The Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) commissioned Phoenix Strategic Perspectives (Phoenix SPI) to conduct quantitative research with Canadian businesses on privacy-related issues. To address its information needs, the OPC conducts surveys with businesses every two years to inform and guide outreach efforts. The objectives of this research were to collect data on the type of privacy policies and practices businesses have in place; on businesses’ compliance with the law; and on businesses’ awareness and approaches to privacy protection. The findings will be used to help the OPC provide guidance to both individuals and organizations on privacy issues; and enhance its outreach efforts with small businesses, which can be an effective way to achieve positive change for privacy protection. A 15-minute telephone survey was administered to 800 companies across Canada from November 21 to December 21, 2023. The target respondents were senior decision makers with responsibility and knowledge of their company’s privacy and security practices. Businesses were divided by size for sampling purposes: small (1-19 employees); medium (20-99 employees); and large (100+ employees). The results were weighted by size, sector and region using Statistics Canada data to ensure that they reflect the actual distribution of businesses in Canada. Based on a sample of this size, the results can be considered accurate to within ±3.5%, 19 times out of 20.

Most challenging obstacle expected by the business or organization over the next three months, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), business employment size, type of business, business activity and majority ownership, second quarter of 2024.

Average percentage of board of director positions in designated groups for non-profit organizations by region, size, International Classification of Non-Profit Organizations (ICNPO) and organization type, Canada, 2023.

Results of the survey on the satisfaction of non-profit organizations (NPOs) in the community sector with respect to the services offered by the City of Laval, conducted in 2014.

Percentage, average percentage and ratio of senior managers in designated groups, by region, size, International Classification of Non-Profit Organizations (ICNPO) and organization type, Canada, 2023.

The Workplace Information and Research Division of the Labour Program conducts an annual survey of labour organizations in Canada that represent bargaining units of 50 or more workers. The survey provides aggregate statistics on union coverage by organization type and affiliation.

Business or organization plans to expand, restructure, acquire, invest, transfer, sell or close over the next 12 months, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), business employment size, type of business, business activity and majority ownership, second quarter of 2024.

Obstacles faced by the business or organization over the next three months, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), business employment size, type of business, business activity and majority ownership, fourth quarter of 2021.

The Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating 2007 is the latest iteration of a series of surveys that began with the National Survey of Giving, Volunteering and participating. It was conducted by Statistics Canada in 1997 as a supplement to the Labour Force Survey, and was repeated in the fall of 2000. In 2001, the federal government provided funding to establish a permanent survey program on charitable giving, volunteering and participating within Statistics Canada. The survey itself was renamed the Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP). The CSGVP was developed through a partnership of federal government departments and voluntary sector organizations. These include Canadian Heritage, Health Canada, Human Resources and Social Development Canada, Imagine Canada, the Public Health Agency of Canada, Statistics Canada and Volunteer Canada. There are two data files for the 2007 Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP): the Main answer file (MAIN.TXT), and the giving file (GS.TXT). The 2007 CSGVP was conducted by Statistics Canada in the provinces and territories from September 10th to December 8th 2007.

Survey of innovation, selected service industries, type of organizations with which innovative business units cooperated and collaborated in order to develop products or processes

An October 2021 survey of Canadian and worldwide tech and security executives found that ** percent of Canadian organizations had fully implemented a combined strategy for data management, cyber, privacy, and other governance functions, while ** percent of worldwide organizations had these practices. In the attempt for better data protection, ** percent of Canadian organizations had implemented the ability to share data securely with third parties, business partners, and suppliers and to potentially “audit” their compliance to terms.

According to a 2022 survey of Canadian business representatives, ** percent of the companies included in their privacy policy information the purposes for their data collection, usage, and disclosure. Around eight in ** organizations also explained in their privacy policy with which parties the collected customer data was being shared. By comparison, only ** percent of respondents stated that their privacy policies included information on the risk of harm in the event of a breach.

The Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) commissioned Phoenix Strategic Perspectives (Phoenix SPI) to conduct quantitative research with Canadian businesses on privacy-related issues. To address its information needs, the OPC conducts surveys with businesses every two years to inform and guide outreach efforts. The objectives of this research were to collect data on the type of privacy policies and practices businesses have in place; on businesses’ compliance with the law; and on businesses’ awareness and approaches to privacy protection. The findings will be used to help the OPC provide guidance to both individuals and organizations on privacy issues; and enhance its outreach efforts with small businesses, which can be an effective way to achieve positive change for privacy protection. A 15-minute telephone survey was administered to 800 companies across Canada from November 21 to December 21, 2023. The target respondents were senior decision makers with responsibility and knowledge of their company’s privacy and security practices. Businesses were divided by size for sampling purposes: small (1-19 employees); medium (20-99 employees); and large (100+ employees). The results were weighted by size, sector and region using Statistics Canada data to ensure that they reflect the actual distribution of businesses in Canada. Based on a sample of this size, the results can be considered accurate to within ±3.5%, 19 times out of 20.

A March 2023 survey of internet users in Canada found that 64 percent of survey respondents had used digital methods to communicate with their bank. A further 43 percent of respondents stated that they had used the internet to communicate with the government, while 40 percent stated communicating with their insurance company via the internet.

The 2020 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) was administered by Advanis, on behalf of the Office of the Chief Human Resources Officer, Treasury Board of Canada. This comprehensive survey measured federal government employees’ opinions about their engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace, workplace well-being, compensation, diversity and inclusion, and the impacts of COVID-19. The 2020 Public Service Employee Survey was conducted from November 30, 2020 to January 29, 2021. A total of 188,786 employees in 87 federal departments and agencies responded to the 2020 Public Service Employee Survey, for a response rate of 61%. The 2020 Public Service Employee Survey datasets contain the results of the survey by year (2020, 2019 and 2018) for the Public Service and departments/agencies, and the results broken down by demographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender) and organizational units. Results for 2019 and 2018 are only provided for questions repeated in the 2020 Public Service Employee Survey.

In 1991, the National Task Force on Health Information cited a number of issues and problems with the health information system. To respond to these issues, the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), Statistics Canada and Health Canada joined forces to create a Health Information Roadmap. From this mandate, the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) was conceived. The CCHS is a cross-sectional survey that collects information related to health status, health care utilization and health determinants for the Canadian population. The survey is offered in both official languages. It relies upon a large sample of respondents and is designed to provide reliable estimates at the health region level every 2 years. The CCHS has the following objectives: - Support health surveillance programs by providing health data at the national, provincial and intra-provincial levels; - Provide a single data source for health research on small populations and rare characteristics; - Timely release of information easily accessible to a diverse community of users; - Create a flexible survey instrument that includes a rapid response option to address emerging issues related to the health of the population. The CCHS produces an annual microdata file and a file combining two years of data. The CCHS collection years with both consistent design and consistent population representation can also be combined by users to examine populations or rare characteristics. The primary use of the CCHS data is for health surveillance and population health research. Federal and provincial departments of health and human resources, social service agencies, and other types of government agencies use the information collected from respondents to monitor, plan, implement and evaluate programs to improve the health of Canadians. Researchers from various fields use the information to conduct research to improve health. Non-profit health organizations and the media use the CCHS results to raise awareness about health, an issue of concern to all Canadians. The survey began collecting data in 2001 and was repeated every two years until 2005. Starting in 2007, data for the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) were collected annually instead of every two years. While a sample of approximately 130,000 respondents were interviewed during the reference periods of 2001, 2003 and 2005, the sample size was changed to 65,000 respondents each year starting in 2007. The CCHS has undergone two major redesigns. The first in 2015 reviewed the sampling methodology, adopted a new sample frame, modernized and updated its health content, and reviewed the target population. The second in 2022, further reviewed and updated the content of the survey as well as transitioned it to an online electronic questionnaire (EQ) that was available for direct self reporting by selected respondents. Consultations were held with federal, provincial and territorial share partners, health region authorities and academics for both redesigns. As a result of these redesigns and major changes to collection and sampling approaches as well as content updates, caution should be taken when comparing data from previous cycles to data released for the 2015 and 2021 and for data released 2022 and onwards.

