visa.

Applicants are attracted to the Nova Scotia Nominee Program from around the world. This dataset provides the number of nomination certificates issued annually by citizenship of the applicant.

The maximum number of nomination certificates that LSI may issue annually through the Nova Scotia Nominee Program is determined by the federal government.

The Department of Labour, Skills and Immigration (LSI) issues nomination certificates to prospective immigrants who meet a labour market need and who will make a contribution to Nova Scotia’s economy. Nominees then apply to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada for a permanent resident visa.

Nominees must demonstrate proficiency in English or French in order to be eligible for nomination, but they often have a native language that is neither English nor French. This dataset provides the the number of certificates issued annually by the native language of the nominees.

The maximum number of nomination certificates that LSI may issue annually through the Nova Scotia Nominee Program is determined by the federal government.

The Labour Force Survey provides estimates of employment and unemployment which are among the timeliest and important measures of performance of the Canadian economy. With the release of the survey results only 10 days after the completion of data collection, the LFS estimates are the first of the major monthly economic data series to be released. The Canadian Labour Force Survey was developed following the Second World War to satisfy a need for reliable and timely data on the labour market. Information was urgently required on the massive labour market changes involved in the transition from a war to a peace-time economy. The main objective of the LFS is to divide the working-age population into three mutually exclusive classifications - employed, unemployed, and not in the labour force - and to provide descriptive and explanatory data on each of these. LFS data are used to produce the well-known unemployment rate as well as other standard labour market indicators such as the employment rate and the participation rate. The LFS also provides employment estimates by industry, occupation, public and private sector, hours worked and much more, all cross-classifiable by a variety of demographic characteristics. Estimates are produced for Canada, the provinces, the territories and a large number of sub-provincial regions. For employees, wage rates, union status, job permanency and workplace size are also produced. These data are used by different levels of government for evaluation and planning of employment programs in Canada. Regional unemployment rates are used by Employment and Social Development Canada to determine eligibility, level and duration of insurance benefits for persons living within a particular employment insurance region. The data are also used by labour market analysts, economists, consultants, planners, forecasters and academics in both the private and public sector. Note: Because missing values are removed from this dataset, any form of non-response (e.g. valid skip, not stated) or don't know/refusal cannot be coded as a missing. The "Sysmiss" label in the Statistics section indicates the number of non-responding records for each variable, and the "Valid" values in the Statistics section indicate the number of responding records for each variable. The total number of records for each variable is comprised of both the sysmiss and valid values. LFS revisions: LFS estimates were previously based on the 2001 Census population estimates. These data have been adjusted to reflect 2006 Census population estimates and were revised back to 1996. The census metropolitan area (CMA) variable has been expanded from the three largest CMAs in Canada to nine. Two occupation variables based on the 2016 National Occupation Classicifcation have been reintroduced: a generic 10- category variable (NOC_10) and a detailed 40-category variable (NOC_40). A new variable on immigrant status (IMMIG) has been introduced, which distingushes between recent immigrants and established immigrants. Fourteen variables related to family and spouse/partner's labour force characteristics have been removed, as well as eight out of date variables which have been removed from the record layout.

The Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) is a Statistics Canada survey intended for use in research on changes over time in Canadians labour force activity status and economic well-being. Although the survey is primarily longitudinal, it also generates cross-sectional data including job status, periods of unemployment and annual wage distributions. The Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) is a longitudinal household survey conducted by Statistics Canada. It is designed to capture changes in the economic well-being of individuals and families over time and the determinants of their well-being. Individuals originally selected for the survey are interviewed once or twice per year for six years to collect information about their labour market experiences, income and family circumstances. In order to obtain complete information on families and to obtain cross-sectional data, people who live with the original respondents at any time during the six years are also interviewed during the time of cohabitation. The data are provided in six files: Two-year (1993-94) Longitudinal person file (LGP); Two-year (1993-94) Longitudinal job file (LGJ); 1994 cross-sectional person file (CSP94); 1994 cross-sectional job file (CSJ94); 1993 cross-sectional person file (CSP93); 1993 cross-sectional job file (CSJ93). Substantial differences between the Wave 1 and Wave 2 releases are mainly due to having an extra year of data. There is very little change at the variable level: essentially, the variables from Wave 1 have been kept, with only a few ones added. With one major exception, no changes to variables on the previous file are still suppressed and variable is now included on the public-use file: age in single years. A total of six files are included as compared to two last year: at both the person and job levels, there will be a 1993 cross-sectional file, a 1994 cross-sectional file, and a two-year longitudinal file. Cross-sectional files can be considered final. The longitudinal files will be superseded by the three-year longitudinal files contained in the next release of public-use microdata.

The cross-sectional public-use microdata file for the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) is a collection of income, labour and family variables on persons in Canada and their families. SLID is an annual household survey covering the population of the 10 Canadian provinces with the exception of Indian reserves, residents of institutions and military barracks. The Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics began collecting data for reference year 1993. Initially, SLID was designed to be, first and foremost, a longitudinal survey, with primary focus on labour and income and the relationships between them and family composition. Initially, two versions of SLID public-use microdata files were released: the first cross-sectional set covering reference year 1993 and the second longitudinal covering reference years 1993 and 1994. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal public-use files were released. After the release of the 1993 and 1994 files, the decision was made to extend the objectives of SLID to be the primary source of cross-sectional household income data. This file includes many safeguards to prevent the identification of any one person. The type of income data collected by SLID was identical to that of the former household income survey SCF (Survey of Consumer Finances), with the distinction that SLID respondents had the choice of a traditional income interview and granting permission to Statistics Canada to use their T1 income tax data.For many years, the Survey of Consumer Finances had provided public-use microdata files ( PUMFs ) to meet the needs of cross-sectional household income data users. SCF PUMFs were released up to and including reference year 1997. For the purpose of standard publications, Statistics Canada has made the transition from SCF to SLID between 1995 and 1996. Therefore, SLID cross-sectional PUMFs are being made available beginning with reference year 1996. The SLID files have been designed to be analogous to those produced for the SCF. Although often referred to as a single file, the SLID public-use microdata file is actually four separate files: key, person, economic family and census family. The person file contains identifier data, which allows a researcher to group persons into households, economic families and census families, as well as link each of these files together..

This Gallup poll aims primarily to collect the political views of Canadians. The questions focus either directly on political leaders and parties, or on issues of political importance to the country. The questions deal with political issues both in Canada, and in other countries, including the United States, and Britain. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic and social variables. Topics of interest include: the Conservative party; electoral campaign funding and spending; Britain's interest in joining the European Common Market; Diefenbaker's performance as Prime Minister; federal elections; Lester Pearson's performance as leader of the opposition; the Liberal party; preferred political parties; restrictions on non-white immigrants; opinions on the Senate, and what their main job is; South Africa leaving the common wealth, and their racial policies; potential successors to the current political leaders; unemployment predictions; union membership; and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included.