The Digital Geomorphic-GIS Map of Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina (1:24,000 scale 2008 mapping) is composed of GIS data layers and GIS tables, and is available in the following GRI-supported GIS data formats: 1.) an ESRI file geodatabase (calo_geomorphology.gdb), a 2.) Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) geopackage, and 3.) 2.2 KMZ/KML file for use in Google Earth, however, this format version of the map is limited in data layers presented and in access to GRI ancillary table information. The file geodatabase format is supported with a 1.) ArcGIS Pro 3.X map file (.mapx) file (calo_geomorphology.mapx) and individual Pro 3.X layer (.lyrx) files (for each GIS data layer). The OGC geopackage is supported with a QGIS project (.qgz) file. Upon request, the GIS data is also available in ESRI shapefile format. Contact Stephanie O'Meara (see contact information below) to acquire the GIS data in these GIS data formats. In addition to the GIS data and supporting GIS files, three additional files comprise a GRI digital geologic-GIS dataset or map: 1.) a readme file (calo_geology_gis_readme.pdf), 2.) the GRI ancillary map information document (.pdf) file (calo_geomorphology.pdf) which contains geologic unit descriptions, as well as other ancillary map information and graphics from the source map(s) used by the GRI in the production of the GRI digital geologic-GIS data for the park, and 3.) a user-friendly FAQ PDF version of the metadata (calo_geomorphology_metadata_faq.pdf). Please read the calo_geology_gis_readme.pdf for information pertaining to the proper extraction of the GIS data and other map files. Google Earth software is available for free at: https://www.google.com/earth/versions/. QGIS software is available for free at: https://www.qgis.org/en/site/. Users are encouraged to only use the Google Earth data for basic visualization, and to use the GIS data for any type of data analysis or investigation. The data were completed as a component of the Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) program, a National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Division funded program that is administered by the NPS Geologic Resources Division (GRD). For a complete listing of GRI products visit the GRI publications webpage: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/geologic-resources-inventory-products.htm. For more information about the Geologic Resources Inventory Program visit the GRI webpage: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/gri.htm. At the bottom of that webpage is a "Contact Us" link if you need additional information. You may also directly contact the program coordinator, Jason Kenworthy (jason_kenworthy@nps.gov). Source geologic maps and data used to complete this GRI digital dataset were provided by the following: North Carolina Geological Survey. Detailed information concerning the sources used and their contribution the GRI product are listed in the Source Citation section(s) of this metadata record (calo_geomorphology_metadata.txt or calo_geomorphology_metadata_faq.pdf). Users of this data are cautioned about the locational accuracy of features within this dataset. Based on the source map scale of 1:24,000 and United States National Map Accuracy Standards features are within (horizontally) 12.2 meters or 40 feet of their actual location as presented by this dataset. Users of this data should thus not assume the location of features is exactly where they are portrayed in Google Earth, ArcGIS Pro, QGIS or other software used to display this dataset. All GIS and ancillary tables were produced as per the NPS GRI Geology-GIS Geodatabase Data Model v. 2.3. (available at: https://www.nps.gov/articles/gri-geodatabase-model.htm).
These data provide an accurate high-resolution shoreline compiled from imagery of Cape Cod, North Eastham to Race Point, MA . This vector shoreline data is based on an office interpretation of imagery that may be suitable as a geographic information system (GIS) data layer. This metadata describes information for both the line and point shapefiles. The NGS attribution scheme 'Coastal Cartographic Object Attribute Source Table (C-COAST)' was developed to conform the attribution of various sources of shoreline data into one attribution catalog. C-COAST is not a recognized standard, but was influenced by the International Hydrographic Organization's S-57 Object-Attribute standard so the data would be more accurately translated into S-57. This resource is a member of https://inport.nmfs.noaa.gov/inport/item/39808
This dataset includes the spectral (absorption and fluorescence) characteristics of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) coincident with field measurements of hyperspectral water remote sensing reflectance for improved remote sensing algorithm development. Samples were collected within three ecologically distinct but socio-economically vital bays surrounding South Africa's Greater Cape Floristic Region: St Helena Bay, Walker Bay, and Algoa Bay. Data from this and other elements of the BioSCape project can be found via the earthdata portal https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search?q=bioscape&fpj=BioSCape.
