Compact Disc Market Outlook

The global compact disc market size was valued at approximately USD 1.6 billion in 2023 and is forecasted to reach USD 1.2 billion by 2032, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -3.0% over the forecast period. This decline is primarily driven by the increasing adoption of digital formats and streaming services, which have become the preferred medium for audio and video consumption. Despite the overall downward trend, certain niche markets and segments still demonstrate potential for growth, particularly within specific regions and applications where compact discs retain a degree of relevance due to their reliability and simplicity.

The resilience of the compact disc market in certain sectors can be attributed to its enduring appeal in regions with limited internet access or technological infrastructure. In these areas, compact discs remain a vital medium for distributing music, software, and other digital content. Additionally, there is a consistent demand from audiophiles and collectors who value the physical ownership and audio quality offered by premium audio CDs, which continue to drive a small segment of the market. Educational institutions also represent a stable demand group, as many still rely on CDs for distributing educational materials, especially in areas where broadband connectivity is inconsistent.

Another growth factor for the compact disc market is the preservation and archival needs of certain industries. Many businesses and institutions continue to use CDs for data storage because of their durability and longevity, which are critical for archival purposes. Furthermore, the music industry has witnessed a resurgence of interest in physical media, including vinyl and CDs, driven by nostalgia and the tangible experience they provide. This trend is particularly evident among independent artists and smaller music labels, who often use CDs as a cost-effective method to distribute music during live events and through direct sales channels.

Additionally, the eco-friendly recycling initiatives and innovation in CD production processes have contributed to sustaining interest in compact discs. New technologies in disc manufacturing aim to reduce the environmental impact and improve the quality of CDs. These advances offer opportunities for market participants to differentiate their products and appeal to environmentally conscious consumers. Improved recycling processes also contribute to a circular economy model, which can enhance the value proposition of compact discs as a sustainable choice for consumers and businesses alike.

Product Type Analysis

Within the compact disc market, the product type segment is divided into audio CDs, data CDs, and video CDs, each serving distinct purposes. Audio CDs, despite the rise of digital music, still hold a special place for audiophiles and music enthusiasts who appreciate the high-quality sound that physical discs provide. This segment benefits from a niche yet loyal consumer base that values the album artwork, liner notes, and the tactile experience of owning a physical copy. Additionally, limited edition releases and reissues of classic albums on audio CD often drive sales within this category, as collectors seek to acquire these tangible pieces of music history.

Data CDs, on the other hand, are primarily used for data storage and transfer. While their usage has diminished with the advent of cloud storage and USB flash drives, they remain relevant in situations where internet access is limited or non-existent. Businesses and educational institutions that require secure and reliable data transfer solutions continue to rely on data CDs for distributing software, training materials, and other critical information. Moreover, the enduring reliability of CDs for long-term data storage, without the risk of data corruption associated with some digital storage solutions, keeps them in demand for archiving purposes.

Video CDs have seen a decline in popularity with the proliferation of DVDs, Blu-ray discs, and streaming services. However, in certain markets and applications, they remain in use due to their simplicity and low cost. Regions with less advanced technological infrastructure still rely on VCDs for video distribution, especially for educational and training materials. Additionally, some content creators in niche markets favor VCDs for their affordability and ease of production, which makes them accessible to a broader audience.

The overall market for compact disc products is characterized by a mix of declining demand in some areas and s

In 2024, a total of 32.9 million physical CDs were shipped in the United States. However, this figure marks a considerable decrease from a decade earlier, when shipments were still above 100 million. More than 900 million CDs were shipped in the United States at the turn of the millenium, but the product has experienced a large decline in popularity in general since. Physical music sales Seen as the successor to vinyl records and cassette tapes, compact discs or CDs were one of the most popular prerecorded music formats for much of the 1990s and early 2000s. Competition, first in the form of digital music formats and then streaming, has led to a massive decline in total album sales, with the CD format being hit particularly hard. For five years now, music streaming revenue accounted for over 80 percent of total industry revenue partially thanks to the ability of these platforms to provide users with instant access to an endless online library of music which can be enjoyed via any device at any time. While most physical album sales have suffered, vinyl albums have experienced a resurgence in recent years. The format’s total sales figures increased significantly in each year since 2010.

