Live Cattle increased 15.12 USd/Lbs or 7.89% since the beginning of 2025, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Live Cattle - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2025.

Learn about the live weight price of cattle, also known as the beef market, and its impact on the US beef industry. Discover factors affecting prices and how the futures market helps mitigate risk for buyers and sellers.

United Kingdom Livestock Price: Great Britain (GB): Clean Cattle: Liveweight data was reported at 271.590 GBP/100 kg in Mar 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 267.110 GBP/100 kg for Feb 2023. United Kingdom Livestock Price: Great Britain (GB): Clean Cattle: Liveweight data is updated monthly, averaging 193.760 GBP/100 kg from Jan 2015 (Median) to Mar 2023, with 99 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 271.590 GBP/100 kg in Mar 2023 and a record low of 171.850 GBP/100 kg in Apr 2016. United Kingdom Livestock Price: Great Britain (GB): Clean Cattle: Liveweight data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.P003: Livestock Prices: Great Britain. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Learn about the factors that impact the live weight price of beef cattle, including supply and demand, market conditions, quality and grade of cattle, and more. Discover why monitoring this price is essential for farmers, ranchers, and the beef industry as a whole.

The average farmgate price of one kilogram of cattle for slaughter from commercial farms in the Philippines was around 180 Philippine pesos in 2023, slightly lower than the previous year. The overall farmgate price of one kilogram of cattle has steadily risen in the past nine years.

The price of beef live weight is a complex indicator of the beef industry's overall health and performance. This article discusses the factors that influence beef live weight prices, including supply and demand, production costs, weather conditions, and market competition.

Overview This report presents and discusses cost of production estimates for beef cattle and sheep producers for the three years 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15. The report draws on data from the …Show full descriptionOverview This report presents and discusses cost of production estimates for beef cattle and sheep producers for the three years 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15. The report draws on data from the ABARES annual Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS). This survey has been conducted by ABARES and its predecessors since 1977-78 and provides government and industry stakeholders with important data for analysing and monitoring changes in Australia's broadacre industries. Meat & Livestock Australia commissioned and funded this report. Key Issues • The on-farm cost of beef production on a per kilogram live weight basis increased between 2012-13 and 2014-15, as producers increased farm expenditure in 2014-15 in response to the much higher prices received for beef cattle. Between 2008-09 and 2012-13, producers pared back expenditure on beef inputs to a minimum in response to low beef cattle prices in an attempt to maintain operating margins (receipts per kilogram less costs of production). • The largest increase in production costs occurred in northern Australia, where many beef producers were also subject to dry seasonal conditions in 2013-14 and 2014-15. This resulted in increased expenditure on fodder and freight. Overall, the total cost of production increased between 2012-13 and 2014-15 by 33 cents per kilogram live weight in northern Australia and by 25 cents in southern Australia. • Total costs of production averaged over the three years ending 2014-15 were similar in southern and northern Australia, at 174 cents per kilogram live weight in southern Australia and 175 cents in northern Australia. Northern Australia includes Queensland, the Northern Territory and the Kimberley, Pilbara and Murchison-Gascoyne regions of Western Australia. All other regions are included in southern Australia. • Higher beef cattle prices in 2014-15 resulted in operating margins increasing relative to the very low margins recorded in 2013-14. However, expenditure on farm inputs increased, so operating margins were similar to those recorded in 2012-13. • The average on-farm cost of sheep production on a per kilogram live weight basis remained largely unchanged between 2012-13 and 2014-15. • The average cost of production for beef cattle and sheep producers for the period 2012-13 to 2014-15 decreased as production size increased, which indicates that significant economies of size exist in beef and sheep meat production. These economies of size would be an incentive to expand beef and sheep meat production to enhance profitability. • Economies of size for sheep producers appear to result mainly from larger sheep enterprises using farm capital and labour more efficiently. However, for beef producers, cash operating costs for larger herd size producers were lower than those for smaller producers and they used farm capital and labour more efficiently.