These files contain ground-truth data collected in support of Submerged Marine Habitat Mapping at Cape Cod National Seashore. Files include data concerning CTD profiles, sampling locations, sediment grain size, invertebrate samples, indexes of still phots and videos, and field notes.
These data provide an accurate high-resolution shoreline compiled from imagery of Northwestern Unalaska Island, Spray Cape to Cape Kovrizhka, AK . This vector shoreline data is based on an office interpretation of imagery that may be suitable as a geographic information system (GIS) data layer. This metadata describes information for both the line and point shapefiles. The NGS attribution scheme 'Coastal Cartographic Object Attribute Source Table (C-COAST)' was developed to conform the attribution of various sources of shoreline data into one attribution catalog. C-COAST is not a recognized standard, but was influenced by the International Hydrographic Organization's S-57 Object-Attribute standard so the data would be more accurately translated into S-57. This resource is a member of https://inport.nmfs.noaa.gov/inport/item/39808
These data provide an accurate high-resolution shoreline compiled from lidar and imagery of BACK BAYS, FALSE CAPE TO NORFOLK, VA . This vector shoreline data is based on an office interpretation of imagery that may be suitable as a geographic information system (GIS) data layer. This metadata describes information for both the line and point shapefiles. The NGS attribution scheme 'Coastal Cartographic Object Attribute Source Table (C-COAST)' was developed to conform the attribution of various sources of shoreline data into one attribution catalog. C-COAST is not a recognized standard, but was influenced by the International Hydrographic Organization's S-57 Object-Attribute standard so the data would be more accurately translated into S-57. This resource is a member of https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/39808
Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically
Detailed geological mapping at 1:50 000 providing information on such themes as structural geology, mines and mineral deposits, topography and cultural features, hydrogeological features, graphic lithological logs, potential and prospective mines and open cuts and geomorphological units. The map was published in 1977. This data is held in GDA decimal degrees. Show full description
A technical report prepared for the Cape Cod Cooperative Extension with funding through the Massachusetts Seaport Economic Council, describing storm tide pathways, mapping methods and results for Cape Cod Bay.The mapping of storm tide pathways provides town staff and the public with contemporary information on the location of the potential pathways that can, depending on the magnitude of a storm, convey coastal flood waters inland enabling communities to respond to real time events and address future inundation. Storm tide pathways describe spatially how coastal waters will flow inland during a flooding event associated with storm surge, extreme high tides, or sea level rise.
These data provide an accurate high-resolution shoreline compiled from imagery of KODIAK ISLAND, CAPE IZHUT TO CAPE UGAT, AK . This vector shoreline data is based on an office interpretation of imagery that may be suitable as a geographic information system (GIS) data layer. This metadata describes information for both the line and point shapefiles. The NGS attribution scheme 'Coastal Cartogr...
These data provide an accurate high-resolution shoreline compiled from imagery of CAPE NEWENHAM, AK . This vector shoreline data is based on an office interpretation of imagery that may be suitable as a geographic information system (GIS) data layer. This metadata describes information for both the line and point shapefiles. The NGS attribution scheme 'Coastal Cartographic Object Attribute So...
The files linked to this reference are the geospatial data created as part of the completion of the baseline vegetation inventory project for the NPS park unit. Current format is ArcGIS file geodatabase but older formats may exist as shapefiles. Twenty-two map classes were developed to map the vegetation and general land cover of Cape Lookout and surrounding areas. These maps included the following: 13 map classes representing natural/semi-natural vegetation at the association level in the National Vegetation Classification System (NVCS), one map class representing cultural vegetation (e.g., developed) in the NVCS, and eight map classes representing non-vegetated units (e.g., open water bodies, buildings, roads, etc.). Features were interpreted using 1:12,000 scale digital color-infrared aerial photography (flown 31 May 2009) through heads-up-digitizing in ArcGIS (Version 10.0, © 2010 Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, California). Polygons were mapped to a 0.5- hectare minimum mapping unit (MMU). A geodatabase containing various feature class layers and tables show the locations of vegetation types and general land cover (vegetation map), vegetation plot samples, AA sites, project boundary extent, and aerial photographic centers.
