In 2025, the main reasons Poles changed jobs was their excessively low salary, routine, and lack of development opportunities,

In Sweden the highest increase in employment will be in the residential care and social work sector. Between 2021 and 2030, it is expected that this sector will grow by around 93.2 thousand job positions. The education sector will experience the second highest employment change of around 85.6 thousand jobs during that same time period.

In 2033, the number of employees working in healthcare support occupations is projected to increase by 15.2 percent from the number in 2023. Office and administrative support employment, however, is projected to decline 3.5 percent.

United States Employment: NF: sa: Over-the-Month Change: Revision: 3rd-1st data was reported at -49.000 Person th in Feb 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of -32.000 Person th for Jan 2025. United States Employment: NF: sa: Over-the-Month Change: Revision: 3rd-1st data is updated monthly, averaging 10.000 Person th from Jan 1979 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 552 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 437.000 Person th in Nov 2021 and a record low of -672.000 Person th in Mar 2020. United States Employment: NF: sa: Over-the-Month Change: Revision: 3rd-1st data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.G: Current Employment Statistics: Employment: Non Farm Payroll: Seasonally Adjusted.

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR
Jobs by Industry (EC1)

FULL MEASURE NAME
Employment by place of work by industry sector

LAST UPDATED
December 2022

DESCRIPTION
Jobs by industry refers to both the change in employment levels by industry and the proportional mix of jobs by economic sector. This measure reflects the changing industry trends that affect our region’s workers.

DATA SOURCE
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) - https://www.bls.gov/cew/downloadable-data-files.htm
1990-2021

CONTACT INFORMATION
vitalsigns.info@bayareametro.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator)
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) employment data is reported by the place of work and represent the number of covered workers who worked during, or received pay for, the pay period that included the 12th day of the month. Covered employees in the private-sector and in the state and local government include most corporate officials, all executives, all supervisory personnel, all professionals, all clerical workers, many farmworkers, all wage earners, all piece workers and all part-time workers. Workers on paid sick leave, paid holiday, paid vacation and the like are also covered.

Besides excluding the aforementioned national security agencies, QCEW excludes proprietors, the unincorporated self-employed, unpaid family members, certain farm and domestic workers exempted from having to report employment data and railroad workers covered by the railroad unemployment insurance system. Excluded as well are workers who earned no wages during the entire applicable pay period because of work stoppages, temporary layoffs, illness or unpaid vacations.

The location quotient (LQ) is used to evaluate level of concentration or clustering of an industry within the Bay Area and within each county of the region. A location quotient greater than 1 means there is a strong concentration for of jobs in an industry sector. For the Bay Area, the LQ is calculated as the share of the region’s employment in a particular sector divided by the share of California's employment in that same sector. For each county, the LQ is calculated as the share of the county’s employment in a particular sector divided by the share of the region’s employment in that same sector.

Data is mainly pulled from aggregation level 73, which is county-level summarized at the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) supersector level (12 sectors). This aggregation level exhibits the least loss due to data suppression, in the magnitude of 1-2 percent for regional employment, and is therefore preferred. However, the supersectors group together NAICS 11 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting; NAICS 21 Mining and NAICS 23 Construction. To provide a separate tally of Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting, the aggregation level 74 data was used for NAICS codes 11, 21 and 23.

QCEW reports on employment in Public Administration as NAICS 92. However, many government activities are reported with an industry specific code - such as transportation or utilities even if those may be public governmental entities. In 2021 for the Bay Area, the largest industry groupings under public ownership are Education and health services (58%); Public administration (29%) and Trade, transportation, and utilities (29%). With the exception of Education and health services, all other public activities were coded as government/public administration, regardless of industry group.

For the county data there were some industries that reported 0 jobs or did not report jobs at the desired aggregation/NAICS level for the following counties/years:

Farm:
(aggregation level: 74, NAICS code: 11) - Contra Costa: 2008-2010 - Marin: 1990-2006, 2008-2010, 2014-2020 - Napa: 1990-2004, 2013-2021 - San Francisco: 2019-2020 - San Mateo: 2013

Information:
(aggregation level: 73, NAICS code: 51) - Solano: 2001

Financial Activities:
(aggregation level: 73, NAICS codes: 52, 53) - Solano: 2001

Unclassified:
(aggregation level: 73, NAICS code: 99) - All nine Bay Area counties: 1990-2000 - Marin, Napa, San Mateo, and Solano: 2020 - Napa: 2019 - Solano: 2001

In Norway, the highest increase in employment will be in the public administration and defense sector. Between 2021 and 2030, it is expected that this sector will grow by around 60.6 thousand job positions. The legal and accounting sector will experience the second highest employment change of around 49.2 thousand jobs during that same time period.