Abstract

In order to develop various methods of comparable data collection on health and health system responsiveness WHO started a scientific survey study in 2000-2001. This study has used a common survey instrument in nationally representative populations with modular structure for assessing health of indviduals in various domains, health system responsiveness, household health care expenditures, and additional modules in other areas such as adult mortality and health state valuations.

The health module of the survey instrument was based on selected domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and was developed after a rigorous scientific review of various existing assessment instruments. The responsiveness module has been the result of ongoing work over the last 2 years that has involved international consultations with experts and key informants and has been informed by the scientific literature and pilot studies.

Questions on household expenditure and proportionate expenditure on health have been borrowed from existing surveys. The survey instrument has been developed in multiple languages using cognitive interviews and cultural applicability tests, stringent psychometric tests for reliability (i.e. test-retest reliability to demonstrate the stability of application) and most importantly, utilizing novel psychometric techniques for cross-population comparability.

The study was carried out in 61 countries completing 71 surveys because two different modes were intentionally used for comparison purposes in 10 countries. Surveys were conducted in different modes of in- person household 90 minute interviews in 14 countries; brief face-to-face interviews in 27 countries and computerized telephone interviews in 2 countries; and postal surveys in 28 countries. All samples were selected from nationally representative sampling frames with a known probability so as to make estimates based on general population parameters.

The survey study tested novel techniques to control the reporting bias between different groups of people in different cultures or demographic groups ( i.e. differential item functioning) so as to produce comparable estimates across cultures and groups. To achieve comparability, the selfreports of individuals of their own health were calibrated against well-known performance tests (i.e. self-report vision was measured against standard Snellen's visual acuity test) or against short descriptions in vignettes that marked known anchor points of difficulty (e.g. people with different levels of mobility such as a paraplegic person or an athlete who runs 4 km each day) so as to adjust the responses for comparability . The same method was also used for self-reports of individuals assessing responsiveness of their health systems where vignettes on different responsiveness domains describing different levels of responsiveness were used to calibrate the individual responses.

This data are useful in their own right to standardize indicators for different domains of health (such as cognition, mobility, self care, affect, usual activities, pain, social participation, etc.) but also provide a better measurement basis for assessing health of the populations in a comparable manner. The data from the surveys can be fed into composite measures such as "Healthy Life Expectancy" and improve the empirical data input for health information systems in different regions of the world. Data from the surveys were also useful to improve the measurement of the responsiveness of different health systems to the legitimate expectations of the population.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

POSTAL

1,487 named individuals were selected from the Karom Group of Companies, Dialogue Canada household mail panel. This mail panel includes a cross-section of Canadians, with the exception of those living in the Yukon, Northwest Territories or Nunavut, from which a sample can be obtained to represent the Canadian population according to the most recent Statistics Canada data. The panel file was stratified by regions in Canada: city size, French Quebec and rest of Canada and ordered by postcode. The 1,487 named individuals were selected from the Dialogue Mail panel file, using a random method on the sample sorted by postcode.

Individual members of each household who were asked to complete the survey were identified by birth date and gender with this identifying information.

From the initial 1,487 mailed out, 816 questionnaires came back hence reaching a response rate of 55%.

CATI

The sample was drawn in such a way that it represented the Canadian population with the exception of the Canadians living in the Yukon, Northwest Territories or Nunavut.

The sampling model relied on the stratification of the population by ten provinces and by six community sizes. Telephone numbers were selected from the most recently published telephone directories. These numbers acted as "seeds" from which the sample was actually generated. The original "seed" telephone numbers were not used in the sample. Both unlisted numbers and numbers listed after the directory publication are included in the sample.

From within each household contacted, respondents 18 years of age and older were screened for random selection using the most recent birthday method.

From the 12,350 total calls made, 778 calls completed the interview. Among the 12,350 calls, 8,466 were ineligibles and from the latter, 5,305 calls for which the respondent was unavailable. The net response rate is therefore 24.6%.

Mode of data collection

Mail Questionnaire [mail]

Cleaning operations

Data Coding At each site the data was coded by investigators to indicate the respondent status and the selection of the modules for each respondent within the survey design. After the interview was edited by the supervisor and considered adequate it was entered locally.

