The AAFC Land Use Time Series is a culmination and curated meta-analysis of several high-quality spatial datasets produced between 2000 and 2021 using a variety of methods by teams of researchers as techniques and capabilities have evolved. The information from the input datasets was consolidated and embedded within each 30m x 30m pixel to create consolidated pixel histories, resulting in thousands of unique combinations of evidence ready for careful consideration. Informed by many sources of high-quality evidence and visual observation of imagery in Google Earth, we apply an incremental strategy to develop a coherent best current understanding of what has happened in each pixel through the time series.

Land cover information is necessary for a large range of environmental applications related to climate impacts and adaption, emergency response, wildlife habitat, etc. In Canada, a 2008 user survey indicated that the most practical land cover data is provided in a nationwide 30 m spatial resolution format, with an update frequency of five years. In response to this need, the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) has generated a 30 m land cover map of Canada for the base year 2010, as well as this 2015 land cover map. This land cover dataset is also the Canadian contribution to the 30 m spatial resolution 2015 Land Cover Map of North America, which is produced by Mexican, American and Canadian government institutions under a collaboration called the North American Land Change Monitoring System (NALCMS). This land cover dataset for Canada is produced using observation from Operational Land Imager (OLI) Landsat sensor. An accuracy assessment based on 806 randomly distributed samples shows that land cover data produced with this new approach has achieved 79.90% accuracy with no marked spatial disparities. - Land Cover of Canada - Cartographic Product Collection

This table contains 1392 series, with data for years 1971 - 2011 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (87 items: Abbotsford - Mission (census metropolitan area), British Columbia; Baie-Comeau (census agglomeration), Quebec; Barrie (census metropolitan area), Ontario; Bathurst (census agglomeration), New Brunswick; ...);  Area (2 items: Census metropolitan area/census agglomeration; Census metropolitan area-ecosystem/census agglomeration-ecosystem);  Land cover and land use (8 items: Total land area; Built-up area, settled; Built-up area, roads; Arable; ...).

The land cover classes consist of vegetation types (such as forest, wetlands and agricultural crops or pasture) and categories of non-vegetated surface (such as water bodies, bedrock outcrops or settlements). These classes reflect the nature of the land surface rather than actual or potential land use. The 2000 Edition of the Ontario Land Cover Data Base is the Second Edition of this provincial land cover classification. The coverage is derived wholly from Landsat-7 Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite data frames recorded between 1999 and 2002, most from 2000 onward. The Provincial Land Cover (2000) Data Base is divided into 4 individual Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid zone tiles (15, 16, 17, and 18) and is distributed in Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) format. Documentation is provided with this database in the form of a user's guide and general use caveats.

Canada Land Use: Total Area data was reported at 15,634,410.000 sq km in 2022. This stayed constant from the previous number of 15,634,410.000 sq km for 2021. Canada Land Use: Total Area data is updated yearly, averaging 15,640,500.000 sq km from Dec 1961 (Median) to 2022, with 62 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15,640,500.000 sq km in 2020 and a record low of 15,634,410.000 sq km in 2022. Canada Land Use: Total Area data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Land Use: OECD Member: Annual.

This collection is a legacy product that is no longer supported. It may not meet current government standards. Land Cover information is the result of vectorization of raster thematic data originating from classified Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 ortho-images, for agricultural and forest areas of Canada, and for Northern Territories. The forest cover was produced by the Earth Observation for Sustainable Development (EOSD) project, an initiative of the Canadian Forest Service (CFS) with the collaboration of the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and in partnership with the provincial and territorial governments. The agricultural coverage is produced by the National Land and Water Information Service (NLWIS) of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC). Northern Territories land cover was realized by the Canadian Centre of Remote Sensing (CCRS). Land Cover data are classified according to a harmonized legend build from the partner's legends. This legend is principally based on the legend described in following publication: EOSD publication: EOSD Land Cover Classification Legend Report, on which CFS and AAFC collaborated. Some classes related to Northern environments where added in order to meet the interpretation of the Northern land cover classification experts. Initially, Land Cover vector data are closest as possible to the source (original raster data). Slight differences can occur because the raster data goes through a data portrayal before being vectorized in order to enhance visual representation such as minimum size, smoothness of polygons and geometry.

Census of Agriculture, 1921 to date. Total farm area, land in crops, summerfallow land, tame or seeded pasture and all other land.

Land cover by category, Canada, major drainage areas and sub-drainage areas (square kilometres).

The USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center developed a Monarch Relevant Land Cover data set covering the area of Canada. We used the 2010 land cover data set produced by the tri-national North American Land Change Monitoring System (NALCMS) and supported by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) that depicts year 2010 land cover across North America at 30-meter spatial resolution, and incorporated additional spatially-explicit information to develop this land cover map. Additional sources of information included 2004 railroad data provided by The Atlas of Canada and the CEC, 2017 roads data provided by Statistics Canada, 2017 protected areas data provided by the CEC, and 2016 Canada provincial/territory boundary file data provided by Statistics Canada.

Canada Land Use: % of Land Area: Forest data was reported at 39.466 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 39.470 % for 2021. Canada Land Use: % of Land Area: Forest data is updated yearly, averaging 38.772 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 39.470 % in 2021 and a record low of 38.696 % in 2020. Canada Land Use: % of Land Area: Forest data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Land Use: OECD Member: Annual.