Poland Agriculture Purchase Price: Cattle: Live Weight: Bull data was reported at 11.988 PLN/kg in 29 Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 11.703 PLN/kg for 22 Dec 2024. Poland Agriculture Purchase Price: Cattle: Live Weight: Bull data is updated daily, averaging 6.961 PLN/kg from Jan 2009 (Median) to 29 Dec 2024, with 808 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.561 PLN/kg in 15 May 2022 and a record low of 4.540 PLN/kg in 25 Jul 2010. Poland Agriculture Purchase Price: Cattle: Live Weight: Bull data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.P010: Agriculture Purchasing Price: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.

Overview This report presents the detailed financial performance of beef cattle producing farms in 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17, and discusses incomes, investment, farm debt, and costs of beef …Show full descriptionOverview This report presents the detailed financial performance of beef cattle producing farms in 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17, and discusses incomes, investment, farm debt, and costs of beef production in a historical context. The report draws on data from the ABARES annual Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS). The report was commissioned by Meat & Livestock Australia (MLA) This report is a collation of chapters that have been previously published online. Farm financial performance (published 18 May 2017) This chapter presents estimates of the incomes, profits, costs and rates of return for beef farms. Key Issues Average farm cash income of Australian beef farms is projected to increase by around 10 per cent in 2016-17 to $204,000 per farm. Farm cash income in 2016-17 is projected to be the highest in over 20 years, an estimated 108 per cent higher than the average between 2000-01 and 2015-16 (in real terms*). The expected increase in incomes is a result of higher beef cattle prices. Note: real dollar values are adjusted to remove the effect of inflation. Farm debt and equity (published 12 July 2017) This chapter presents estimates of the debt, equity, and debt-servicing capacity for beef farms. Key Issues Average farm debt of Australian beef farms is estimated to have increased by around 9 per cent to $497,000 in 2015-16 (in 2016-17 dollars). Average farm debt for beef farms is projected to decrease slightly in 2016-17. The average equity ratio of beef farms has remained steady at around 90 per cent from 2000-01 to 2015-16. The proportion of farm receipts needed to fund interest payments is projected to be around 6 per cent in 2016-17. Farm capital and investment (published 8 August 2017) This chapter presents estimates of farm capital and farm investment for beef farms. Key Issues The total value of capital for Australian beef farms increased by around 55 per cent in real terms from 2000-01 to 2015-16. On a per farm basis, total capital increased by 98 per cent to an estimated $5.4 million per farm in 2015-16. The average value of land and fixed improvements per hectare for beef farms increased by 105 per cent from 2000-01 to 2015-16, with an average annual return on land appreciation of 5.2 per cent. Physical characteristics (published 9 November 2017) This chapter presents estimates of physical characteristics for beef farms. Key Issues From 2000-01 to 2015-16 the total number of Australian beef farms fell by 22 per cent. Most of the decline was in the Southern region with the number of beef farms in the Northern region remaining relatively unchanged. Over the period, the total number of beef cattle in the Northern region increased while the number of cattle in the Southern region remained relatively steady. Cost of production (published 28 September 2017) This chapter presents and discusses cost of production estimates for beef farms. Key Issues Over the three years to 2015-16 the average total cost of beef production was similar in northern and southern Australia, at 193 cents per kilogram live weight in northern Australia and 199 cents in southern Australia. The on-farm per kilogram live weight cost of beef production increased between 2013-14 and 2015-16. Higher beef cattle prices in 2014-15 and 2015-16 resulted in operating margins increasing relative to the very low margins recorded in 2013-14. Total costs of production per kilogram in southern and northern Australia declined as herd size increased. Small beef farms (with less than 400 beef cattle) generally covered their cash operating costs. However, most did not cover capital depreciation or the value of unpaid owner-manager, partner and family labour. Average on-farm per kilogram live weight cost of beef production declined over the three years to 2016–17.

Russia PPI: Prev Dec=100: AP: Animal Husbandry: Livestock & Poultry: Live Weight (LW) data was reported at 115.010 Prev Dec=100 in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 93.470 Prev Dec=100 for 2017. Russia PPI: Prev Dec=100: AP: Animal Husbandry: Livestock & Poultry: Live Weight (LW) data is updated yearly, averaging 108.030 Prev Dec=100 from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2018, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 178.160 Prev Dec=100 in 1999 and a record low of 93.470 Prev Dec=100 in 2017. Russia PPI: Prev Dec=100: AP: Animal Husbandry: Livestock & Poultry: Live Weight (LW) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IC011: Producer Price Index: Previous December=100: Annual.