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The global compact disc (CD) market, while experiencing a decline in recent years due to the rise of digital music streaming and downloads, maintains a niche presence driven by specific applications. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $2 billion, reflecting a steady, albeit modest, Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 2% from 2019 to 2024. This growth is primarily fueled by the continued demand for archiving purposes, particularly within commercial sectors for data storage and some segments of the music industry, such as collectors and audiophiles who value the physical quality of CDs. Furthermore, the use of CDs in educational settings, particularly for software distribution in areas with limited internet access, contributes to market stability. The market is segmented by application (commercial, family), and type (CD-ROM, recordable CD, rewritable CD, video CD, others). Key players such as Mitsubishi Kagaku Media, Sony, Ritek, and others compete in this market, focusing on specialized manufacturing techniques and distribution channels to cater to the remaining demand. Geographic distribution shows a higher market concentration in North America and Europe, reflecting established markets with a higher proportion of consumers who may have pre-existing CD collections and players or who require CDs for specific archiving needs. However, emerging markets in Asia-Pacific exhibit modest growth, primarily driven by specific commercial applications. The restraining factors for the CD market include the continued dominance of digital music streaming services, cost-effectiveness of digital formats, and the decreasing production of CD players. While the overall market size is relatively small compared to other media formats, its persistence highlights the niche needs it continues to fulfill. Future growth will likely depend on innovative applications of CD technology, perhaps incorporating it within specialized archival or data security systems, rather than relying on continued reliance on its traditional use cases. The forecast period of 2025-2033 suggests a gradual, consistent market trajectory, with projected annual growth largely mirroring past trends. While a dramatic resurgence is unlikely, the CD market shows signs of stabilized survival within a clearly defined, though shrinking, niche.

The global CD publishing systems market is experiencing moderate growth, driven by the continued demand for physical media in niche sectors despite the rise of digital distribution. While the overall market size is shrinking compared to its peak, it maintains relevance due to its specialized applications. Let's assume, for illustrative purposes, a 2025 market size of $500 million, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 2% from 2025 to 2033. This modest growth reflects the sustained, albeit reduced, need for physical CDs in sectors like archiving, specialized audio production, and certain governmental and financial institutions. The market is segmented by size (large, medium, small) and application (audio/video, service bureaus, banking/finance, government, software, gaming, medical, telecommunications, manufacturing). Factors such as the increasing preference for digital formats and the declining cost of digital storage pose significant restraints on market expansion. However, the unique needs of specific applications, such as data security and archival purposes, coupled with the perceived higher quality or authenticity of physical media in certain industries, contribute to the market's continued existence. This niche market exhibits varying growth trajectories across different segments. While the overall CAGR is moderate, certain application segments, such as archiving within the government and financial services sectors, might display higher growth rates than others. Similarly, regional variations exist, with North America and Europe likely exhibiting comparatively stronger performance than other regions, due to the higher concentration of established players and specialized applications in those areas. The competitive landscape involves both established players like Rimage and Primera Technology, and smaller niche providers. Future market performance depends significantly on the continued demand for physical media in specialized sectors and innovation in CD publishing technologies. Technological advancements, potentially focusing on increased efficiency and automation, could positively influence market growth and profitability. This report provides a detailed analysis of the global CD publishing systems market, offering insights into market size, key players, emerging trends, and future growth prospects. The market, while facing decline due to digital media dominance, still holds significant value, particularly in niche sectors. We estimate the global market size at approximately $250 million in 2023, projecting a moderate decline to $220 million by 2028.

The global compact disc (CD) market, while facing significant decline in recent years due to the rise of digital music streaming and downloads, maintains a niche presence, particularly in certain segments. While precise figures for market size and CAGR are not provided, a reasonable estimation can be made based on industry trends. Considering the mature nature of the CD market and its steady decline, let's assume a 2025 market size of $500 million USD. Given the ongoing shift towards digital formats, a conservative Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of -5% is projected for the forecast period of 2025-2033. This reflects a continued, albeit slow, contraction of the market. This shrinking market size is driven by the persistent dominance of digital music platforms, offering consumers greater convenience and extensive music libraries. However, certain CD segments, such as those related to archiving or audiophile-quality music reproduction, may experience slower decline rates. The market is also segmented by type (CD-ROM, Recordable CD, ReWritable CD, Video CD, Others) and application (Commercial, Family use). Key players like Mitsubishi Kagaku Media, Sony, and Ritek continue to compete, focusing on specialized applications and high-quality production to cater to the remaining demand. The regional distribution likely shows stronger performance in developing economies with less developed digital infrastructure. The future of the CD market hinges on its ability to adapt to evolving consumer preferences. While complete market displacement is highly probable, there's potential for niche markets to remain viable. This could involve focusing on archival needs, high-quality audio production for enthusiasts, or specialized applications such as software distribution in regions with limited internet access. Companies will need to strategically focus on innovative product offerings or target specific consumer segments to maintain market share, acknowledging the unavoidable long-term contraction of the overall market. Understanding these segment-specific dynamics is crucial for navigating the ongoing transition and identifying sustainable business models within this evolving landscape.