The dataset includes a shapefile named reference.shp, which consists of a collection of files with a common filename prefix, stored in the same directory. The shapefile stores the location, shape (point in this case), and attribute of the 467 reference points. The attribute of each point includes the land cover class among the following: bareground (refers to forb-dominated barren), mesic (refers to forb-dominated tundra), wetgrass (refers to grass-dominated wetland), wetsedge (refers to sedge-dominated wetland), wetmoss (refers to moss-dominated wetland), water, and snow. The shapefile can be opened in geographic information system (GIS) software such as QGIS (QGIS Development Team) and ArcGIS (ESRI). The geographic coordinate system is NAD 1983 (EPSG:4269) and the projected coordinate system is NAD 1983 UTM Zone 20N (EPSG:26920). The dataset also includes a file named ensemble_classifier.tif. It is a raster GIS file in GeoTIFF format with 0.5 x 0.5 meter resolution. The uncompressed s...

Collection of Land Cover products for Canada as produced by Natural Resources Canada using Landsat satellite imagery. This collection of cartographic products offers classified Land Cover of Canada at a 30 metre scale, updated on a 5 year basis. - Landcover of Canada 2010 - Landcover of Canada 2015 - Landcover of Canada 2020

Land use mapping.**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

Land cover information is essential for a wide range of environmental applications, including climate impact assessment and adaptation, emergency response, and wildlife habitat monitoring. In Canada, a 2008 user survey identified that the most practical format for land cover data is a nationwide map with a 30 m spatial resolution, updated every five years. To meet this need, the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) has been producing 30 m resolution land cover maps since 2010, with updates released in 2015 and 2020. These datasets also serve as Canada’s contribution to the 30 m Land Cover Map of North America, developed collaboratively by government agencies in Mexico, the United States, and Canada through the North American Land Change Monitoring System (NALCMS). The classification system used in these maps is designed for consistency across North America. It follows a two-level hierarchy based on the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Land Cover Classification System (LCCS), consisting of 12 classes at Level I and 19 classes at Level II. Of the 19 Level II classes, 15 are applicable to Canada and are included in the national land cover dataset. Tropical vegetation classes (specifically classes 3, 4, 7, and 9) are either absent or occur only minimally in Canada and are therefore excluded from the national dataset. Canada’s land cover maps are generated using observations from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) Landsat sensor. An accuracy assessment based on 832 randomly distributed samples indicates that the latest dataset achieves 86.9% overall accuracy, with no marked spatial inconsistencies. Land Cover of Canada - Cartographic Product Collection NALCMS — The North American Land Change Monitoring System

Contained within the Atlas of Canada Poster Map Series, is a poster showing the different types of land cover across the Country. The map is primarily based on AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data, offering very precise detail. The land cover image contains 31 land cover classes. These have been grouped into 9 large land cover classes from coniferous forest to snow and ice. There are photos showing visually what each of these 9 land cover areas look like.

This land cover product was produced by NBIOME to generate an up-to-date, spatially and temporally consistent land cover map of the landmass of Canada for use by scientists and other users interested in environmental information at national and regional scales. The data were acquired by CCRS and were provided to BORIS for use. This data set is gridded and was produced from 10-day composite data of surface parameters. Temporally, the 10-day compositing periods begin 11-April-95 and ends 31-Oct-95. Spatially, the data cover the entire landmass of Canada. The data are stored in binary image format files.

This land cover data set was derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor operating on board the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites. Information on the NOAA series of satellites can be found at www.noaa.gov/satellites.html The vegetation and land cover information set has been classified into twelve categories. Information on the classification of the vegetation and land cover, raster to vector conversion, generalization for cartographic presentations is included in the paper "The Canada Vegetation and Land Cover: A Raster and Vector Data Set for GIS Applications - Uses in Agriculture" (https://geogratis.cgdi.gc.ca/download/landcover/scale/gis95ppr.pdf). A soil quality evaluation was obtained by cross-referencing the AVHRR information with Census of Agriculture records and biophysical (Soil Landscapes of Canada) data and is also included in the above paper. AVHRR Land Cover Data approximates a 1:2M scale and was done originally for Agriculture Canada. The projection used is Lambert Conformal Conic (LCC) 49/77 with origin at 49N 95W.

The land cover classes consist of vegetation types (such as forest, wetlands and agricultural crops or pasture) and categories of non-vegetated surface (such as water bodies, bedrock outcrops or settlements). These classes reflect the nature of the land surface rather than actual or potential land use. The 2000 Edition of the Ontario Land Cover Data Base is the Second Edition of this provincial land cover classification. The coverage is derived wholly from Landsat-7 Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite data frames recorded between 1999 and 2002, most from 2000 onward. The Provincial Land Cover (2000) Data Base is divided into 4 individual Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid zone tiles (15, 16, 17, and 18) and is distributed in TIFF format. Documentation is provided with this database in the form of a user's guide and general use caveats. [TIFF]: Tagged Image File Format [TM]: Thematic Mapper *[UTM]: Universal Transverse Mercator

The 2020 North American Land Cover 30-meter dataset was produced as part of the North American Land Change Monitoring System (NALCMS), a trilateral effort between Natural Resources Canada, the United States Geological Survey, and three Mexican organizations including the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía), National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of the Biodiversity (Comisión Nacional Para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad), and the National Forestry Commission of Mexico (Comisión Nacional Forestal). The collaboration is facilitated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation, an international organization created by the Canada, Mexico, and United States governments under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation to promote environmental collaboration between the three countries. The general objective of NALCMS is to devise, through collective effort, a harmonized multi-scale land cover mo ...

Classified land cover maps of Canada.

The tiff files contains classified maps of Canada (10 land types, and 0 as background) for 2018 and 2019.

The class label corresponding to each land type, the colour composition for visualisation and corresponding classification accuracy (class accuracy) for every month are provided in the detailed Pdf Table.