The net job and business growth indicator measures the annual change in both the number of firms and the number of employees between 1978 and 2022. The data is categorized by the size of the firm: those with 1-19 employees, those with between 20 and 499 employees, and those with more than 500 employees.

This data contributes to the big picture of economic conditions in Champaign County. More firms and larger employment numbers are generally positive economic indicators, but any strictly economic indicator should be considered in the context of other factors.

The number of firms and number of employees show very different trends.

Historically, there have been significantly more firms with 1-19 employees than firms in the larger two size categories. The number of firms with 1-19 employees has also been relatively consistent until 2021: there were 95 fewer such firms in 2021 than 1978, and the largest year-to-year change in that 43-year period of analysis was a -3.2% decrease between 1979 and 1980. However, there were 437 fewer such firms in 2022 than 1978. There was a decrease in these firms of 12.5% from 2021 to 2022, the only double-digit year-to-year change and the largest year-to-year change over 44 years.

The larger two size categories have shown an increasing trend over the period of analysis. There were 43 more firms with 20-499 employees in 2022 than 1978, a total increase of 9%. The number of firms with more than 500 employees almost doubled, increasing by 206 firms from 212 in 1978 to 418 in 2022, a total increase of 97.2%.

The trends of employment also vary based on firm size. Firms with 1-19 employees have consistently, and unsurprisingly, accounted for less of the total employment than the larger two categories. Employment in firms with 1-19 employees has also remained relatively consistent over the period of analysis. Employment in firms with more than 500 employees saw an overall trend of growth, interrupted by brief and intermittent decreases, between 1978 and 2022. Employment in the middle category (firms with between 20 and 499 employees) was also greater in 2022 than in 1978.

This data is from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Business Dynamics Statistics Data Tables. This data is at the geographic scale of the Champaign-Urbana Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which is comprised of Champaign and Piatt Counties, or a larger area than the cities or Champaign County.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau; 2022 Business Dynamics Statistics Data Tables; "BDSFSIZE - Business Dynamics Statistics: Firm Size: 1978-2022"; retrieved 21 October 2024.

United States Employment: NF: sa: Over-the-Month Change: Revision: 3rd-2nd data was reported at -15.000 Person th in Feb 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of -14.000 Person th for Jan 2025. United States Employment: NF: sa: Over-the-Month Change: Revision: 3rd-2nd data is updated monthly, averaging 11.500 Person th from Jan 1979 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 552 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 398.000 Person th in Nov 2021 and a record low of -492.000 Person th in Mar 2020. United States Employment: NF: sa: Over-the-Month Change: Revision: 3rd-2nd data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.G: Current Employment Statistics: Employment: Non Farm Payroll: Seasonally Adjusted.

Mexico Employment: % Change over Previous Period data was reported at 0.714 % in Mar 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.838 % for Feb 2024. Mexico Employment: % Change over Previous Period data is updated monthly, averaging 0.510 % from Aug 2020 (Median) to Mar 2024, with 44 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.228 % in Jul 2021 and a record low of -11.027 % in Apr 2021. Mexico Employment: % Change over Previous Period data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.IMF.IFS: Labour Force, Employment and Unemployment.

Background
The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a unique source of information using international definitions of employment and unemployment and economic inactivity, together with a wide range of related topics such as occupation, training, hours of work and personal characteristics of household members aged 16 years and over. It is used to inform social, economic and employment policy. The LFS was first conducted biennially from 1973-1983. Between 1984 and 1991 the survey was carried out annually and consisted of a quarterly survey conducted throughout the year and a 'boost' survey in the spring quarter (data were then collected seasonally). From 1992 quarterly data were made available, with a quarterly sample size approximately equivalent to that of the previous annual data. The survey then became known as the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS). From December 1994, data gathering for Northern Ireland moved to a full quarterly cycle to match the rest of the country, so the QLFS then covered the whole of the UK (though some additional annual Northern Ireland LFS datasets are also held at the UK Data Archive). Further information on the background to the QLFS may be found in the documentation.

Household datasets
Up to 2015, the LFS household datasets were produced twice a year (April-June and October-December) from the corresponding quarter's individual-level data. From January 2015 onwards, they are now produced each quarter alongside the main QLFS. The household datasets include all the usual variables found in the individual-level datasets, with the exception of those relating to income, and are intended to facilitate the analysis of the economic activity patterns of whole households. It is recommended that the existing individual-level LFS datasets continue to be used for any analysis at individual level, and that the LFS household datasets be used for analysis involving household or family-level data. From January 2011, a pseudonymised household identifier variable (HSERIALP) is also included in the main quarterly LFS dataset instead.