Data Entry Program A data entry program was developed in WHO specifically for the survey study and provided to the sites. It was developed using a database program called the I-Shell (short for Interview Shell), a tool designed for easy development of computerized questionnaires and data entry (34). This program allows for easy data cleaning and processing.

The data entry program checked for inconsistencies and validated the entries in each field by checking for valid response categories and range checks. For example, the program didn’t accept an age greater than 120. For almost all of the variables there existed a range or a list of possible values that the program checked for.

In addition, the data was entered twice to capture other data entry errors. The data entry program was able to warn the user whenever a value that did not match the first entry was entered at the second data entry. In this case the program asked the user to resolve the conflict by choosing either the 1st or the 2nd data entry value to be able to continue. After the second data entry was completed successfully, the data entry program placed a mark in the database in order to enable the checking of whether this process had been completed for each and every case.

Data Transfer The data entry program was capable of exporting the data that was entered into one compressed database file which could be easily sent to WHO using email attachments or a file transfer program onto a secure server no matter how many cases were in the file. The sites were allowed the use of as many computers and as many data entry personnel as they wanted. Each computer used for this purpose produced one file and they were merged once they were delivered to WHO with the help of other programs that were built for automating the process. The sites sent the data periodically as they collected it enabling the checking procedures and preliminary analyses in the early stages of the data collection.

Data quality checks Once the data was received it was analyzed for missing information, invalid responses and representativeness. Inconsistencies were also noted and reported back to sites.

Data Cleaning and Feedback After receipt of cleaned data from sites, another program was run to check for missing information, incorrect information (e.g. wrong use of center codes), duplicated data, etc. The output of this program was fed back to sites regularly. Mainly, this consisted of cases with duplicate IDs, duplicate cases (where the data for two respondents with different IDs were identical), wrong country codes, missing age, sex, education and some other important variables.

National Survey of Giving, Volunteering, and Participating (NSGVP) which was undertaken to better understand how Canadians support individuals and communities on their own or through their involvement with charitable and nonprofit organizations. The NSGVP was conducted as a supplement to the Labour Force Survey in November 1997. For this survey, thousands of Canadians aged 15 and over were asked how they: gave money and other resources to individuals and to organizations; volunteered time to help others and to enhance their communities; and participated in the practices which help give substance to active citizenship. The results from this survey allow this report to tell a story about who Canada's volunteers, charitable donors and civic participators are and the ways in which they contribute to our society.

Phoenix Strategic Perspectives Inc. (Phoenix SPI) was commissioned by the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) to conduct a telephone survey of Canadian businesses on privacy-related issues. The Privacy Commissioner of Canada is an advocate for the privacy rights of Canadians, with the powers to investigate complaints and conduct audits under two federal laws; publicly report on the personal information-handling practices of public and private sector organizations; and conduct research into privacy issues. The purpose of this research is to better understand the extent to which businesses are familiar with privacy issues and requirements, and to learn more about the types of privacy policies and practices that they have in place, as well as their privacy information needs. The research will also be used to inform and guide the OPC's outreach efforts with businesses. A 15-minute telephone survey was administered to 751 companies across Canada from January 12 to February 18, 2022. The target respondents were senior decision makers with responsibility and knowledge of their company’s privacy and security practices. Businesses were divided by size for sampling purposes: small businesses (1-19 employees); medium-sized businesses (20-99 employees); and large businesses (100+ employees). The sample source was Dun & Bradstreet (D&B Canada). Note that the target sample size was intended to be 1,000 interviews, as with previous waves of this survey: 500 with small businesses, 300 with medium-sized businesses, and 200 with large businesses. The target sample size was reduced to 750 interviews at the mid-point of the fieldwork to offset the lower contact rate encountered this year due, in large part, to workplace conditions resulting from the global pandemic.

The Workplace Information and Research Division of the Labour Program conducts an annual survey of labour organizations in Canada that represent bargaining units of 50 or more workers. The survey provides aggregate statistics on union coverage by organization type and affiliation.