Compilation of GPS data gathered by City staff and volunteers, utilizing handheld GPS units with a level of accuracy <5 meters. This file does not include all protected wildlife located within the City, as a street by street survey has not been completed since 2009. This file is updated frequently as new species locations are reported to the City. The data is current on the date of download only. Although the data points were valid at the time they were collected, use of this data is not guaranteed to include all protected wildlife locations within the City. The intended use of this data is a guide. Ground truthing must be utilized to guarantee protected species are not located on a property and are not impacted by land clearing or construction activities.
The Digital Geomorphic-GIS Map of Cape Hatteras National Seashore (1:24,000 scale 2007 mapping), North Carolina is composed of GIS data layers and GIS tables, and is available in the following GRI-supported GIS data formats: 1.) a 10.1 file geodatabase (caha_geomorphology.gdb), a 2.) Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) geopackage, and 3.) 2.2 KMZ/KML file for use in Google Earth, however, this format version of the map is limited in data layers presented and in access to GRI ancillary table information. The file geodatabase format is supported with a 1.) ArcGIS Pro map file (.mapx) file (caha_geomorphology.mapx) and individual Pro layer (.lyrx) files (for each GIS data layer), as well as with a 2.) 10.1 ArcMap (.mxd) map document (caha_geomorphology.mxd) and individual 10.1 layer (.lyr) files (for each GIS data layer). The OGC geopackage is supported with a QGIS project (.qgz) file. Upon request, the GIS data is also available in ESRI 10.1 shapefile format. Contact Stephanie O'Meara (see contact information below) to acquire the GIS data in these GIS data formats. In addition to the GIS data and supporting GIS files, three additional files comprise a GRI digital geologic-GIS dataset or map: 1.) A GIS readme file (caha_fora_wrbr_geology_gis_readme.pdf), 2.) the GRI ancillary map information document (.pdf) file (caha_fora_wrbr_geomorphology.pdf) which contains geologic unit descriptions, as well as other ancillary map information and graphics from the source map(s) used by the GRI in the production of the GRI digital geologic-GIS data for the park, and 3.) a user-friendly FAQ PDF version of the metadata (caha_geomorphology_metadata_faq.pdf). Please read the caha_fora_wrbr_geology_gis_readme.pdf for information pertaining to the proper extraction of the GIS data and other map files. Google Earth software is available for free at: https://www.google.com/earth/versions/. QGIS software is available for free at: https://www.qgis.org/en/site/. Users are encouraged to only use the Google Earth data for basic visualization, and to use the GIS data for any type of data analysis or investigation. The data were completed as a component of the Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) program, a National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Division funded program that is administered by the NPS Geologic Resources Division (GRD). For a complete listing of GRI products visit the GRI publications webpage: For a complete listing of GRI products visit the GRI publications webpage: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/geologic-resources-inventory-products.htm. For more information about the Geologic Resources Inventory Program visit the GRI webpage: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/gri,htm. At the bottom of that webpage is a "Contact Us" link if you need additional information. You may also directly contact the program coordinator, Jason Kenworthy (jason_kenworthy@nps.gov). Source geologic maps and data used to complete this GRI digital dataset were provided by the following: North Carolina Geological Survey. Detailed information concerning the sources used and their contribution the GRI product are listed in the Source Citation section(s) of this metadata record (caha_geomorphology_metadata.txt or caha_geomorphology_metadata_faq.pdf). Users of this data are cautioned about the locational accuracy of features within this dataset. Based on the source map scale of 1:24,000 and United States National Map Accuracy Standards features are within (horizontally) 12.2 meters or 40 feet of their actual location as presented by this dataset. Users of this data should thus not assume the location of features is exactly where they are portrayed in Google Earth, ArcGIS, QGIS or other software used to display this dataset. All GIS and ancillary tables were produced as per the NPS GRI Geology-GIS Geodatabase Data Model v. 2.3. (available at: https://www.nps.gov/articles/gri-geodatabase-model.htm).