Change to coding of missing values for household series
From 1996-2013, all missing values in the household datasets were set to one '-10' category instead of the separate '-8' and '-9' categories. For that period, the ONS introduced a new imputation process for the LFS household datasets and it was necessary to code the missing values into one new combined category ('-10'), to avoid over-complication. This was also in line with the Annual Population Survey household series of the time. The change was applied to the back series during 2010 to ensure continuity for analytical purposes. From 2013 onwards, the -8 and -9 categories have been reinstated.

LFS Documentation
The documentation available from the Archive to accompany LFS datasets largely consists of the latest version of each volume alongside the appropriate questionnaire for the year concerned. However, LFS volumes are updated periodically by ONS, so users are advised to check the ONS LFS User Guidance page before commencing analysis.

Additional data derived from the QLFS
The Archive also holds further QLFS series: End User Licence (EUL) quarterly datasets; Secure Access datasets (see below); two-quarter and five-quarter longitudinal datasets; quarterly, annual and ad hoc module datasets compiled for Eurostat; and some additional annual Northern Ireland datasets.

End User Licence and Secure Access QLFS Household datasets
Users should note that there are two discrete versions of the QLFS household datasets. One is available under the standard End User Licence (EUL) agreement, and the other is a Secure Access version. Secure Access household datasets for the QLFS are available from 2009 onwards, and include additional, detailed variables not included in the standard EUL versions. Extra variables that typically can be found in the Secure Access versions but not in the EUL versions relate to: geography; date of birth, including day; education and training; household and family characteristics; employment; unemployment and job hunting; accidents at work and work-related health problems; nationality, national identity and country of birth; occurrence of learning difficulty or disability; and benefits. For full details of variables included, see data dictionary documentation. The Secure Access version (see SN 7674) has more restrictive access conditions than those made available under the standard EUL. Prospective users will need to gain ONS Accredited Researcher status, complete an extra application form and demonstrate to the data owners exactly why they need access to the additional variables. Users are strongly advised to first obtain the standard EUL version of the data to see if they are sufficient for their research requirements.

Changes to variables in QLFS Household EUL datasets
In order to further protect respondent confidentiality, ONS have made some changes to variables available in the EUL datasets. From July-September 2015 onwards, 4-digit industry class is available for main job only, meaning that 3-digit industry group is the most detailed level available for second and last job.

Review of imputation methods for LFS Household data - changes to missing values
A review of the imputation methods used in LFS Household and Family analysis resulted in a change from the January-March 2015 quarter onwards. It was no longer considered appropriate to impute any personal characteristic variables (e.g. religion, ethnicity, country of birth, nationality, national identity, etc.) using the LFS donor imputation method. This method is primarily focused to ensure the 'economic status' of all individuals within a household is known, allowing analysis of the combined economic status of households. This means that from 2015 larger amounts of missing values ('-8'/-9') will be present in the data for these personal characteristic variables than before. Therefore if users need to carry out any time series analysis of households/families which also includes personal characteristic variables covering this time period, then it is advised to filter off 'ioutcome=3' cases from all periods to remove this inconsistent treatment of non-responders.

Occupation data for 2021 and 2022 data files

The ONS has identified an issue with the collection of some occupational data in 2021 and 2022 data files in a number of their surveys. While they estimate any impacts will be small overall, this will affect the accuracy of the breakdowns of some detailed (four-digit Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)) occupations, and data derived from them. Further information can be found in the ONS article published on 11 July 2023: https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/revisionofmiscodedoccupationaldataintheonslabourforcesurveyuk/january2021toseptember2022" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Revision of miscoded occupational data in the ONS Labour Force Survey, UK: January 2021 to September 2022.

Latest edition information

For the third edition (September 2023), the variables NSECM20, NSECMJ20, SC2010M, SC20SMJ, SC20SMN, SOC20M and SOC20O have been replaced with new versions. Further information on the SOC revisions can be found in the ONS article published on 11 July 2023: https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/revisionofmiscodedoccupationaldataintheonslabourforcesurveyuk/january2021toseptember2022" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Revision of miscoded occupational data in the ONS Labour Force Survey, UK: January 2021 to September 2022.

According to a December 2022 report, the financial technology and technology industries saw the highest increases in job cuts when compared with the previous year. The financial technology (FinTech) industry saw a ******* percent increase in job cuts in 2022. FinTech companies are those using non-traditional financial methods to deliver financial services such as AI, blockchain, cloud computing, and big data. The FinTech industry saw boom during the early days of the pandemic, driven by low interest rates and tight financial conditions for consumers.