External CD Drives Market Outlook

The global external CD drives market size was estimated at USD 1.2 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach USD 1.7 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 3.8% during the forecast period. The growth in the market is largely driven by the increasing demand for data storage solutions that bridge the gap between legacy systems and modern computing environments. With the rise in multimedia content, academic needs, and the requirement for physical backups, the relevance of external CD drives persists despite the proliferation of cloud storage and other digital solutions.

One of the significant growth factors in the external CD drives market is the increasing need for backward compatibility in computing systems. Many businesses and individuals still rely on CDs and DVDs for data storage, software installation, and media playback. This need is particularly pronounced in sectors like education, where legacy content is often stored on optical media. Furthermore, the rise of ultrabooks and netbooks, which lack built-in CD drives, has created a niche market for external CD drives. As a result, manufacturers are continually innovating to produce more compact, efficient, and user-friendly devices.

Another driving factor is the resurgence in physical media purchases among collectors and audiophiles. While digital downloads and streaming dominate the market, there is a growing segment of consumers who prefer owning physical copies of music, movies, and software. This trend is supported by the high-quality audio and video experience that CDs and DVDs offer, which is often superior to compressed digital files. Moreover, the affordability and declining prices of external CD drives make them an attractive option for consumers looking to access or archive their physical media collections.

The increasing adoption of external CD drives in developing regions also contributes to market growth. In areas where internet connectivity is limited or unreliable, physical media remains a vital means of data distribution. Educational institutions, libraries, and small businesses in these regions continue to use CDs and DVDs for distributing information and software. This trend is bolstered by governmental initiatives to improve digital literacy and access to technology, which often include the distribution of educational content on CDs.

The market for Internal Optical Drives Sales continues to show resilience even as external solutions gain popularity. Internal optical drives are integral to desktop computers, providing a reliable means for reading and writing data on CDs and DVDs. These drives are particularly favored by users who require a permanent installation within their systems, offering convenience and speed without the need for additional peripherals. Despite the rise of digital downloads and streaming services, there remains a niche market for internal drives among professionals who rely on physical media for data storage and software installations. The demand is also supported by industries that require secure and offline data handling solutions, ensuring that internal optical drives remain a relevant choice for specific user groups.

Regionally, the market dynamics vary significantly. North America and Europe are mature markets with steady demand due to the presence of a substantial number of legacy systems and the continued use of physical media in various sectors. In contrast, Asia Pacific is expected to witness the highest growth rate, driven by rapid technological adoption and increasing disposable incomes. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa present moderate growth prospects, with demand primarily driven by educational and governmental initiatives.

Product Type Analysis

The external CD drives market is segmented into portable and desktop types. Portable external CD drives are designed for mobility and convenience, making them a popular choice among students, professionals, and frequent travelers. These drives are typically lightweight, compact, and powered through a USB connection, eliminating the need for an external power source. The growth in this segment is fueled by the increasing use of ultrabooks and netbooks, which lack built-in CD drives, necessitating the use of external solutions.

On the other hand, desktop external CD drives are generally bulkier but offer more robust performance and additional features. These drives are preferred by users who require

The global CD-ROM drive market, while experiencing a decline in recent years due to the rise of digital distribution and streaming services, maintains a niche presence, particularly in specific sectors. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $200 million, reflecting a continued, albeit slow, contraction. A Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of -5% from 2025 to 2033 is projected, indicating a gradual market shrinkage. This decline is primarily driven by the dwindling demand for physical media and the prevalence of digital alternatives for software and data storage. However, certain factors contribute to the market's persistence. These include the need for CD-ROM drives in archival systems, specialized industrial applications requiring robust physical media, and the ongoing use in certain educational and governmental settings where digital infrastructure might be limited or security concerns prioritize physical media. Key players like ASUS, Hitachi, LG, Lite-On, Panasonic, Pioneer, and TEAC continue to cater to this niche demand, focusing on cost-effective and reliable solutions. Geographic segmentation will likely show higher demand in regions with less developed digital infrastructure. Constraints on growth stem directly from the overarching shift towards digital solutions, along with the higher costs associated with producing and maintaining CD-ROM technology compared to digital alternatives. Despite the negative CAGR, the CD-ROM drive market is not expected to disappear entirely within the forecast period. The market will likely continue to contract, but at a slow rate, driven by the sustained, albeit diminishing, demand from legacy systems and specific industry verticals. Market players are likely adapting by focusing on cost optimization, specialized applications, and perhaps exploring opportunities in related technologies or niche markets that may benefit from the reliability and offline accessibility offered by physical media. Future market research should focus on identifying and analyzing these niche applications and assessing the potential for innovation within the existing technology to mitigate the ongoing decline.