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License information was derived automatically
BackgroundThis project was supported by the NASA BioSCape Project: “Impacts of Invasive Alien Species on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning”. The training data used to produce this classification are also available. This dataset consists of a raw, unprocessed classification map of key woody invasive alien plant taxa (hereafter “trees”) within the Cape Floristic Region. This classification was generated using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery at a 10 m resolution using a Random Forest machine learning classifier. There has been no post-processing, and therefore it should be used with caution, especially in combination with the uncertainty layer provided.Dataset specificationsData type: Raster (tiff)Resolution: 10 mGeographic Coordinate System: WGS 1984Projected Coordinate System: Albers Equal Area projection (AEA)There is no EPSG for this, however the Well-Known Text (WKT) for this projected coordinate system is as follows:var wktAEA = 'PROJCS["AEA_RSA_WGS84",' +'GEOGCS["GCS_WGS_1984",' +'DATUM["D_WGS_1984",' +'SPHEROID["WGS_1984",6378137.0,298.257223563]],' +'PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],' +'UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],' +'PROJECTION["Albers"],' +'PARAMETER["False_Easting",0.0],' +'PARAMETER["False_Northing",0.0],' +'PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",25.0],' +'PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_1",-24.0],' +'PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_2",-33.0],' +'PARAMETER["Latitude_Of_Origin",0.0],' +'UNIT["Meter",1.0]]';BandsThis raster has two bands, the details of which are described in Table 1.ClassesSix classes of woody invasive alien plants were mapped in this classification (Table 2). This classification goes to genus level only and gives only presence/absence information together with information on uncertainty. Some classes were much harder to map than others and hence have higher uncertainty, such as Poplar and Hakea. A class was added for all the other invasive alien taxa which had large coverage though not enough for their own classes: “Other”.
Seagrass beds are critical wetlands components of shallow marine ecosystems along the Massachusetts coastline. Seagrass beds provide food and cover for a great variety of commercially and recreationally important fauna and their prey. The leaf canopy of the seagrass bed calms the water, filters suspended matter and together with extensive roots and rhizomes, stabilizes sediment. Seagrasses are often referred to as "Submerged Aquatic Vegetation" or SAV. This distinguishes them from algae, which are not classified as plants by biologists (rather they are often placed in the kingdom protista), and distinguishes them from the "emergent" saltwater plants found in salt marshes.
In Massachusetts, the dominant SAV is Zostera marina or eelgrass. The other species found in the embayments of the Massachusetts coast is Ruppia maritima, commonly called “widgeon grass,” which is present in areas of less salinity along Cape Cod and Buzzards Bay. Widgeon grass, found in the upper reaches of embayments, has a thread-like morphology that makes it difficult to identify using remotely sensed data. It can only be identified and located by on-site survey.
