Abstract

The Central Bureau of Statistics has been conducting the Census of Manufacturing Establishment every five year. This report contains the numerical result of CME 2001/02, which is the eighth in the serial. As per the international practice, the industries in this report are classified according to Nepal Standard Industrial Classification (NSIC), which in turn is based on International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC).The objective of the census is to fill the gap of information about the changes taking place in the manufacturing sector of the economy. The census covers all manufacturing establishments engaging 10 or more persons. The reference period for the census was the fiscal year 2001/02.

Ten (10) indicators including number of establishments, number of persons engaged, number of employees, wages and salaries, change in stocks at the end of the year, gross addition to fixed assets, gross fixed assets at the end of the year, census input, census output and census value added are defined as principal indicators. The principal indicator tables of Nepal and Urban/Rural areas are prepared by legal status, ownership, number of persons engaged and size of fixed assets and by NSIC at 4 digit levels in the National Report. But the principal indicator by legal status, ownership, number of persons engaged, and size of fixed assets and by NSIC at 4 digit level are also kept in the District Level report.

The CME-2001/02 reveals that the number of operating establishments has declined in comparison to the last census (1996/1997). Similarly, the number of persons engaged has also declined. However, the census output and value-added has increased during the same period.

Geographic coverage

All 75 Districts of Nepal

Analysis unit

Manufacturing establishment engaging 10 or more employees.

Universe

All operational manufacturing establishments during the reference period (mid July 2001 to mid July2002) engaging 10 or more persons.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]; Self-administered

Research instrument

The questionnaire for the CME is a structured questionnaire based on the recommendation of industrial Statistics Division of UNIDO. It was designed to fulfill the National Accounts requirements. It contains 17 sections as stated below:

1. Introduction: Name of Establishment, Address, Date of operation
2. Economic Organization (only for incorporated establishments): Name of the enterprise (company, corporate)
3. Legal Status: Personal, Partnership, Private LTD, Public LTD
4. Ownership: Government of Nepal, Private, Joint Venture with Government of Nepal, Domestic (Private) and International (Private)
5. Major Activity: Name of Prime product of goods
6. Employment: Working proprietors and active business Partners, Family Member and Other Person, Production workers, Administrative Employee, Technical Employee
7. Production, Purchase and Sale of Fuels: Fire wood, Diesel, Petrol, Kerosene, L.P.G. Gas, Electricity
8. Expenditure for industrial services: For works done by others in contract, Annual repair and maintenance, Cost of goods purchased for resale
9. Cost of Raw Materials Purchased: From Domestic, India, Third country
10. Production and Product Sold: In Domestic, India, Third country
11. Income for industrial services: Work done for others in contract, Repair and maintenance for others, Receipts for goods sold in the same condition as purchased
12. Stock: Raw material, Fuel, Semi-finished Goods, Finished Goods, Goods bought to be sold in the same condition as purchased
13. Expenses for Non-industrial Services: rent paid for Buildings, Store and Equipment, Transportation Cost of produced goods, Insurance Premium, Cost of Advertisement and other expenses for sales promotion,
14. Indirect Taxes: Value Added Tax (VAT), Excise Duty, Export/Import Duty
15. Income received from Non-industrial Services: Rent receipts from building and equipment, Rent receipts from transport equipment, Grants received during the reference period, Amount of exemption on export during the reference period
16. Fixed Assets: Value of fixed assets on the beginning of the reference year, Value of addition of new fixed assets, Receipts from sale of fixed assets, Loss of fixed assets due to catastrophe, Annual amount of depreciation
17. Production Capacity Utilization: Less than 20 Percent, 20 - 39 Percent, 40 - 59 Percent, 60 - 79 Percent, 80 Percent and above
18. Problems: Lack of Raw Materials, Lack of Market, Lack of Capital, Industrial Policy, Lack of Trained Manpower, Monopoly

Cleaning operations

A control form was introduced to find out the profit or loss and value added of each establishment. This form was filled by the supervisor of the BSO immediately after completing the interview of the establishment. If any inconsistencies were found during this phase, BSO's Supervisor/Officer contact to respective establishment by telephone to verify the facts. In case no telephone was available then forms were sent back to the respective establishment for verification.

During Data entry, many range checks were introduced to minimize range errors. Some cross checks were used to control errors relating to the universe and pre-question of the entry variable during data entry. One big batch edit file with many edit commands were run and verify the observed missing or overvalued or undervalued data mostly by contacting the respondent of the establishment by telephone.

To establish consistency between the CPC of data recorded in section 9 of the questionnaire and NSIC of section 4, grouping of raw materials and products was made by CPC to make one to one correspondence with NSIC.

Data appraisal

CME 2001/02 data appraisal may be categorized by 3 stages: Pilot survey, during data collection, during entry and processing. A pilot survey was conducted in 2000-01 by covering one district from each ecological belt. A technical committee headed by the Director General of CBS was formed to supervise, suggest, control and review the overall process of the census from questionnaire design to data dissemination.