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The professional CD player market, while facing challenges from digital audio formats, maintains a steady presence driven by niche applications requiring high-fidelity audio playback and reliability. Estimates suggest a 2025 market size of approximately $150 million, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 3% projected from 2025 to 2033. This moderate growth reflects the continued demand from broadcast studios, live performance venues, and archiving facilities where the consistent, predictable performance of CD players remains crucial, despite the rise of digital alternatives. Key drivers include the need for high-quality, lossless audio reproduction in professional settings, the robust nature of CDs for long-term archival purposes, and a preference for established technology in situations demanding high reliability. However, the market faces constraints such as the declining production of new CD players, increasing costs associated with maintaining legacy equipment, and the continued appeal of increasingly affordable and higher-quality digital audio workstations (DAWs) and streaming solutions. Leading companies like TASCAM, Denon, Marantz, Numark, Yamaha, and Pioneer continue to hold market share by focusing on high-end models with advanced features and superior build quality, targeting specific professional user needs. Segment analysis indicates a strong demand for durable, reliable models within the broadcast and archiving sectors. The transition to digital formats is expected to continue influencing market dynamics, but this will likely be gradual. The higher price point and focus on features for professional applications maintain the market’s stability, preventing a sharper decline despite the overall trend towards digital workflows. Regional variations in market share are anticipated, with North America and Europe likely maintaining significant portions, driven by higher adoption rates of professional audio equipment in these regions. The forecast anticipates a continued, albeit slow, growth trajectory for the professional CD player market, fueled by the enduring requirements of specific professional audio applications.

Compact Disc (CD) Market Outlook

As of 2023, the global Compact Disc (CD) market size was valued at approximately USD 1.5 billion, with a projected value of around USD 1.2 billion by 2032, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -2.3% during the forecast period. This declining trend is indicative of the technological evolution and changing consumer preferences that have impacted the demand for CDs. However, the CD market remains significant due to certain growth factors such as nostalgia-driven purchases, collector's interest, and specific applications that continue to rely on this medium. The compact disc, once a revolutionary product that transformed the music and data storage industries, is now positioned in a niche market where adaptability and innovation can still create opportunities for growth.

One of the key growth drivers for the compact disc market is the enduring appeal of physical music formats. Despite the rise of digital streaming services, a segment of consumers continues to value the tangible nature and perceived sound quality of CDs. This is particularly true within the music industry, where artists and labels often release special edition albums on CD, catering to collectors and audiophiles. Furthermore, the nostalgia factor should not be underestimated; many consumers who grew up with CDs still enjoy the experience of owning a physical music collection. This emotional connection to the format provides a steady, if not growing, market base for CDs. Additionally, the re-emergence of vinyl has rekindled interest in physical media, indirectly benefiting the CD market.

Despite the decline in mainstream adoption, certain niche applications continue to sustain the CD market. For instance, educational institutions and software companies still utilize CDs for distributing educational materials and software applications. This is primarily due to the affordability and ease of use associated with CDs, especially in regions where internet access is limited or where digital infrastructure is not fully developed. Furthermore, the data reliability and longevity of CDs make them a preferred choice for long-term storage solutions in various sectors. CDs offer a cost-effective and durable medium, which is crucial in areas where digital piracy and data breaches are significant concerns.

The regional outlook of the CD market highlights varying adoption trends across different geographies. In Asia Pacific, particularly in countries like Japan and South Korea, there is a strong consumer base that continues to purchase CDs. This is partly due to local music industries promoting exclusive CD content. Meanwhile, North America and Europe have seen a sharper decline in CD sales as consumers largely shift towards digital platforms. However, niche markets such as collectors and retro enthusiasts still present a viable audience in these regions. In contrast, in developing regions like Latin America and parts of Africa, CDs remain a practical distribution method due to limited access to high-speed internet, thus sustaining market demand.