This 6MB download is a zip file containing 5 pdf documents and 2 xlsx spreadsheets. Presentation on COVID-19 and the potential impacts on employment

May 2020Waka Kotahi wants to better understand the potential implications of the COVID-19 downturn on the land transport system, particularly the potential impacts on regional economies and communities.

To do this, in May 2020 Waka Kotahi commissioned Martin Jenkins and Infometrics to consider the potential impacts of COVID-19 on New Zealand’s economy and demographics, as these are two key drivers of transport demand. In addition to providing a scan of national and international COVID-19 trends, the research involved modelling the economic impacts of three of the Treasury’s COVID-19 scenarios, to a regional scale, to help us understand where the impacts might be greatest.

Waka Kotahi studied this modelling by comparing the percentage difference in employment forecasts from the Treasury’s three COVID-19 scenarios compared to the business as usual scenario.

The source tables from the modelling (Tables 1-40), and the percentage difference in employment forecasts (Tables 41-43), are available as spreadsheets.

Arataki - potential impacts of COVID-19 Final Report

Employment modelling - interactive dashboard

The modelling produced employment forecasts for each region and district over three time periods – 2021, 2025 and 2031. In May 2020, the forecasts for 2021 carried greater certainty as they reflected the impacts of current events, such as border restrictions, reduction in international visitors and students etc. The 2025 and 2031 forecasts were less certain because of the potential for significant shifts in the socio-economic situation over the intervening years. While these later forecasts were useful in helping to understand the relative scale and duration of potential COVID-19 related impacts around the country, they needed to be treated with care recognising the higher levels of uncertainty.

The May 2020 research suggested that the ‘slow recovery scenario’ (Treasury’s scenario 5) was the most likely due to continuing high levels of uncertainty regarding global efforts to manage the pandemic (and the duration and scale of the resulting economic downturn).

The updates to Arataki V2 were framed around the ‘Slower Recovery Scenario’, as that scenario remained the most closely aligned with the unfolding impacts of COVID-19 in New Zealand and globally at that time.

Find out more about Arataki, our 10-year plan for the land transport system

May 2021The May 2021 update to employment modelling used to inform Arataki Version 2 is now available. Employment modelling dashboard - updated 2021Arataki used the May 2020 information to compare how various regions and industries might be impacted by COVID-19. Almost a year later, it is clear that New Zealand fared better than forecast in May 2020.Waka Kotahi therefore commissioned an update to the projections through a high-level review of:the original projections for 2020/21 against performancethe implications of the most recent global (eg International monetary fund world economic Outlook) and national economic forecasts (eg Treasury half year economic and fiscal update)The treasury updated its scenarios in its December half year fiscal and economic update (HYEFU) and these new scenarios have been used for the revised projections.Considerable uncertainty remains about the potential scale and duration of the COVID-19 downturn, for example with regards to the duration of border restrictions, update of immunisation programmes. The updated analysis provides us with additional information regarding which sectors and parts of the country are likely to be most impacted. We continue to monitor the situation and keep up to date with other cross-Government scenario development and COVID-19 related work. The updated modelling has produced employment forecasts for each region and district over three time periods - 2022, 2025, 2031.The 2022 forecasts carry greater certainty as they reflect the impacts of current events. The 2025 and 2031 forecasts are less certain because of the potential for significant shifts over that time.

Data reuse caveats: as per license.

Additionally, please read / use this data in conjunction with the Infometrics and Martin Jenkins reports, to understand the uncertainties and assumptions involved in modelling the potential impacts of COVID-19.

COVID-19’s effect on industry and regional economic outcomes for NZ Transport Agency [PDF 620 KB]

Data quality statement: while the modelling undertaken is high quality, it represents two point-in-time analyses undertaken during a period of considerable uncertainty. This uncertainty comes from several factors relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, including:

a lack of clarity about the size of the global downturn and how quickly the international economy might recover differing views about the ability of the New Zealand economy to bounce back from the significant job losses that are occurring and how much of a structural change in the economy is required the possibility of a further wave of COVID-19 cases within New Zealand that might require a return to Alert Levels 3 or 4.

While high levels of uncertainty remain around the scale of impacts from the pandemic, particularly in coming years, the modelling is useful in indicating the direction of travel and the relative scale of impacts in different parts of the country.

Data quality caveats: as noted above, there is considerable uncertainty about the potential scale and duration of the COVID-19 downturn. Please treat the specific results of the modelling carefully, particularly in the forecasts to later years (2025, 2031), given the potential for significant shifts in New Zealand's socio-economic situation before then.