In 2023, the average farmgate price of cattle for slaughter in the Philippines reached about 175 Philippine pesos per kilo, indicating an increase from the previous year. The average farmgate price of cattle for slaughter gradually increased since 2017.

32.579 (Tonnen) in 2023. FAO defines meat as the flesh of animals used for food. In production data, meat is normally reported inclusive of bone and exclusive of meat that is unfit for human consumption. As reported by individual countries, meat production data may refer either to commercial production (meat entering marketing channels), inspected production (from animals slaughtered under sanitary inspection), or total production (the total of the above- mentioned categories plus slaughter for personal consumption). All FAO annual production data refer to total production.Country statistics on meat production adhere to one or more of the following concepts: 1. Live weight: the weight of the animal immediately before slaughter. 2. Killed weight: the live weight less the uncollected blood lost during slaughter. 3. Dressed carcass weight: weight minus all parts - edible and inedible - that are removed in dressing the carcass. The concept varies widely from country to country and according to the various species of livestock. Edible parts generally include edible offals (head or head meat, tongue, brains, heart, liver, spleen, stomach or tripes and, in a few countries, other parts such as feet, throat and lungs. Slaughter fats (the unrendered fats that fall in the course of dressing the carcasses) are recorded as either edible or inedible according to country practice. Inedible parts generally include hides and skins (except in the case of pigs), as well as hoofs and stomach contents.Meat production data for minor animals (poultry, rabbits, etc.) are reported in one of the following three ways: ready-to-cook weight (giblets are sometimes included and sometimes excluded); eviscerated weight (including the feet and head); or dressed weight, i.e. the live weight less the blood, feathers and skin.FAO data relate to dressed carcass weight for livestock and, wherever possible, ready-to- cook weight for poultry.Among individual countries, one of the following three concepts issued to measure production:A. Production from all animals, of both indigenous and foreign origin, that are slaughtered within national boundaries. B. Production from the slaughter of indigenous animals plus exports of live indigenous animals during the reference period. Derived from meat production as follows: production from slaughtered animals plus the meat equivalent of all animals exported alive, minus the meat equivalent of all animals imported alive. As imports/exports of live animals are recorded by FAO in numbers, not weight, animal type and size are of significance. C. The biological production concept covers indigenous animals that are either slaughtered or exported live, plus net additions to the stock during the reference period. Derived from indigenous productions follows: indigenous production plus (or minus) the meat equivalent of the change in the stock numbers during the reference period. Production is expressed in terms of live weight. Changes in the total live weight of all animals are not taken into account.FAO uses the first concept of meat production in the construction of its food balance sheets and for related indicators. The second concept, indigenous meat production, in measuring the output of the national livestock sector, is useful mainly in the construction of index numbers of agricultural production. The third concept, biological production, would be the most complete as it also reflects changes in the livestock herd, but it is not used because of difficulties in obtaining information from national reporting offices. The prices applied to indigenous meat production are derived from prices of live animals. This covers not only the value of meat, but also the value of offals, fats, hides and skins.