The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) began a program to map the state's SAV resources in the early 1990s and since 1995 the MassDEP Eelgrass Mapping Project has produced multiple surveys of SAV along the Massachusetts coastline, as listed here:
PhaseProject YearsProject Area11995Entire MA Coast22001Coast-wide MA Coast except Elizabeth Islands (Gosnold) and Mount Hope Bay32006/07Selected embayments, coast-wide including Elizabeth Islands42010-20132010 - South Shore of Cape Cod: Woods Hole to Chatham, selected embayments, Pleasant Bay;2012 - North Shore, Boston Harbor, South Shore to Provincetown;2013 - Buzzards Bay, Elizabeth Islands, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket52015-20172015 - South Shore of Cape Cod, Pleasant Bay, Nantucket;2016 - North Shore, Boston Harbor, South Shore to Canal;2017 - Buzzards Bay, North Shore of Cape Cod, Elizabeth Islands and Martha's Vineyard62019-20232019 - South Shore of Cape Cod, Pleasant Bay, North Shore of Nantucket2020 - Martha’s Vineyard, Buzzards Bay and Elizabeth Islands 2021 - Cape Cod Bay (Provincetown through Duxbury) 2022 - South Shore, Boston Harbor, North Shore (Marshfield through Rockport)2023 - Cape Ann to the New Hampshire border (Essex through Newburyport)
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These data provide an accurate high-resolution shoreline compiled from imagery of GULF OF MAINE, CAPE SMALL TO PEMAQUID POINT, ME . This vector shoreline data is based on an office interpretation of imagery that may be suitable as a geographic information system (GIS) data layer. This metadata describes information for both the line and point shapefiles. The NGS attribution scheme 'Coastal Cartographic Object Attribute Source Table (C-COAST)' was developed to conform the attribution of various sources of shoreline data into one attribution catalog. C-COAST is not a recognized standard, but was influenced by the International Hydrographic Organization's S-57 Object-Attribute standard so the data would be more accurately translated into S-57. This resource is a member of https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/39808
Contour lines connect a series of points of equal elevation and are used to illustrate topography, or relief, on a map and can be drawn at various desired intervals. This dataset displays contours drawn at every 5m height interval. Numerous contours that are close together indicate hilly or mountainous terrain; and when far apart, they represent a gentler slope. The contours were derived from LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data that was captured in 2 blocks in the years 2021 and 2023. The southern half of the City was flown in Jan 2023 and the northern half was flown in Dec 2021. The point cloud has a density of 10 points per square metre and a vertical accuracy of 0.1m (95%). The contours are derived through bipolar interpolation from the 5m DEM (raster) model. The height reference used is the SA Land Levelling Datum.All spatial layers are served live from internal systems, an item's "Last Updated" or "Publish Date" refers to the Metadata only.REST Endpoint access: https://citymaps.capetown.gov.za/agsext1/rest/services/Theme_Based/Open_Data_Service/FeatureServer/15
These data provide an accurate high-resolution shoreline compiled from imagery of Kotzebue Sound, Cape Krusenstern to Cape Blossom, AK . This vector shoreline data is based on an office interpretation of imagery that may be suitable as a geographic information system (GIS) data layer. This metadata describes information for both the line and point shapefiles. The NGS attribution scheme 'Coast...
On shallow rocky reefs in northeastern Aotearoa, New Zealand, urchin barrens are recognised as indicators of the ecosystem effects of overfishing reef predators. Yet, information on their extent and variability is lacking. We use aerial imagery to map the urchin barrens and kelp forests on reefs (<30 m depth) across seven locations, including within two long-established marine reserves and a marine protected area that allows recreational fishing. Urchin barrens were present in all locations and were restricted to reefs <10-16 m deep. This archive contains ArcGIS shapefiles and layer files for all of the maps used in this study. The study area extends from Cape Reinga in the far north of the North Island to Tawharanui in the Hauraki Gulf near Auckland. Regional scale base maps of the prominent marine habitats were included along with the seven fine-scale maps where the kelp forests and urchin barrens were mapped., The GIS shapefiles produced in this study were hand-drawn over layers of low-level aerial photography taken in specific conditions, which maximised the visible depth observable to create polygons to depict the habitat boundaries of the shallow reef. Of particular interest was the mapping of urchin barrens. Ground truthing surveys creating point data and underwater imagery were also brought into the GIS project to assist in drawing the reef habitat polygons. Arc layer files contain a common symbology across the seven study maps to aid the interpretation of the mapping. Further information on the methodology used in the mapping can be found in two published papers and four technical reports corresponding to the maps. The Readme file details where technical reports and published reports can be downloaded from the internet., , # GIS data of urchin barren mapping in Northeastern New Zealand
GIS mapping resources supporting the research article: Kerr, V.C. Grace R.V. (deceased), and Shears N.T., 2004. Estimating the extent of urchin barrens and kelp forest loss in northeastern Aotearoa, New Zealand. Kerr and Associates, Whangarei, New Zealand.