A control form was used to verify establishment level input-output ratio as well as profit or loss status of the establishment at data collection stage. The data collection work was done only by the experienced permanent staff of CBS and its field offices. They were trained by the census officials of CBS worked in the head office. Statistical officers of branch offices were considered as supervisor of the census.

After entering and editing data in Cs-Pro data entry application, frequencies and percentage distribution of the principal indicators like total number of establishment, total number of persons engaged, total number of employees, value of input, value of output, value added by NSIC, ecological belts, development regions, districts were tabulated and compared with that of the previous census. Further, average output, value added, number of persons engaged, number of employees and fixed asset per establishment were calculated to discuss the final report of the census with the technical committee. The final results were published after the approval the committee.

Abstract

There is a long history to the agricultural census in the Netherlands. From 1934 onwards a census has been carried out (almost) every year. In recent years it is no longer purely a statistical project, but serves several purposes: on the one hand production of statistics by Statistics Netherlands and creating a frame for sampling, on the other hand providing data on individual holdings for administrative purposes by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation (the Ministry). Since the Ministry and Statistics Netherlands have a common interest in the census, it is held as a joint effort. In 1990, it was the last time special meeting days were organised to assess the data from the farmers. On these meeting days, farmers and enumerators jointly filled in the questionnaire manually. In the period 1991 – 1995, these sessions still took place, but the manual procedure was gradually replaced by filling in the information in a computer file. In 1996, the farmer could make a choice between coming to a special meeting place or filling in the survey form himself and returning it by postal mail. From 1997 on, a complete census was organised by postal mail every year. The year 2003 was a pilot year in which respondents had the opportunity to supply the census information through an internet application. In recent years the information is predominantly supplied via the internet. Since the statistical year 2002 the questionnaire of the agricultural census is combined with the application for animal, crop and arable land subsidies (in 2006 also for the single payment scheme). In 2007 data collection for the enforcement of the manure law is also combined in this questionnaire. This is done for efficiency reasons, both for farmers, and for administration and processing of data.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

The statistical unit was the agricultural holding, defined as a single unit, both technically and economically, which has a single management and which undertakes agricultural activities listed in Annex Ito the European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No. 1166/2008 within the economic territory of the EU, either as its primary or secondary activity.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

Frame Statistics Netherlands has a business register of all industrial and non-industrial commercial establishments, but the agricultural holdings are not yet fully covered in this register. The agricultural census therefore relies on the administrative farm register (AFR) of the Ministry held by NSIR, an executive service of the Ministry. By law farmers have to register with NSIR. The AFR contains names, addresses and a few other characteristics of holders or holdings and a unique registration number. With the census information of several years Statistics Netherlands has built up a statistical farm register (SFR). Relevant characteristics from the AFR (a.o. identification number, addresses, legal status) are also stored in the SFR. Changes in addresses are entered into the AFR throughout the year, changes in the SFR of course only once a year. The SFR provides a magnificent basis for stratification and efficient sampling of subsequent agricultural statistics. An annual census may seem expensive (even when only half of the cost is looked upon as expenses for statistics). But the excellent quality of the sample frame allows for relative small samples in related agricultural statistics and thus reduction of costs.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI)

Research instrument

One questionnaire was used, integrating both the 2010 AC and the SAPM, and presented to respondents as a single statistical inquiry. The questionnaire covered all 16 core items recommended in the WCA 2010.

Questionnaire:

1 Work and education 2 Number of animals and housing 3 Horticulture under glass 4 Mushrooms, bulb growing, chicory growing 5 Crops on open land and land use 6 Agricultural land area 7 Subsidies 8 Farm data 9 Livestock manure 10 Excavation notification (WION) 11 Signature

Cleaning operations

a. Data collection and data entry About 85% of the questionnaires was filled in and returned using the web application, which already contained a lotof c hecks and validations. Paper forms were digitized by a data-entry firm and processed by NSIR in the same way as the online questionnaires. There were several quality controls to ensure correct digitization.

b. Data processing, estimation and analysis Data processing, estimation and analysis were performed in two successive stages:

1. Pre-processing at NSIR After data collection and data entry the input data go through an extensive error control phase. In this phase checks are made on missing values, valid values, unlikely values, range checks, checks of correlation in the data, checks of totals and so on. When necessary additional information is collected from the farmers by phone. Data that is checked and accepted by NSIR is forwarded to Statistics Netherlands.

2. Processing at Statistics Netherlands Processing at Statistics Netherlands involves additional error control, enrichment with additional information, such as total SO and typology, imputation for non-response and analysis. Analyses are made at several levels of aggregation and comprise comparison with previous results and agricultural data from other sources.

Data appraisal

Checking the information in the questionnaires took place using a special control programme. Data were checked for hard and soft errors. Hard errors are non-valid values. Soft errors are unlikely values. If necessary, the checking personnel contacted the respondent to correct for errors. Approximately 85 percent of the questionnaires were completed online. The online questionnaire application contained extensive interactive controls and edits.

Dissemination: Dissemination is done via the Statline database, which is available on the Internet (www.cbs.nl ). In this database, Internet users may select their own indicators and information topics. Short publications on specific subjects are presented in the form of newspaper or Internet articles. Safe access to census microdata is also provided.