62.622 (Tonnen) in 2023. FAO defines meat as the flesh of animals used for food. In production data, meat is normally reported inclusive of bone and exclusive of meat that is unfit for human consumption. As reported by individual countries, meat production data may refer either to commercial production (meat entering marketing channels), inspected production (from animals slaughtered under sanitary inspection), or total production (the total of the above- mentioned categories plus slaughter for personal consumption). All FAO annual production data refer to total production.Country statistics on meat production adhere to one or more of the following concepts: 1. Live weight: the weight of the animal immediately before slaughter. 2. Killed weight: the live weight less the uncollected blood lost during slaughter. 3. Dressed carcass weight: weight minus all parts - edible and inedible - that are removed in dressing the carcass. The concept varies widely from country to country and according to the various species of livestock. Edible parts generally include edible offals (head or head meat, tongue, brains, heart, liver, spleen, stomach or tripes and, in a few countries, other parts such as feet, throat and lungs. Slaughter fats (the unrendered fats that fall in the course of dressing the carcasses) are recorded as either edible or inedible according to country practice. Inedible parts generally include hides and skins (except in the case of pigs), as well as hoofs and stomach contents.Meat production data for minor animals (poultry, rabbits, etc.) are reported in one of the following three ways: ready-to-cook weight (giblets are sometimes included and sometimes excluded); eviscerated weight (including the feet and head); or dressed weight, i.e. the live weight less the blood, feathers and skin.FAO data relate to dressed carcass weight for livestock and, wherever possible, ready-to- cook weight for poultry.Among individual countries, one of the following three concepts issued to measure production:A. Production from all animals, of both indigenous and foreign origin, that are slaughtered within national boundaries. B. Production from the slaughter of indigenous animals plus exports of live indigenous animals during the reference period. Derived from meat production as follows: production from slaughtered animals plus the meat equivalent of all animals exported alive, minus the meat equivalent of all animals imported alive. As imports/exports of live animals are recorded by FAO in numbers, not weight, animal type and size are of significance. C. The biological production concept covers indigenous animals that are either slaughtered or exported live, plus net additions to the stock during the reference period. Derived from indigenous productions follows: indigenous production plus (or minus) the meat equivalent of the change in the stock numbers during the reference period. Production is expressed in terms of live weight. Changes in the total live weight of all animals are not taken into account.FAO uses the first concept of meat production in the construction of its food balance sheets and for related indicators. The second concept, indigenous meat production, in measuring the output of the national livestock sector, is useful mainly in the construction of index numbers of agricultural production. The third concept, biological production, would be the most complete as it also reflects changes in the livestock herd, but it is not used because of difficulties in obtaining information from national reporting offices. The prices applied to indigenous meat production are derived from prices of live animals. This covers not only the value of meat, but also the value of offals, fats, hides and skins.

Multivariable regression model for body weight and its association with dietary group from 0 to 108 weeks of life, including potential confounders. Calf was included as a random effect. The residual variance attributed to individual calf ID was 34.3% (95% CI 28.0–41.4). Coefficients for time (in weeks) and interaction terms are omitted for clarity.

90 507 (тонн) в 2023. FAO defines meat as the flesh of animals used for food. In production data, meat is normally reported inclusive of bone and exclusive of meat that is unfit for human consumption. As reported by individual countries, meat production data may refer either to commercial production (meat entering marketing channels), inspected production (from animals slaughtered under sanitary inspection), or total production (the total of the above- mentioned categories plus slaughter for personal consumption). All FAO annual production data refer to total production.Country statistics on meat production adhere to one or more of the following concepts: 1. Live weight: the weight of the animal immediately before slaughter. 2. Killed weight: the live weight less the uncollected blood lost during slaughter. 3. Dressed carcass weight: weight minus all parts - edible and inedible - that are removed in dressing the carcass. The concept varies widely from country to country and according to the various species of livestock. Edible parts generally include edible offals (head or head meat, tongue, brains, heart, liver, spleen, stomach or tripes and, in a few countries, other parts such as feet, throat and lungs. Slaughter fats (the unrendered fats that fall in the course of dressing the carcasses) are recorded as either edible or inedible according to country practice. Inedible parts generally include hides and skins (except in the case of pigs), as well as hoofs and stomach contents.Meat production data for minor animals (poultry, rabbits, etc.) are reported in one of the following three ways: ready-to-cook weight (giblets are sometimes included and sometimes excluded); eviscerated weight (including the feet and head); or dressed weight, i.e. the live weight less the blood, feathers and skin.FAO data relate to dressed carcass weight for livestock and, wherever possible, ready-to- cook weight for poultry.Among individual countries, one of the following three concepts issued to measure production:A. Production from all animals, of both indigenous and foreign origin, that are slaughtered within national boundaries. B. Production from the slaughter of indigenous animals plus exports of live indigenous animals during the reference period. Derived from meat production as follows: production from slaughtered animals plus the meat equivalent of all animals exported alive, minus the meat equivalent of all animals imported alive. As imports/exports of live animals are recorded by FAO in numbers, not weight, animal type and size are of significance. C. The biological production concept covers indigenous animals that are either slaughtered or exported live, plus net additions to the stock during the reference period. Derived from indigenous productions follows: indigenous production plus (or minus) the meat equivalent of the change in the stock numbers during the reference period. Production is expressed in terms of live weight. Changes in the total live weight of all animals are not taken into account.FAO uses the first concept of meat production in the construction of its food balance sheets and for related indicators. The second concept, indigenous meat production, in measuring the output of the national livestock sector, is useful mainly in the construction of index numbers of agricultural production. The third concept, biological production, would be the most complete as it also reflects changes in the livestock herd, but it is not used because of difficulties in obtaining information from national reporting offices. The prices applied to indigenous meat production are derived from prices of live animals. This covers not only the value of meat, but also the value of offals, fats, hides and skins.