Four folders in this archive contain ArcGIS shapefiles with the extension (.shp). The shapefiles can be uploaded to ArcGIS or any ArcGIS-compatible software to view and access the files' spatial data and habitat attributes. It is essential to retain the associated files in each folder as these are system files required by ArcGIS to open and use the shapefiles. Each shapefile has six associated files with extensions: .avi, .CPG, .dbf, .prf, .sbn, and .sbx. In this archive are maps based on polygons drawn to depict habitat boundaries of biological and physical habitats in the shallow coastal areas of Northeastern New Zealan...
These data provide an accurate high-resolution shoreline compiled from imagery of CASTLE CAPE AND KUIUKTA BAY, AK . This vector shoreline data is based on an office interpretation of imagery that may be suitable as a geographic information system (GIS) data layer. This metadata describes information for both the line and point shapefiles. The NGS attribution scheme 'Coastal Cartographic Object Attribute Source Table (C-COAST)' was developed to conform the attribution of various sources of shoreline data into one attribution catalog. C-COAST is not a recognized standard, but was influenced by the International Hydrographic Organization's S-57 Object-Attribute standard so the data would be more accurately translated into S-57. This resource is a member of https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/39808
The Digital Geomorphic-GIS Map of Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina (1:24,000 scale 2008 mapping) is composed of GIS data layers and GIS tables, and is available in the following GRI-supported GIS data formats: 1.) an ESRI file geodatabase (calo_geomorphology.gdb), a 2.) Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) geopackage, and 3.) 2.2 KMZ/KML file for use in Google Earth, however, this format version of the map is limited in data layers presented and in access to GRI ancillary table information. The file geodatabase format is supported with a 1.) ArcGIS Pro 3.X map file (.mapx) file (calo_geomorphology.mapx) and individual Pro 3.X layer (.lyrx) files (for each GIS data layer). The OGC geopackage is supported with a QGIS project (.qgz) file. Upon request, the GIS data is also available in ESRI shapefile format. Contact Stephanie O'Meara (see contact information below) to acquire the GIS data in these GIS data formats. In addition to the GIS data and supporting GIS files, three additional files comprise a GRI digital geologic-GIS dataset or map: 1.) a readme file (calo_geology_gis_readme.pdf), 2.) the GRI ancillary map information document (.pdf) file (calo_geomorphology.pdf) which contains geologic unit descriptions, as well as other ancillary map information and graphics from the source map(s) used by the GRI in the production of the GRI digital geologic-GIS data for the park, and 3.) a user-friendly FAQ PDF version of the metadata (calo_geomorphology_metadata_faq.pdf). Please read the calo_geology_gis_readme.pdf for information pertaining to the proper extraction of the GIS data and other map files. Google Earth software is available for free at: https://www.google.com/earth/versions/. QGIS software is available for free at: https://www.qgis.org/en/site/. Users are encouraged to only use the Google Earth data for basic visualization, and to use the GIS data for any type of data analysis or investigation. The data were completed as a component of the Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) program, a National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Division funded program that is administered by the NPS Geologic Resources Division (GRD). For a complete listing of GRI products visit the GRI publications webpage: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/geologic-resources-inventory-products.htm. For more information about the Geologic Resources Inventory Program visit the GRI webpage: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/gri.htm. At the bottom of that webpage is a "Contact Us" link if you need additional information. You may also directly contact the program coordinator, Jason Kenworthy (jason_kenworthy@nps.gov). Source geologic maps and data used to complete this GRI digital dataset were provided by the following: North Carolina Geological Survey. Detailed information concerning the sources used and their contribution the GRI product are listed in the Source Citation section(s) of this metadata record (calo_geomorphology_metadata.txt or calo_geomorphology_metadata_faq.pdf). Users of this data are cautioned about the locational accuracy of features within this dataset. Based on the source map scale of 1:24,000 and United States National Map Accuracy Standards features are within (horizontally) 12.2 meters or 40 feet of their actual location as presented by this dataset. Users of this data should thus not assume the location of features is exactly where they are portrayed in Google Earth, ArcGIS Pro, QGIS or other software used to display this dataset. All GIS and ancillary tables were produced as per the NPS GRI Geology-GIS Geodatabase Data Model v. 2.3. (available at: https://www.nps.gov/articles/gri-geodatabase-model.htm).