As such, please use the modelling results as a guide to the potential scale of the impacts of the downturn in different locations, rather than as a precise assessment of impacts over the coming decade.

Unemployment Rate in the United States increased to 4.20 percent in July from 4.10 percent in June of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Formal Employment: Relative Change: Northeast: Piauí: Bocaina data was reported at 3.125 % in Jan 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of -3.030 % for Dec 2024. Formal Employment: Relative Change: Northeast: Piauí: Bocaina data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 % from Jan 2020 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 61 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.000 % in Nov 2021 and a record low of -5.000 % in May 2021. Formal Employment: Relative Change: Northeast: Piauí: Bocaina data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Labor. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table BR.GBC041: Formal Employment: Balance and Relative Change: by Municipality: Northeast: Piauí.

In 2023, it was estimated that over 161 million Americans were in some form of employment, while 3.64 percent of the total workforce was unemployed. This was the lowest unemployment rate since the 1950s, although these figures are expected to rise in 2023 and beyond. 1980s-2010s Since the 1980s, the total United States labor force has generally risen as the population has grown, however, the annual average unemployment rate has fluctuated significantly, usually increasing in times of crisis, before falling more slowly during periods of recovery and economic stability. For example, unemployment peaked at 9.7 percent during the early 1980s recession, which was largely caused by the ripple effects of the Iranian Revolution on global oil prices and inflation. Other notable spikes came during the early 1990s; again, largely due to inflation caused by another oil shock, and during the early 2000s recession. The Great Recession then saw the U.S. unemployment rate soar to 9.6 percent, following the collapse of the U.S. housing market and its impact on the banking sector, and it was not until 2016 that unemployment returned to pre-recession levels. 2020s 2019 had marked a decade-long low in unemployment, before the economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic saw the sharpest year-on-year increase in unemployment since the Great Depression, and the total number of workers fell by almost 10 million people. Despite the continuation of the pandemic in the years that followed, alongside the associated supply-chain issues and onset of the inflation crisis, unemployment reached just 3.67 percent in 2022 - current projections are for this figure to rise in 2023 and the years that follow, although these forecasts are subject to change if recent years are anything to go by.

Graph and download economic data for Employment Cost Index: Wages and Salaries: Private Industry Workers (ECIWAG) from Q1 2001 to Q2 2025 about cost, ECI, salaries, workers, private industries, wages, private, employment, industry, inflation, indexes, and USA.

Formal Employment: Relative Change: Northeast: Ceará: Tauá data was reported at 0.281 % in Jan 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.307 % for Dec 2024. Formal Employment: Relative Change: Northeast: Ceará: Tauá data is updated monthly, averaging 0.268 % from Jan 2020 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 61 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.937 % in Apr 2021 and a record low of -2.632 % in Dec 2021. Formal Employment: Relative Change: Northeast: Ceará: Tauá data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Labor. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table BR.GBC037: Formal Employment: Balance and Relative Change: by Municipality: Northeast: Ceará.

The occupations with the highest expected employment change in Denmark will be business and administration professionals. This occupation is expected to increase by around 31 thousand people between 2021 and 2030. Furthermore, the occupation of science and engineering professionals is forecast to grow by over 58.1 thousand people.

Brazil Formal Employment: with Adjustment: Relative Change: Southeast: Rio de Janeiro: Três Rios data was reported at 1.230 % in Nov 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.582 % for Oct 2021. Brazil Formal Employment: with Adjustment: Relative Change: Southeast: Rio de Janeiro: Três Rios data is updated monthly, averaging 0.425 % from Jan 2020 to Nov 2021, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.394 % in Nov 2020 and a record low of -2.504 % in Apr 2020. Brazil Formal Employment: with Adjustment: Relative Change: Southeast: Rio de Janeiro: Três Rios data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Labor. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table BR.GBC046: Formal Employment: with Adjustments: by Municipality: Southeast: Rio de Janeiro.

Formal Employment: With Adjustment: Relative Change: Northeast: Ceará: Jaguaruana data was reported at 0.119 % in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.444 % for Feb 2025. Formal Employment: With Adjustment: Relative Change: Northeast: Ceará: Jaguaruana data is updated monthly, averaging 0.167 % from Jan 2020 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 63 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.402 % in Dec 2021 and a record low of -4.320 % in Sep 2021. Formal Employment: With Adjustment: Relative Change: Northeast: Ceará: Jaguaruana data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Labor. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table BR.GBC064: Formal Employment: with Adjustments: Balance and Relative Change: by Municipality: Northeast: Ceará.