Global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels and industry totaled 37.01 billion metric tons (GtCO₂) in 2023. Emissions are projected to have risen 1.08 percent in 2024 to reach a record high of 37.41 GtCO₂. Since 1990, global CO₂ emissions have increased by more than 60 percent. Who are the biggest emitters? The biggest contributor to global GHG emissions is China, followed by the United States. China wasn't always the world's biggest emitter, but rapid economic growth and industrialization in recent decades have seen emissions there soar. Since 1990, CO₂ emissions in China have increased by almost 450 percent. By comparison, U.S. CO₂ emissions have fallen by 6.1 percent. Nevertheless, the North American country remains the biggest carbon polluter in history. Global events cause emissions to drop The outbreak of COVID-19 caused global CO₂ emissions to plummet some 5.5 percent in 2020 as a result of lockdowns and other restrictions. However, this wasn't the only time in recent history when a major global event caused emissions reductions. For example, the global recession resulted in CO₂ levels to fall by almost two percent in 2009, while the recession in the early 1980s also had a notable impact on emissions. On a percentage basis, the largest annual reduction was at the end of the Second World War in 1945, when emissions decreased by 17 percent.

Energy consumption in the United States produced 4.8 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide (GtCO₂) in 2024 - a decrease of 0.4 percent from the previous year. U.S. CO₂ emissions from energy consumption have fallen by approximately 20 percent since 2005. Sources of emissions in the U.S. The main source of CO₂ emissions in the U.S. is the transportation sector. For many years, the power sector was the country’s biggest contributor to CO₂ emissions, but the transition towards cleaner energy sources and a shift away from coal-fired power generation – the most carbon intensive fossil fuel – have slashed emissions from this sector. Meanwhile, transportation emissions have continued to rise, except for an unprecedented drop in 2020 due to the outbreak of COVID-19. U.S. transportation emissions The U.S. is the biggest contributor to global transportation emissions by far. The states with the largest transportation-related emissions in the U.S. are Texas and California, which combined account for almost one quarter of total U.S. transportation emissions.

In 2023, China was the biggest carbon polluter in the world by far, having released 11.9 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide (GtCO₂). Although the U.S. was the second-biggest emitter, with 4.9 GtCO₂ in 2023, its CO₂ emissions have declined by 13 percent since 2010. By comparison, China’s CO₂ emissions have increased by more than 38 percent in the same period. Cumulative emissions Although China is currently the world's largest carbon polluter, the U.S. has released far more historical carbon dioxide emissions, at more than 400 GtCO₂ since 1750. The wide gap between the two countries is because China's emissions have mostly been produced in the past two decades. Combined, the U.S. and China account for roughly 40 percent of cumulative CO₂ emissions since the Industrial Revolution began. Sources of emissions One of the largest sources of global CO₂ emissions is the power sector, with electricity produced by coal-fired power plants a significant contributor. In China, emissions from coal-fired electricity generation have soared since the turn of the century, and reached 5.2 GtCO₂ in 2023.

The continuous increase of carbon emissions is a serious challenge all over the world, and many countries are striving to solve this problem. Since 2020, a widespread lockdown in the country to prevent the spread of COVID-19 escalated, severely restricting the movement of people and unnecessary economic activities, which unexpectedly reduced carbon emissions. This paper aims to analyze the carbon emissions data of 30 provinces in the 2020 and provide references for reducing emissions with epidemic lockdown measures. Based on the method of time series visualization, we transform the time series data into complex networks to find out the hidden information in these data. We found that the lockdown would bring about a short-term decrease in carbon emissions, and most provinces have a short time point of impact, which is closely related to the level of economic development and industrial structure. The current results provide some insights into the evolution of carbon emissions under COVID-19 blockade measures and valuable insights into energy conservation and response to the energy crisis in the post-epidemic era.

Graph and download economic data for Industrial Carbon Dioxide Emissions, All Fuels for Texas (EMISSCO2TOTVICTOTXA) from 1970 to 2021 about carbon dioxide emissions, fuels, TX, industry, and USA.

Trends of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide measurements from the Mauna Loa Baseline Observatory, Hawaii, United States.

Graph and download economic data for Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions From All Sectors, All Fuels for Virginia (EMISSCO2TOTVTTTOVAA) from 1970 to 2021 about carbon dioxide emissions, fuels, sector, VA, and USA.

Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions From All Sectors, Coal for West Virginia was 60.61629 Mil. Metric Tons CO2 in January of 2021, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions From All Sectors, Coal for West Virginia reached a record high of 94.62674 in January of 2002 and a record low of 51.62246 in January of 2020. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions From All Sectors, Coal for West Virginia - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on August of 2025.