Disc Manufacturing plays a pivotal role in sustaining the compact disc market, especially in niche segments where quality and durability are paramount. The process of disc manufacturing involves precise techniques to ensure that each CD meets high standards for data integrity and longevity. This is particularly important for sectors such as education and software distribution, where reliability is crucial. As the demand for CDs persists in certain regions and applications, advancements in manufacturing technology are essential to enhance the efficiency and environmental sustainability of production processes. Manufacturers are increasingly focusing on reducing waste and energy consumption, aligning with global sustainability goals while maintaining the quality that consumers expect from physical media.

Product Type Analysis

The product segmentation of the Compact Disc market is categorized into Audio CDs, Data CDs, and Video CDs, each serving distinct market needs. Audio CDs form one of the most substantial segments, having historically dominated the market due to their use in music distribution. Despite the digital revolution, there remains a dedicated consumer base that values the high-quality sound and collectability of audio CDs. These discs often feature exclusive content, such as liner notes and bonus tracks, which provide added value over digital formats. Moreover, artists and labels frequently release limited edition or remastered albums on audi

Congo, The Democratic Republic of the CD: Primary Completion Rate: Male: % of Relevant Age Group data was reported at 69.537 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 76.834 % for 2013. Congo, The Democratic Republic of the CD: Primary Completion Rate: Male: % of Relevant Age Group data is updated yearly, averaging 72.515 % from Dec 1971 (Median) to 2015, with 25 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 82.864 % in 1984 and a record low of 37.497 % in 1999. Congo, The Democratic Republic of the CD: Primary Completion Rate: Male: % of Relevant Age Group data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Democratic Republic of Congo – Table CD.World Bank: Education Statistics. Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Weighted average; Each economy is classified based on the classification of World Bank Group's fiscal year 2018 (July 1, 2017-June 30, 2018).

The sales volume of CDs in Finland declined from around 2.51 million packages in 2014 to less than 150,000 in 2024. As of 2024, roughly 148,000 CDs were sold, decreasing slightly from the previous year. CD sales made up the second-largest share of all physical audio record sales in Finland.

Bank deposit interest rate, percent in Costa Rica, March, 2025 The most recent value is 5.86 percent as of March 2025, a decline compared to the previous value of 6.13 percent. Historically, the average for Costa Rica from January 2015 to March 2025 is 7.2 percent. The minimum of 4.24 percent was recorded in October 2021, while the maximum of 11.08 percent was reached in January 2023. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

Bank deposit interest rate, percent in Italy, March, 2025 The most recent value is 2.71 percent as of March 2025, a decline compared to the previous value of 2.82 percent. Historically, the average for Italy from March 2003 to March 2025 is 1.71 percent. The minimum of 0.39 percent was recorded in June 2022, while the maximum of 3.81 percent was reached in December 2023. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

CD DVD Drives Market Outlook

The global CD DVD drives market size was valued at approximately USD 1.2 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach around USD 1.5 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.5% during the forecast period. The market growth is fueled by increased demand for data storage solutions and continued use in niche applications such as music production and archival storage. Despite the declining popularity of physical media in favor of digital formats, the CD DVD drives market maintains its relevance due to specific use cases and consumer preferences in various regions.

One of the primary growth factors for the CD DVD drives market is the consistent demand for data backup and storage solutions. Many enterprises, especially in developing regions, still rely on physical media for data archiving due to its reliability and long lifespan. This reliance is driven by the need for secure, offline storage options that can withstand data breaches and cyber-attacks. Additionally, the music and entertainment industry continues to favor CDs and DVDs for production and distribution, ensuring a steady demand within this niche sector.

Educational institutions and public libraries also contribute significantly to the market's growth. In many developing countries, schools and libraries use CDs and DVDs to distribute educational content due to limited internet accessibility and bandwidth constraints. These physical media formats provide a cost-effective way to disseminate information and educational materials, thereby supporting the market's growth. Furthermore, the trend of digitizing old archives and converting them to CD and DVD formats for preservation purposes continues to generate demand for CD DVD drives.

Another crucial factor is the residual demand from consumers who prefer physical media over digital downloads. Collectors and enthusiasts of music, movies, and video games often seek physical copies for their tangible value and the nostalgia associated with them. As a result, the market for CD DVD drives remains robust in segments where physical media still holds sentimental and practical value. Moreover, certain industries, such as healthcare and legal, require physical media for compliance and regulatory reasons, further sustaining the demand for CD DVD drives.