335.475 (Tonnen) in 2023. FAO defines meat as the flesh of animals used for food. In production data, meat is normally reported inclusive of bone and exclusive of meat that is unfit for human consumption. As reported by individual countries, meat production data may refer either to commercial production (meat entering marketing channels), inspected production (from animals slaughtered under sanitary inspection), or total production (the total of the above- mentioned categories plus slaughter for personal consumption). All FAO annual production data refer to total production.Country statistics on meat production adhere to one or more of the following concepts: 1. Live weight: the weight of the animal immediately before slaughter. 2. Killed weight: the live weight less the uncollected blood lost during slaughter. 3. Dressed carcass weight: weight minus all parts - edible and inedible - that are removed in dressing the carcass. The concept varies widely from country to country and according to the various species of livestock. Edible parts generally include edible offals (head or head meat, tongue, brains, heart, liver, spleen, stomach or tripes and, in a few countries, other parts such as feet, throat and lungs. Slaughter fats (the unrendered fats that fall in the course of dressing the carcasses) are recorded as either edible or inedible according to country practice. Inedible parts generally include hides and skins (except in the case of pigs), as well as hoofs and stomach contents.Meat production data for minor animals (poultry, rabbits, etc.) are reported in one of the following three ways: ready-to-cook weight (giblets are sometimes included and sometimes excluded); eviscerated weight (including the feet and head); or dressed weight, i.e. the live weight less the blood, feathers and skin.FAO data relate to dressed carcass weight for livestock and, wherever possible, ready-to- cook weight for poultry.Among individual countries, one of the following three concepts issued to measure production:A. Production from all animals, of both indigenous and foreign origin, that are slaughtered within national boundaries. B. Production from the slaughter of indigenous animals plus exports of live indigenous animals during the reference period. Derived from meat production as follows: production from slaughtered animals plus the meat equivalent of all animals exported alive, minus the meat equivalent of all animals imported alive. As imports/exports of live animals are recorded by FAO in numbers, not weight, animal type and size are of significance. C. The biological production concept covers indigenous animals that are either slaughtered or exported live, plus net additions to the stock during the reference period. Derived from indigenous productions follows: indigenous production plus (or minus) the meat equivalent of the change in the stock numbers during the reference period. Production is expressed in terms of live weight. Changes in the total live weight of all animals are not taken into account.FAO uses the first concept of meat production in the construction of its food balance sheets and for related indicators. The second concept, indigenous meat production, in measuring the output of the national livestock sector, is useful mainly in the construction of index numbers of agricultural production. The third concept, biological production, would be the most complete as it also reflects changes in the livestock herd, but it is not used because of difficulties in obtaining information from national reporting offices. The prices applied to indigenous meat production are derived from prices of live animals. This covers not only the value of meat, but also the value of offals, fats, hides and skins.