The average American was responsible for emitting 13.8 metric tons of carbon dioxide (tCO₂) in 2023. U.S. per capita fossil CO₂ emissions have fallen by more than 30 percent since 1990. Global per capita emission comparisons Despite per capita emissions in the U.S. falling notably in recent decades, they remain roughly three times above global average per capita CO₂ emissions. In fact, the average American emits more CO₂ in one day than the average Somalian does throughout the entire year. Additionally, while China is now the world’s biggest emitter, the average Chinese citizen’s annual carbon footprint is roughly half the average American’s. Which U.S. state has the largest carbon footprint? Per capita energy-related CO₂ emissions in the U.S. vary greatly by state. Wyoming was the biggest CO₂ emitter per capita in 2022, with 97 tCO₂ per person. The least-populated state’s high per capita emissions are mainly due to its heavily polluting coal industry. In contrast, New Yorkers had the one of the smallest carbon footprints in 2022, at less than nine tCO₂ per person.

Thematic area - Climate change Name of Indicator - Greenhouse gas emission DPSIR - Pressure Indicator type - B – performance indicator Definition of the indicator The indicator shows the quantities of greenhouse gas emissions into atmosphere on national level. The emissions are presented by greenhouse gas type. The indicator provides information on emissions in the following sectors: energy, industrial processes and solvents, agriculture, waste and net removals from land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF). Annual aggregated GHG per capita, per km2 and per unit of GDP. Units - Mt/year CO2 equivalent Policy relevance of the indicator: The Republic of Moldova is a non-Annex I Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (ratified in 1995). In 2003 Moldova ratified the Kyoto Protocol. Government of the of the Republic of Moldova adopted Environment Strategy for the period 2014-2023 (Government Decision #301 from 24.04.2014) and Strategy on adaptation to climate change till 2020 and it’s Action Plan (Government Decision #1009 from 10.12.2014). Targets: According to Copenhagen Agreement, Republic of Moldova aims to reduce, to not less than 25% compared to the base year (1990), the total national level of greenhouse gas emissions by 2020, by implementing economic mechanisms focused on global climate change mitigation, in accordance with the principles and provisions of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Environmental Protection Strategy for the years 2014-2023 and the Action Plan for its implementation states that a 20 % GHG emissions reduction compared to the base line scenario has to be reached in the Republic of Moldova by 2020. Republic of Moldova’s iNDC states to reduce unconditional, by 2030, total emissions of national greenhouse gas emissions net, with no less than 67% compared to 1990, in support of the global effort on the trend of increasing global average temperature by 2100 in limit of up to 2 ° C. The objective of reducing emissions could increase up to 78% conditionally - according to an overall agreement that would address important issues such as financial resources with low costs, technology transfer and technical cooperation. Key question - What is the average trend of GHG emissions for the whole period? Specific question - What are the emission changes by sectors, by GHG, per capita, per km2, per unit of GDP? Assessment The base year for Republic of Moldova is 1990. The inventory data presents that for base year the total emissions of GHG in CO2 equivalent are 43,42 without net removals from LULUCF sector and 37,53 aggregated emissions including emissions/removals from LULUCF. For 1991-2013 (the last Inventory data) the net GHG emissions without/with removals decrease respectively from 43,42/37,53 Mt/year CO2 equivalent to 12,84/12,74 Mt/year CO2 equivalent compared with base year. This constitutes a reducing of GHG emissions with 30% and respectively 33% comparing with base year. Figure 1 presents the trend of the aggregated emissions (without and with LULUCF sector). Table 1 presents the aggregated emissions (without and with LULUCF sector), the main GHG emissions and the share of the total emissions compare with the base year. The analysis of the inventory presents that for the base year the big share of GHG type has CO2 emission (81%), followed by CH4 emissions (11%) and N2O emissions (7%). The trend is the same for the next years. So, in 2013 the share of CO2 emissions continue to be the highest (65%), CH4 emissions are the second with 21% and the third one are N2O emissions with 13% share from total emissions. The difference between 1990 and 2013 is the share from total emissions between these GHG. During 1990-2010 the share of CO2 emissions decreases, while the share of CH4 and NO2 increase. Nevertheless, during 1990-2013 the emissions of GHG decrease: CO2 emissions with 23,6%, CH4 with 55,3% and N2O with 52,1% (see Figure 2). Halocarbons emissions (HFCs, PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) emissions have been registered in the Republic of Moldova starting with 1995. This year is considered as a reference year for F-gases (HFCs, PFCs and SF6). Evolution of these emissions denotes a steady trend towards increase in the last years, though their share in the total national emissions structure is insignificant. The observed sectors in inventory are energy sector, industrial process, solvent and other product use, agriculture, land use, land use change, forestry and waste. The total GHG emissions by sectors are presented in Table 2 and the trend is presented in Figure 3. In general, Energy Sector has the greatest contribution to national GHG emissions, with an average share of 70% in 1990 and 65% in 2013 (see Figure 4 and Figure 5). Agriculture Sector was the second sector contributor with an average share of 10%, followed by Industrial Processes with average share of 4% for 1990. The trend of the share of different sectors for 2013 has changed and Industrial Processes has been replaced by Waste Sector with a share of 12% from the total emissions. Figure 6 shows that starting with 1992 till 2004 there was a reduction of total GHG emissions from the Waste Sector. This trend is explained by the economic decline that occurred in the Republic of Moldova during the period under review, by a significant drop in the wellbeing of population, and respectively, capacity to generate solid and other types of wastes. At the same time, starting with 2005, there has been a clear growing trend of direct GHG emissions from the Waste Sector. The main indicator for the assessment of the GHG emissions in the international aspects are GHG per capita. The emission of GHG per capita decrease from 9,95 tons CO2 equivalent in 1990 to 3,16 tons CO2 equivalent in 2013. The lower level was during 2007 – 2.18 tons CO2 equivalent per capita (see Figure 7). For comparison the average European level of this indicator is 9.4 tons CO2 equivalent per capita in 2013. The emission of the GHG are directly linked with economic growth of the country, because with increasing of economic activity the consumption of energy and resources increase to. For the period 1990 to 2013 aggregated GHG emissions per unit of GDP decrease from 4.39 tons CO2 equivalent to 1.91 tons CO2 equivalent. Between 1990 to 2007 emissions of GDP in the most European countries decrease for more than 30%. The trend in the aggregated GHG emissions per km2 is the same as the trends of GHG emission per capita and per GDP (see Figure 7). Key messages: For the period 1990 to 2013: • the total emission throughout the inventory have decrease with 30%. • the emissions of the GHG per capita decrease with 32%. • the energy sector has the greatest contribution to national GHG emissions. Trend - positive. Data coverage - 1990-2013 Data source - Republic of Moldova’s Third National Communication to United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Ministry of Environment. Methodology To calculate GHG emissions as well as GHG inventories, the methodology provided by UNFCCC/IPCC is used. Methodology is based on the calculation of GHGs as a product from the rate of activity for individual sectors and emission factors. The national inventory is structured to match the reporting requirement of the UNFCCC and is divided into six main sectors: (1) Energy, (2) Industrial Processes, (3) Solvents and Other Products Use, (4) Agriculture, (5) Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry and (6) Waste. Emissions of direct (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs and SF6) and indirect (NOx, CO, NMVOC, SO2) greenhouse gases were estimated based on methodologies contained in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Reporting obligations - UNFCCC

Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions From All Sectors, Natural Gas for Virginia was 36.75603 Mil. Metric Tons CO2 in January of 2021, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions From All Sectors, Natural Gas for Virginia reached a record high of 39.33515 in January of 2020 and a record low of 6.32923 in January of 1977. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions From All Sectors, Natural Gas for Virginia - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on August of 2025.

Industrial Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Coal for Virginia was 3.40142 Mil. Metric Tons CO2 in January of 2021, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Industrial Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Coal for Virginia reached a record high of 12.66744 in January of 1991 and a record low of 3.28256 in January of 2020. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Industrial Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Coal for Virginia - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions From All Sectors, Coal for Wisconsin was 27.47323 Mil. Metric Tons CO2 in January of 2021, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions From All Sectors, Coal for Wisconsin reached a record high of 49.92412 in January of 2005 and a record low of 23.87842 in January of 2020. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions From All Sectors, Coal for Wisconsin - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Electric Power Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Natural Gas for Virginia was 21.07797 Mil. Metric Tons CO2 in January of 2021, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Electric Power Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Natural Gas for Virginia reached a record high of 24.81252 in January of 2020 and a record low of 0.02800 in January of 1976. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Electric Power Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Natural Gas for Virginia - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Electric Power Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Natural Gas for West Virginia was 1.10799 Mil. Metric Tons CO2 in January of 2021, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Electric Power Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Natural Gas for West Virginia reached a record high of 1.18704 in January of 2020 and a record low of 0.00074 in January of 1978. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Electric Power Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Natural Gas for West Virginia - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Industrial Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Petroleum for Virginia was 1.85268 Mil. Metric Tons CO2 in January of 2021, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Industrial Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Petroleum for Virginia reached a record high of 7.65812 in January of 1973 and a record low of 1.57535 in January of 2020. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Industrial Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Petroleum for Virginia - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

In 2023, global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes reached a record high of 37.8 billion metric tons (GtCO₂). Global CO₂ emissions are projected to have reached record levels in 2024. The world has pumped more than 1,800 GtCO₂ into the atmosphere since the industrial revolution began, though almost 45 percent has been produced since 2000. What is carbon dioxide? CO₂ is a colorless, naturally occurring gas that is released after people and animals inhale oxygen. It is a greenhouse gas, meaning it absorbs and releases thermal radiation which in turn creates the “greenhouse effect”. In addition to other greenhouse gases, CO₂ is also a major contributor to the ability of the Earth to maintain a habitable temperature. Without CO₂ and other greenhouse gases, Earth would be too cold to live on. However, while CO₂ alone is not a harmful gas, the abundance of it is what causes climate change. The increased use of electricity, transportation, and deforestation in human society have resulted in the increased emissions of CO₂, which in turn has seen a rise in earth’s temperature. In fact, around 70 percent of global warming since 1851 is attributable to CO₂ emissions from human activities. Who are the largest emitters worldwide? China is the biggest carbon polluter worldwide, having released almost 12 GtCO₂ in 2023. This was more than the combined emissions of the United States and India, the second and third-largest emitters that year, respectively.

EU Carbon Permits fell to 72.66 EUR on July 31, 2025, down 0.27% from the previous day. Over the past month, EU Carbon Permits's price has risen 2.95%, and is up 2.09% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for EU Carbon Permits.