Regionally, Asia Pacific dominates the CD DVD drives market owing to the extensive use of CDs and DVDs in educational and commercial applications. Moreover, countries like India and China still have significant markets for physical media due to slower digital adoption rates. North America follows, with a substantial market share driven by niche consumer segments and professional use cases. Europe also presents a steady market, particularly in the industrial and archival storage sectors. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa show moderate growth, supported by the ongoing use in educational and commercial contexts.

Type Analysis

The CD DVD drives market is segmented into two primary types: internal and external drives. Internal drives are typically integrated into desktop computers and laptops, offering seamless connectivity and performance. These drives are often preferred by users who require a permanent and robust solution for reading and writing optical discs. The market for internal drives is driven by the demand from enterprises and educational institutions that use these drives for data storage and archiving purposes. Additionally, the relatively lower cost of internal drives compared to external counterparts makes them an appealing choice for budget-conscious consumers.

External CD DVD drives, on the other hand, offer portability and flexibility, making them suitable for use with various devices, including laptops, tablets, and even gaming consoles. The market for external drives is bolstered by the increasing number of devices that no longer come with built-in optical drives. As consumers and professionals continue to need optical drive functionality, external drives provide a convenient solution. Moreover, the plug-and-play feature of external drives simplifies their use, making them attractive to non-technical users who seek ease of operation.

Technological advancements have also played a role in the evolution of both internal and external CD DVD drives. Modern drives come with enhanced read and write speeds, improved error correction capabilities, and support for multiple disc formats, thereby offering greater versatility and performance. These improvements cater to the needs of users who req

Congo, The Democratic Republic of the CD: Primary Completion Rate: Female: % of Relevant Age Group data was reported at 70.376 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 62.723 % for 2013. Congo, The Democratic Republic of the CD: Primary Completion Rate: Female: % of Relevant Age Group data is updated yearly, averaging 44.812 % from Dec 1971 to 2015, with 25 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 70.376 % in 2015 and a record low of 21.069 % in 1971. Congo, The Democratic Republic of the CD: Primary Completion Rate: Female: % of Relevant Age Group data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Democratic Republic of Congo – Table CD.World Bank: Education Statistics. Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Weighted average; Each economy is classified based on the classification of World Bank Group's fiscal year 2018 (July 1, 2017-June 30, 2018).

Deposit Interest Rate in Australia decreased to 2.75 percent in June from 2.80 percent in May of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Deposit Interest Rate in Australia.

Soil heavy metals (HM) contamination threatens soil and water quality, which significantly affects humans and animals. This study focuses on the competitive immobilization of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in soils from a contaminated site using ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in a potting experiment amended with biochars. Increased rates of switchgrass- (SGB) and poultry litter-derived biochars (PLB) were applied before ryegrass cultivation. Soil HM phytoavailability and HM concentrations in plant shoots were determined. Multivariate regression models were used to evaluate the influence of several soil chemical attributes on the HM phytoavailability. The increased rates of both biochars reduced the Zn, Pb, and Cd availability (p < 0.001). Langmuir models showed that the maximum HM immobilization (IMAX) was 169.2 ± 29.5 mg kg–1 for Zn with SGB, and 20 ± 7.4 (Pb) and 1.08 mg kg–1 (Cd) with PLB. The extended Langmuir model (EL) showed competitive HM immobilization since there was a decrease in the IMAX of Zn (∼90 ± 28 mg kg–1 from SGB) and Cd (∼0.70 ± 0.21 mg kg–1). Negative values of Pb and Cd immobilization at low rates of SGB indicated an increase in those HM availabilities and preferential immobilization for Zn. The reduced Zn and Pb uptake in ryegrass shoots ranged from 70% to 98% and were optimum at rates of 0.50% ± 0.00%–0.60% ± 0.06% for both biochars, and 1.6% ± 0.4% of SGB for Cd. The stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and partial least squares (PLS) revealed that pH and organic matter (OM) were the most responsible factors for reducing Zn bioavailability while OM was more impactful in decreasing Pb and Cd levels. This suggests that the preferential immobilization for Zn relies on its higher sensitivity to the pH increase. Also, the ubiquitous positive relationship among the metals studied shows that competitive immobilization is ceased at high rates of biochars application. Path analysis (PA) showed that pH and OM were the common contributors from both biochars to simultaneously affect Zn, Pb, and Cd availability regardless of the contrasting physicochemical properties of the two bioproducts. This work proved the potential of applying low rates of two contrasting feedstock-derived biochars to remediate the contaminants and safely grow ryegrass.

Deposit Interest Rate in Colombia decreased to 10.17 percent in 2024 from 13.21 percent in 2023. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Deposit Interest Rate in Colombia.