牲畜价格：英国（GB）：干净的牛：活重在03-01-2023达271.590GBP/100 kg，相较于02-01-2023的267.110GBP/100 kg有所增长。牲畜价格：英国（GB）：干净的牛：活重数据按月更新，01-01-2015至03-01-2023期间平均值为193.760GBP/100 kg，共99份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于03-01-2023，达271.590GBP/100 kg，而历史最低值则出现于04-01-2016，为171.850GBP/100 kg。CEIC提供的牲畜价格：英国（GB）：干净的牛：活重数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs，数据归类于全球数据库的英国 – Table UK.P003: Livestock Prices: Great Britain。

370.134.961 (toneladas) in 2023. FAO defines meat as the flesh of animals used for food. In production data, meat is normally reported inclusive of bone and exclusive of meat that is unfit for human consumption. As reported by individual countries, meat production data may refer either to commercial production (meat entering marketing channels), inspected production (from animals slaughtered under sanitary inspection), or total production (the total of the above- mentioned categories plus slaughter for personal consumption). All FAO annual production data refer to total production.Country statistics on meat production adhere to one or more of the following concepts: 1. Live weight: the weight of the animal immediately before slaughter. 2. Killed weight: the live weight less the uncollected blood lost during slaughter. 3. Dressed carcass weight: weight minus all parts - edible and inedible - that are removed in dressing the carcass. The concept varies widely from country to country and according to the various species of livestock. Edible parts generally include edible offals (head or head meat, tongue, brains, heart, liver, spleen, stomach or tripes and, in a few countries, other parts such as feet, throat and lungs. Slaughter fats (the unrendered fats that fall in the course of dressing the carcasses) are recorded as either edible or inedible according to country practice. Inedible parts generally include hides and skins (except in the case of pigs), as well as hoofs and stomach contents.Meat production data for minor animals (poultry, rabbits, etc.) are reported in one of the following three ways: ready-to-cook weight (giblets are sometimes included and sometimes excluded); eviscerated weight (including the feet and head); or dressed weight, i.e. the live weight less the blood, feathers and skin.FAO data relate to dressed carcass weight for livestock and, wherever possible, ready-to- cook weight for poultry.Among individual countries, one of the following three concepts issued to measure production:A. Production from all animals, of both indigenous and foreign origin, that are slaughtered within national boundaries. B. Production from the slaughter of indigenous animals plus exports of live indigenous animals during the reference period. Derived from meat production as follows: production from slaughtered animals plus the meat equivalent of all animals exported alive, minus the meat equivalent of all animals imported alive. As imports/exports of live animals are recorded by FAO in numbers, not weight, animal type and size are of significance. C. The biological production concept covers indigenous animals that are either slaughtered or exported live, plus net additions to the stock during the reference period. Derived from indigenous productions follows: indigenous production plus (or minus) the meat equivalent of the change in the stock numbers during the reference period. Production is expressed in terms of live weight. Changes in the total live weight of all animals are not taken into account.FAO uses the first concept of meat production in the construction of its food balance sheets and for related indicators. The second concept, indigenous meat production, in measuring the output of the national livestock sector, is useful mainly in the construction of index numbers of agricultural production. The third concept, biological production, would be the most complete as it also reflects changes in the livestock herd, but it is not used because of difficulties in obtaining information from national reporting offices. The prices applied to indigenous meat production are derived from prices of live animals. This covers not only the value of meat, but also the value of offals, fats, hides and skins.

Abstract Early weaning (EW) has been adopted in cattle breeding farms in Pantanal as a strategy to increase the rate of pregnancy in cows. The primary income of these properties is the production of beef calves, and the price of these animals depends on their weight. Therefore, the calves subjected to EW should present weight similar to or higher than those of calves subjected to conventional weaning (CW). This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance of pure (Nellore) calves and crossbred (Nellore/Angus) calves reared in the Pantanal and subjected to either EW or CW. After EW, the calves were supplemented with concentrate at 1 kg/animal/day (low-energy diet) or 1% of live weight (high-energy diet). The weights adjusted to 300 days of age were higher for EW calves fed the high-energy diet (p0.01), and animal weight was 241.17 and 236.27 kg in crossbred calves and 184.44 and 189.78 in Nellore calves, respectively. The EW adopted in this experimental model did not affect the productive performance of calves raised in the Pantanal.